Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Modeling functional connectivity changes during an auditory language task using line graph neural networks.","authors":"Stein Acker, Jinqing Liang, Ninet Sinaii, Kristen Wingert, Atsuko Kurosu, Sunder Rajan, Sara Inati, William H Theodore, Nadia Biassou","doi":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1471229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2024.1471229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional connectivity (FC) refers to the activation correlation between different brain regions. FC networks as typically represented as graphs with brain regions of interest (ROIs) as nodes and functional correlation as edges. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are machine learning architectures used to analyze FC graphs. However, traditional GNNs are limited in their ability to characterize FC edge attributes because they typically emphasize the importance of ROI node-based brain activation data. Line GNNs convert the edges of the original graph to nodes in the transformed graph, thereby emphasizing the FC between brain regions. We hypothesize that line GNNs will outperform traditional GNNs in FC applications. We investigated the performance of two common GNN architectures (GraphSAGE and GCN) trained on line and traditional graphs predicting task-associated FC changes across two datasets. The first dataset was from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) with 205 participants, the second was a dataset with 12 participants. The HCP dataset detailed FC changes in participants during a story-listening task, while the second dataset included the FC changes in a different auditory language task. Our findings from the HCP dataset indicated that line GNNs achieved lower mean squared error compared to traditional GNNs, with the line GraphSAGE model outperforming the traditional GraphSAGE by 18% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). When applying the same models to the second dataset, both line GNNs also showed statistically significant improvements over their traditional counterparts with little to no overfitting. We believe this shows that line GNN models demonstrate promising utility in FC studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12363,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1471229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in brain MRI using deep learning toward fairer healthcare outcomes.","authors":"Mahsa Dibaji, Johanna Ospel, Roberto Souza, Mariana Bento","doi":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1452457","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1452457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study leverages deep learning to analyze sex differences in brain MRI data, aiming to further advance fairness in medical imaging. We employed 3D T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance images from four diverse datasets: Calgary-Campinas-359, OASIS-3, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and Cambridge Center for Aging and Neuroscience, ensuring a balanced representation of sexes and a broad demographic scope. Our methodology focused on minimal preprocessing to preserve the integrity of brain structures, utilizing a Convolutional Neural Network model for sex classification. The model achieved an accuracy of 87% on the test set without employing total intracranial volume (TIV) adjustment techniques. We observed that while the model exhibited biases at extreme brain sizes, it performed with less bias when the TIV distributions overlapped more. Saliency maps were used to identify brain regions significant in sex differentiation, revealing that certain supratentorial and infratentorial regions were important for predictions. Furthermore, our interdisciplinary team, comprising machine learning specialists and a radiologist, ensured diverse perspectives in validating the results. The detailed investigation of sex differences in brain MRI in this study, highlighted by the sex differences map, offers valuable insights into sex-specific aspects of medical imaging and could aid in developing sex-based bias mitigation strategies, contributing to the future development of fair AI algorithms. Awareness of the brain's differences between sexes enables more equitable AI predictions, promoting fairness in healthcare outcomes. Our code and saliency maps are available at https://github.com/mahsadibaji/sex-differences-brain-dl.</p>","PeriodicalId":12363,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1452457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Computational modeling and machine learning methods in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration: from basic research to clinical applications.","authors":"Noemi Montobbio, Roberto Maffulli, Anees Abrol, Pablo Martínez-Cañada","doi":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1514220","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1514220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12363,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1514220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated synapse loss induces depression-like behaviors in deep reinforcement learning.","authors":"Eric Chalmers, Santina Duarte, Xena Al-Hejji, Daniel Devoe, Aaron Gruber, Robert J McDonald","doi":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1466364","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1466364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep Reinforcement Learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that uses artificial neural networks to model reward-based learning as it occurs in biological agents. Here we modify a Deep Reinforcement Learning approach by imposing a suppressive effect on the connections between neurons in the artificial network-simulating the effect of dendritic spine loss as observed in major depressive disorder (MDD). Surprisingly, this simulated spine loss is sufficient to induce a variety of MDD-like behaviors in the artificially intelligent agent, including anhedonia, increased temporal discounting, avoidance, and an altered exploration/exploitation balance. Furthermore, simulating alternative and longstanding reward-processing-centric conceptions of MDD (dysfunction of the dopamine system, altered reward discounting, context-dependent learning rates, increased exploration) does not produce the same range of MDD-like behaviors. These results support a conceptual model of MDD as a reduction of brain connectivity (and thus information-processing capacity) rather than an imbalance in monoamines-though the computational model suggests a possible explanation for the dysfunction of dopamine systems in MDD. Reversing the spine-loss effect in our computational MDD model can lead to rescue of rewarding behavior under some conditions. This supports the search for treatments that increase plasticity and synaptogenesis, and the model suggests some implications for their effective administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12363,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1466364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of cognitive impairment in drivers through mental workload using physiological measures of heart rate variability.","authors":"Mansoor S Raza, Mohsin Murtaza, Chi-Tsun Cheng, Muhana M A Muslam, Bader M Albahlal","doi":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1475530","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1475530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intricate interplay between driver cognitive dysfunction, mental workload (MWL), and heart rate variability (HRV) provides a captivating avenue for investigation within the domain of transportation safety studies. This article provides a systematic review and examines cognitive hindrance stemming from mental workload and heart rate variability. It scrutinizes the mental workload experienced by drivers by leveraging data gleaned from prior studies that employed heart rate monitoring systems and eye tracking technology, thereby illuminating the correlation between cognitive impairment, mental workload, and physiological indicators such as heart rate and ocular movements. The investigation is grounded in the premise that the mental workload of drivers can be assessed through physiological cues, such as heart rate and eye movements. The study discovered that HRV and infrared (IR) measurements played a crucial role in evaluating fatigue and workload for skilled drivers. However, the study overlooked potential factors contributing to cognitive impairment in drivers and could benefit from incorporating alternative indicators of cognitive workload for deeper insights. Furthermore, investigated driving simulators demonstrated that an eco-safe driving Human-Machine Interface (HMI) significantly promoted safe driving behaviors without imposing excessive mental and visual workload on drivers. Recommendations were made for future studies to consider additional indicators of cognitive workload, such as subjective assessments or task performance metrics, for a more comprehensive understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12363,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1475530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial emotion recognition using deep quantum and advanced transfer learning mechanism.","authors":"Shtwai Alsubai, Abdullah Alqahtani, Abed Alanazi, Mohemmed Sha, Abdu Gumaei","doi":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1435956","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1435956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Facial expressions have become a common way for interaction among humans. People cannot comprehend and predict the emotions or expressions of individuals through simple vision. Thus, in psychology, detecting facial expressions or emotion analysis demands an assessment and evaluation of decisions for identifying the emotions of a person or any group during communication. With the recent evolution of technology, AI (Artificial Intelligence) has gained significant usage, wherein DL (Deep Learning) based algorithms are employed for detecting facial expressions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study proposes a system design that detects facial expressions by extracting relevant features using a Modified ResNet model. The proposed system stacks building-blocks with residual connections and employs an advanced extraction method with quantum computing, which significantly reduces computation time compared to conventional methods. The backbone stem utilizes a quantum convolutional layer comprised of several parameterized quantum-filters. Additionally, the research integrates residual connections in the ResNet-18 model with the Modified up Sampled Bottle Neck Process (MuS-BNP), retaining computational efficacy while benefiting from residual connections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed model demonstrates superior performance by overcoming the issue of maximum similarity within varied facial expressions. The system's ability to accurately detect and differentiate between expressions is measured using performance metrics such as accuracy, F1-score, recall, and precision.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This performance analysis confirms the efficacy of the proposed system, highlighting the advantages of quantum computing in feature extraction and the integration of residual connections. The model achieves quantum superiority, providing faster and more accurate computations compared to existing methodologies. The results suggest that the proposed approach offers a promising solution for facial expression recognition tasks, significantly improving both speed and accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12363,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1435956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BrainNet: an automated approach for brain stress prediction utilizing electrodermal activity signal with XLNet model.","authors":"Liao Xuanzhi, Abeer Hakeem, Linda Mohaisen, Muhammad Umer, Muhammad Attique Khan, Shrooq Alsenan, Shtwai Alsubai, Nisreen Innab","doi":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1482994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2024.1482994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain stress monitoring has emerged as a critical research area for understanding and managing stress and neurological health issues. This burgeoning field aims to provide accurate information and prediction about individuals' stress levels by analyzing behavioral data and physiological signals. To address this emerging problem, this research study proposes an innovative approach that uses an attention mechanism-based XLNet model (called BrainNet) for continuous stress monitoring and stress level prediction. The proposed model analyzes streams of brain data, including behavioral and physiological signal patterns using Swell and WESAD datasets. Testing on the Swell multi-class dataset, the model achieves an impressive accuracy of 95.76%. Furthermore, when evaluated on the WESAD dataset, it demonstrates even higher accuracy, reaching 98.32%. When applied to the binary classification of stress and no stress using the Swell dataset, the model achieves an outstanding accuracy of 97.19%. Comparative analysis with other previously published research studies underscores the superior performance of the proposed approach. In addition, cross-validation confirms the significance, efficacy, and robustness of the model in brain stress level prediction and aligns with the goals of smart diagnostics for understanding neurological behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12363,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1482994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent dynamics of primary sensory cortical population activity structured by fluctuations in the local field potential.","authors":"Audrey Sederberg, Aurélie Pala, Garrett B Stanley","doi":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1445621","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1445621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As emerging technologies enable measurement of precise details of the activity within microcircuits at ever-increasing scales, there is a growing need to identify the salient features and patterns within the neural populations that represent physiologically and behaviorally relevant aspects of the network. Accumulating evidence from recordings of large neural populations suggests that neural population activity frequently exhibits relatively low-dimensional structure, with a small number of variables explaining a substantial fraction of the structure of the activity. While such structure has been observed across the brain, it is not known how reduced-dimension representations of neural population activity relate to classical metrics of \"brain state,\" typically described in terms of fluctuations in the local field potential (LFP), single-cell activity, and behavioral metrics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hidden state models were fit to spontaneous spiking activity of populations of neurons, recorded in the whisker area of primary somatosensory cortex of awake mice. Classic measures of cortical state in S1, including the LFP and whisking activity, were compared to the dynamics of states inferred from spiking activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A hidden Markov model fit the population spiking data well with a relatively small number of states, and putative inhibitory neurons played an outsize role in determining the latent state dynamics. Spiking states inferred from the model were more informative of the cortical state than a direct readout of the spiking activity of single neurons or of the population. Further, the spiking states predicted both the trial-by-trial variability in sensory responses and one aspect of behavior, whisking activity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results show how classical measurements of brain state relate to neural population spiking dynamics at the scale of the microcircuit and provide an approach for quantitative mapping of brain state dynamics across brain areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":12363,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1445621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-stage semi-supervised learning enhances white matter hyperintensity segmentation.","authors":"Kauê T N Duarte, Abhijot S Sidhu, Murilo C Barros, David G Gobbi, Cheryl R McCreary, Feryal Saad, Richard Camicioli, Eric E Smith, Mariana P Bento, Richard Frayne","doi":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1487877","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1487877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are frequently observed on magnetic resonance (MR) images in older adults, commonly appearing as areas of high signal intensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR scans. Elevated WMH volumes are associated with a greater risk of dementia and stroke, even after accounting for vascular risk factors. Manual segmentation, while considered the ground truth, is both labor-intensive and time-consuming, limiting the generation of annotated WMH datasets. Un-annotated data are relatively available; however, the requirement of annotated data poses a challenge for developing supervised machine learning models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this challenge, we implemented a multi-stage semi-supervised learning (M3SL) approach that first uses un-annotated data segmented by traditional processing methods (\"bronze\" and \"silver\" quality data) and then uses a smaller number of \"gold\"-standard annotations for model refinement. The M3SL approach enabled fine-tuning of the model weights with the gold-standard annotations. This approach was integrated into the training of a U-Net model for WMH segmentation. We used data from three scanner vendors (over more than five scanners) and from both cognitively normal (CN) adult and patients cohorts [with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD)].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An analysis of WMH segmentation performance across both scanner and clinical stage (CN, MCI, AD) factors was conducted. We compared our results to both conventional and transfer-learning deep learning methods and observed better generalization with M3SL across different datasets. We evaluated several metrics (<i>F</i>-measure, <i>IoU</i>, and Hausdorff distance) and found significant improvements with our method compared to conventional (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and transfer-learning (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that automated, non-machine learning, tools have a role in a multi-stage learning framework and can reduce the impact of limited annotated data and, thus, enhance model performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12363,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1487877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-centric automated approach to predict autism spectrum disorder based on selective features and explainable artificial intelligence.","authors":"Asma Aldrees, Stephen Ojo, James Wanliss, Muhammad Umer, Muhammad Attique Khan, Bayan Alabdullah, Shtwai Alsubai, Nisreen Innab","doi":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1489463","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncom.2024.1489463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by notable challenges in cognitive function, understanding language, recognizing objects, interacting with others, and communicating effectively. Its origins are mainly genetic, and identifying it early and intervening promptly can reduce the necessity for extensive medical treatments and lengthy diagnostic procedures for those impacted by ASD. This research is designed with two types of experimentation for ASD analysis. In the first set of experiments, authors utilized three feature engineering techniques (Chi-square, backward feature elimination, and PCA) with multiple machine learning models for autism presence prediction in toddlers. The proposed XGBoost 2.0 obtained 99% accuracy, F1 score, and recall with 98% precision with chi-square significant features. In the second scenario, main focus shifts to identifying tailored educational methods for children with ASD through the assessment of their behavioral, verbal, and physical responses. Again, the proposed approach performs well with 99% accuracy, F1 score, recall, and precision. In this research, cross-validation technique is also implemented to check the stability of the proposed model along with the comparison of previously published research works to show the significance of the proposed model. This study aims to develop personalized educational strategies for individuals with ASD using machine learning techniques to meet their specific needs better.</p>","PeriodicalId":12363,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1489463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}