Fortschritte Der Neurologie Psychiatrie最新文献

{"title":"[Ofatumumab in the treatment of multiple sclerosis - A summary of preclinical and clinical data].","authors":"Juliane Klehmet, Tobias Bopp","doi":"10.1055/a-2365-0966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2365-0966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>  B-cell targeted therapies are highly effective in multiple sclerosis (MS). Most of these therapies are administered intravenously at long intervals. Ofatumumab, an anti-CD20 antibody that is administered subcutaneously at low doses on a monthly basis due to its high affinity to the target structure, became available for the treatment of MS in 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>  An overview of practice-relevant immunological and clinical data on ofatumumab is provided.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>  The high affinity of ofatumumab to the target structure allows low dose and low volume administration, with the release and absorption profile after subcutaneous application allowing for high concentrations in the lymph nodes and gradual depletion of B-cells. Rapid onset of action is achieved as well as B-cell repletion within a few months in case of discontinuation of therapy. Long-term data show stable IgG levels over up to four years and high efficacy with respect to relapse rate, progression, and cognition. According to current study data, the effect compared to teriflunomide is greater the earlier therapy is initiated. Ofatumumab has a specific B-cell depletion pattern. CD20 expressing B-cell progenitor cells in the bone marrow are preserved and therefore also the inducibility and differentiation of plasma cells. The formation of a humoral immunological memory is therefore possible. Four-year study data showed no abnormalities in the rate of severe infections or malignancies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>  Ofatumumab is an innovative B-cell targeted therapy. It is highly effective with a good safety and tolerability profile, well controllable and maintains immunocompetence against pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12353,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte Der Neurologie Psychiatrie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Institutional and patient-related factors influencing the frequency of restraint in a general psychiatric acute care unit].","authors":"Miriam Paetzold, Kathrin Kuhr, Fritz-Georg Lehnhardt","doi":"10.1055/a-2365-0878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2365-0878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Valid knowledge about risk stratification is essential for the development of preventive approaches to reduce restraints.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>  This retrospective, monocentric study examined all 248 restraining measures used on 79 patients of a university psychiatric department in 2015. Eight institutional and seven patient-related factors were statistically calculated using logistic regression analysis and matched pairs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant increased probability of fixation was found in connection with a lower number of nurses per patient, a higher number of patients admitted by law, lower professional experience of nurses and in the nursing late shift as well as when admission occurred via emergency medical service.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results, possible preventive organizational measures are elaborated and preconditions for a prospective evaluation of the complex factors influencing coercive measures are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12353,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte Der Neurologie Psychiatrie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of (Potentially) Traumatizing Deployments and Posttraumatic Stress in Police Officers: An Exploratory Survey of Early Career Police Officers.","authors":"Lena Posch, Anna-Lena Zube","doi":"10.1055/a-2351-2533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2351-2533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As part of their career, police officers are faced with traumatic events on a regular basis and are at a higher risk of developing post-traumatic-stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the general population. The aim of this study was to examine if and how many early career police officers had already experienced potentially traumatizing situations and how many met either subsyndromal or complete PTSD criteria. A further subject of interest was if the officers knew the concept of psychosocial emergency care for first responders (PSNV-E) and if such support was made use of.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Early career police officers (<i>n</i>=221) were assessed via an online survey about their posttraumatic stress symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than half of the participants (<i>n</i>=121) reported having experienced at least one traumatic deployment. PTSD prevalence in this group was at 1.7%, an additional 14.9% showed partial PTSD. One-fifth did not know about the PSNV-E concept.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Police officers are confronted with a range of extremely stressful events early in their career leading to first symptoms of PTSD in some of them. Early prevention strategies as well as the identification of those affected for secondary prevention is of very high relevance for long-term mental health.</p><p><strong>Hintergrund: </strong>Polizeibeamt:innen werden in ihrer beruflichen Karriere oft mit traumatischen Einsätzen konfrontiert und weisen im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung ein erhöhtes Risiko eine posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) zu entwickeln auf. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war, zu untersuchen, ob und wie häufig Berufsanfänger:innen der Polizei bereits (potenziell) traumatische Einsätze erlebt haben und wie häufig eine PTBS oder eine subsyndromale Ausprägung der PTBS vorliegt. Ferner war von Interesse, ob ihnen das Konzeptzur psychosozialen Notfallversorgung für Einsatzkräfte (PSNV-E) bekannt ist und ob diese Angebote in Anspruch genommen werden.</p><p><strong>Methode: </strong><i>N</i>=221 Berufsanfänger:innen der Polizei wurden im Rahmen einer Online-Befragung zum Erleben potenziell traumatischer Einsätze befragt. Zudem wurde mit der PCL-5 das Ausmaß posttraumatischer Belastungssymptome erhoben.</p><p><strong>Ergebnisse: </strong>Über die Hälfte der Befragten (<i>n</i>=121) hatte mindestens einen (potenziell) traumatischen Einsatz erlebt. Die PTBS-Prävalenz lag in dieser Gruppe bei 1,7%, weitere 14,9% wiesen eine partielle PTBS auf. Einem Fünftel der Befragten war das PSNV-E Konzept nicht bekannt.</p><p><strong>Schlussfolgerung: </strong>Bereits in den ersten Berufsjahren sind Polizeibeamt:innen mit extrem belastenden Einsätzen konfrontiert, woraufhin ein Teil von ihnen erste Anzeichen einer PTBS aufweist. Frühe Präventionsmaßnahmen sowie Identifikation von Betroffenen zur sekundären Prävention sind von hoher Relevanz für die langfristige Gesunderhaltung.</p>","PeriodicalId":12353,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte Der Neurologie Psychiatrie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Digitalization in Migraine Therapy].","authors":"Diana Lindner, Dagny Holle-Lee, Armin Scheffler","doi":"10.1055/a-2314-2960","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2314-2960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digitalization is a commonly used keyword in medicine and also in the area of migraine and its therapy. However, digitalization should not be an end in itself, but should improve the treatment of patients and make the work of practitioners easier. This article summarizes the use of e-health applications for migraine medicine, today and in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12353,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte Der Neurologie Psychiatrie","volume":" ","pages":"289-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A Lot is Happening in Migraine and Headache Therapy!]","authors":"Dagny Holle-Lee, Claudia Sommer","doi":"10.1055/a-2315-2100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2315-2100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12353,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte Der Neurologie Psychiatrie","volume":"92 7-08","pages":"266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Migraine and psychosomatic comorbidity].","authors":"Ruth Ruscheweyh, Nadine Lehnen, Peter Henningsen","doi":"10.1055/a-2331-0840","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2331-0840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a common neurological disorder (10-15% of the population), migraine is associated with numerous comorbidities, particularly other pain syndromes, mental illnesses and functional disorders. These 'psychosomatic' comorbidities increase with migraine severity. Severely affected, comorbid patients also often have a poorer response to specific migraine therapy. Interestingly, migraine and the comorbidities mentioned have a number of common aetiological or facilitating factors, e.g. genetic factors, and show a higher incidence in women and in people with previous traumatic experiences, as well as (in the case of pain syndromes) signs of central sensitization. Another common feature is the association with current or chronic stress. We propose an extended diathesis-stress model that takes into account interrelated but individually different vulnerabilities and, depending on the stress experience, can depict both the occurrence of individual disorders (e.g. an isolated migraine) and the joint occurrence of migraine with other pain syndromes and other psychosomatic comorbidities. In summary, psychosomatic comorbidities should always be kept in mind in migraine therapy and, if necessary, treated early and multimodally.</p>","PeriodicalId":12353,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte Der Neurologie Psychiatrie","volume":" ","pages":"304-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Acute Therapy of Migraine: What is new?]","authors":"Axel Heinze, Katja Heinze-Kuhn, Hartmut Göbel, Carl H Göbel","doi":"10.1055/a-2331-0716","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2331-0716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The landscape of acute migraine medication has changed fundamentally in recent years. It has been a gradual, often unnoticed process characterized less by spectacular introduction of new substances than by changes in patients' access to medications and individualized selection of treatment adapted to the patients' needs. Four triptans are now available over-the-counter in Germany which has a major influence on self-medication. The main new introduction was the 5HT1F-agonist lasmiditan as an alternative to triptans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12353,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte Der Neurologie Psychiatrie","volume":" ","pages":"283-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Medication overuse headache].","authors":"Steffen Naegel","doi":"10.1055/a-2332-5973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2332-5973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a globally prevalent and debilitating condition that results from excessive use of acute therapies and can significantly affect quality of life, despite the fact that simple information about the causes and consequences of the condition can help prevent or stop MOH. In recent years, many new insights have been gained into headaches caused by medication overuse. In addition, the diagnostic criteria and guideline recommendations have changed considerably. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the clinic, definition/classification, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, controversies, prevention, and treatment of MOH.</p>","PeriodicalId":12353,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte Der Neurologie Psychiatrie","volume":"92 7-08","pages":"298-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[CGRP: from neuropeptide to the therapeutic target (background and pathophysiology)].","authors":"Katharina Kamm","doi":"10.1055/a-2331-0783","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2331-0783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a pivotal role in migraine pathophysiology. The importance of CGRP in migraine became evident from numerous clinical studies investigating CGRP levels both interictally and ictally and reports on the efficacy of CGRP-based migraine therapies. In this paper, the above mentioned studies will be presented and the reader will be introduced to the development of CGRP-based medication. Finally, current study results on CGRP receptor antagonists, the so-called gepants, will be presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":12353,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte Der Neurologie Psychiatrie","volume":"92 7-08","pages":"267-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Acute Treatment Of Schizophrenia].","authors":"Aslihan Aksar, Alkomiet Hasan","doi":"10.1055/a-2256-4976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2256-4976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia is one of the most common, most severe and most costly mental illnesses in adults. In the acute phase, sufferers usually experience massive anxiety and a high level of distress due to their altered perception. If the symptoms are severe, psychiatric emergencies can arise. The earliest possible antipsychotic treatment, which is felt to be appropriate by those affected, is essential for acute treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12353,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte Der Neurologie Psychiatrie","volume":"92 7-08","pages":"310-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}