{"title":"Reliability of novel die attach adhesive for snap curing","authors":"D. Galloway, M. Grosse, M. Nguyen, A. Burkhart","doi":"10.1109/IEMT.1995.526106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMT.1995.526106","url":null,"abstract":"Novel adhesive, using in-line process, has been shown to reduce adhesive cure cycle time from 70 minutes to as little as 44 seconds at 160/spl deg/C. Throughput improvement of 60% using existing box ovens and no increase in floor space has been confirmed on production equipment. The adhesive is based upon a modified cyanate ester resin, which cures to form a triazine polymer with excellent temperature stability and unique moisture properties. It generates 75% less outgassing during cure than typical snap sure epoxies, which reduces contamination of the chip, leadframe and oven chamber. Live device reliability, equivalent to standard box oven, has been demonstrated for the new snap cure adhesive using in-line cure, as well as, fast box oven process. Material, processing and qualification data is summarized and compared to epoxies for analog and logic ICs packaged in SOIC, PDIP, and PLCC body styles. The material has been fully qualified and is in production use.","PeriodicalId":123707,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium. 'Manufacturing Technologies - Present and Future'","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126155594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seung-Ho Ahn, Kyung-Sun Lee, Se-Young Oh, E. Miersch
{"title":"Electrical performance analysis of a three-dimensional package","authors":"Seung-Ho Ahn, Kyung-Sun Lee, Se-Young Oh, E. Miersch","doi":"10.1109/IEMT.1995.526102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMT.1995.526102","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional packaging is considered to offer a solution for high packaging density and enhanced electrical performance, which are required for the present and future electronic systems. A new type of three-dimensional package was recently developed. These were named \"memory cubes\", in which thin small outline J-leaded packages or thin quad flat J-leaded packages were stacked, and electrically interconnected by soldering of the outer leads. Analyses of electrical performances of the memory cubes as the main memories in a computer system were made through the electrical simulations of a 4 Mb/spl times/9 DRAM memory cube and an equivalent 4 Mb/spl times/9 DRAM single inline memory module. Electrical simulation showed that memory cube reduced the capacitance load of the longest on-board nets of typical memory board by 5% to 10%, reduced the reflection behavior of these nets by its lumped load character, and resulted in an overall driver-to-receiver net performance improvement versus the equivalent single inline memory module by about 15%.","PeriodicalId":123707,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium. 'Manufacturing Technologies - Present and Future'","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114645563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Properties of thin layers of Sn62Pb36Ag2","authors":"G. Grossmann, L. Weher, K. Heiduschke","doi":"10.1109/IEMT.1995.526211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMT.1995.526211","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing miniaturisation of surface mount devices(SMD) reveals some new questions concerning the reliability of solder joints. The components become larger and the solder joints smaller. Especially the thickness mainly influences the mean lifetime of surface mount technology (SMT) solder joints, where micro-fracture and damage evolve under thermomechanical cycling. When the electrical power is switched on and off, the solder joints are heavily distorted due to the thermal expansion mismatch of the package and the PCB. The deformation in eutectic Sn-Pb at homologous temperatures close to 1 is known to be strongly related to grain- and phase boundary mechanisms. Therefore, a change of the mechanical behaviour is expected, if the phase size is of the order of the thickness of the solder layer. This paper covers the determination of the deformation behaviour of thin layers, down to 25 /spl mu/m.","PeriodicalId":123707,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium. 'Manufacturing Technologies - Present and Future'","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115182601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability of soldered silicon devices on copper alloys","authors":"A. Achari, W. Green","doi":"10.1109/IEMT.1995.526107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMT.1995.526107","url":null,"abstract":"Functional reliability of power ICs is dependent on the integrity of IC/heat transfer joint area. Any major reactions during soldering on the heat-spreader and transport of reaction products to the silicon/metal interface have an adverse effect on the IC performance. The robustness of silicon backside metallization and the selection of metallization scheme can prevent the solder reactions at the silicon surface. This paper presents the evaluation of solder reactions with silicon and their impact on the package reliability.","PeriodicalId":123707,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium. 'Manufacturing Technologies - Present and Future'","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115201567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Boning, W. Moyne, T. Smith, J. Moyne, R. Trelfeyan, A. Hurwitz, S. Sellman, J. Taylor
{"title":"Run by run control of chemical-mechanical polishing","authors":"D. Boning, W. Moyne, T. Smith, J. Moyne, R. Trelfeyan, A. Hurwitz, S. Sellman, J. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/IEMT.1995.526097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMT.1995.526097","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype hardware/software system has been developed and applied to the control of single wafer chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) processes. The control methodology consists of experimental design to build response surface and linearized control models of the process, and the use of feedback control to change recipe parameters (machine settings) on a lot by lot basis. Acceptable regression models were constructed for average removal rate and nonuniformity, which are calculated based on film thickness measurement at nine points on 8\" blanket oxide wafers. For control, an exponentially weighted moving average model adaptation strategy was used, coupled to multivariate recipe generation incorporating user weights on the inputs and outputs, bounds on the input ranges, and discretization in the machine settings. We found that this strategy successfully compensated for substantial drift in the uncontrolled tool's removal rate. It was also found that the equipment model generated during the experimental design was surprisingly robust; the same model was effective across more than one CMP tool, and over a several month period.","PeriodicalId":123707,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium. 'Manufacturing Technologies - Present and Future'","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129828433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed control of hot bar thermode in fine pitch surface mount assembly","authors":"V. Skormin, K. Park","doi":"10.1109/IEMT.1995.526181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMT.1995.526181","url":null,"abstract":"A hot bar thermode is viewed as a process with spatially distributed controlled variable (temperature) and disturbance (thermal load). A transfer matrix model, describing thermal inertia and heat propagation in the thermode, is defined and the model parameters are experimentally estimated. This model, implemented in software, is used to evaluate various control techniques: the existing single-input-single-output scheme, single-input-multi-output with weighted averaging of feedback signals, and adaptive single-input-multi-output scheme. A novel configuration of a hot bar thermode, suitable for multi-input-multi-output control is proposed. The efficiency of this technology is demonstrated by computer simulation.","PeriodicalId":123707,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium. 'Manufacturing Technologies - Present and Future'","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123947864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement of solder paste component retention properties","authors":"S. Thomas, K. Srihari, A. McLenaghan, G. Westby","doi":"10.1109/IEMT.1995.526186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMT.1995.526186","url":null,"abstract":"Systematically evaluated the IPC-SP-819 tack test method. The study identified the factors that influenced the measurement and estimated their effect on the tack strength. An alternate tack test method that uses a shear tester was identified. Tack life measurements were conducted for six different solder pastes using the IPC, the modified IPC, and the shear tack test methods. The test results were validated by subjecting the slugs placed on the solder paste specimen to a shock test and measuring the component movement. The test validation process confirmed that the IPC test results do not always correlate to the component retention properties of solder pastes. However, the shear tack tests exhibited strong correlation. This research should enhance the knowledge of process engineers and solder paste vendors on the component retention properties of solder pastes during surface mount PCB assembly.","PeriodicalId":123707,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium. 'Manufacturing Technologies - Present and Future'","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122908893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.R. Kalantary, P. Conway, F. Sarvar, D.J. Williams
{"title":"Towards a standard for differential scanning calorimetry measurement of solder paste products","authors":"M.R. Kalantary, P. Conway, F. Sarvar, D.J. Williams","doi":"10.1109/IEMT.1995.526184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMT.1995.526184","url":null,"abstract":"With the continuing technological advancement in circuit board and component design there is a need to understand the overall soldering process including solder materials, printing applications and reflow processes. This is due to increased component packing density with the subsequent decrease in feature sizes and increases in joint counts per assembly. This places greater emphasis on the design of joint formation processes in order to manage, or predict, the outcome of the inherent process-materials interactions which determine the quality of joint formed. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) offers a potential avenue to describe, quantitatively, the interactions of joining media with joining processes and study the behaviour of solder pastes. This paper presents the results of a series of trials with DSC analysis of solder paste materials in order to determine the suitability of the DSC technique as a means to characterise these materials with respect to intended manufacturing processes. The results indicate that there is a necessity for standardised DSC testing methodologies which control key test variables including the mass of the solder sample.","PeriodicalId":123707,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium. 'Manufacturing Technologies - Present and Future'","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116913509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time diagnosis of semiconductor manufacturing equipment using neural networks","authors":"Byungwhan Kim, G. May","doi":"10.1109/IEMT.1995.526119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMT.1995.526119","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a tool for the real-time diagnosis of integrated circuit fabrication equipment. The approach focuses on integrating neural networks into a knowledge-based expert system. The system employs evidential reasoning to identify malfunctions by combining evidence originating from equipment maintenance history, on-line sensor data, and in-line past-process measurements. Neural networks are used in the maintenance phase of diagnosis to approximate the functional form of the failure history distribution of each component. Predicted failure rates are then converted to belief levels. For on-line diagnosis in the case of previously unencountered faults, a CUSUM control chart is implemented on real sensor data to detect very small process shifts and their trends. For the known fault case, hypothesis resting on the statistical mean and variance of the sensor data is performed to search for similar data patterns and assign belief levels. Finally, neural process models of process figures of merit (such as etch uniformity) derived from prior experimentation are used to analyze the in-line measurements, and identify the most suitable candidate among faulty input parameters (such as gas flow) to explain process shifts. A working prototype for this hybrid diagnostic system is being implemented on the Plasma Therm 700 series reactive ion etcher located in the Georgia Tech Microelectronic Research Center.","PeriodicalId":123707,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium. 'Manufacturing Technologies - Present and Future'","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132115604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Void formation in flip-chip solder bumps. I","authors":"L. Goenka, A. Achari","doi":"10.1109/IEMT.1995.526084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMT.1995.526084","url":null,"abstract":"Void formation in solder bumps occurs due to the formation and coagulation of gas bubbles from the combustion of flux during the solder reflow process. The formation of such voids can result in the failure of solder joints under the application of load. This study aims at determining the factors which affect the formation and growth of these voids. It consists of evaluating numerous cross-sections of solder bumps, as well as the numerical modeling of the flow and bubble dynamics within the solder bump during the solder reflow process. The cross sections reveal several cases in which a large void is formed within the solder bump. Generally, in the absence of such a void, a large number of smaller bubbles accumulate at the top of the joint, and often result in crack propagation through them. A simplified, two-dimensional numerical model to simulate the motion and coalescence of bubbles in a solder bump has been developed. A recirculative flow within the melt region is assumed. This recirculation is caused by the temperature differential between the exterior and interior boundaries of the melt region. A heat-transfer analysis predicts the movement of the melt front during reflow. It is hoped that this model, along with a study of joint cross sections, will lend some insight into the factors that affect the formation and distribution of voids within solder bumps.","PeriodicalId":123707,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium. 'Manufacturing Technologies - Present and Future'","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123188402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}