Folia microbiologica最新文献

{"title":"Microbiome-based approaches to personalized nutrition: from gut health to disease prevention.","authors":"Parveen Nisa, Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi, Priyobrata Sinha","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01337-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01337-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A complex community of trillions of microorganisms, the human gut microbiome has become a major regulator of health, impacting immune system function, metabolism, digestion, and even brain activity. Recent findings demonstrate how the microbiota is significantly shaped by diet and how the microbiome in turn influences how each person reacts to nutrition. In order to promote disease prevention and long-term health outcomes, this review examines how microbiome-driven approaches are transforming personalized nutrition by going beyond traditional dietary models. The review addresses how dietary elements like fibre, polyphenols, prebiotics, and fermented foods support metabolic activity and microbial diversity. It also discusses the connections between microbial imbalances, or dysbiosis, and illnesses like diabetes, obesity, heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and mental health issues. Personalized dietary recommendations based on individual microbiome profiles are becoming more and more possible with the development of high-throughput sequencing, machine learning, and multi-omics tools. Aside from addressing ethical concerns like data protection, affordability, and fair access to individualized interventions, the review also emphasizes the creation of customized probiotics and synbiotics that are made to fit the unique microbiome profiles of each individual. In the end, this review emphasizes how crucial it is to incorporate microbiome science into customized nutrition in order to support preventive healthcare and enhance clinical results.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse plant growth-promoting bacteria as microsymbionts in nodules of Leucaena leucocephala.","authors":"Gaurav Kumar, Anjali Chauhan, Shubham Sharma, Manisha Saini","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01341-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01341-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study characterized 18 endophytic bacterial isolates in association with the root nodules of Leucaena leucocephala through phenotypic and genotypic analyses. The endophytes were associated with the plants and exhibited diverse plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Phosphate solubilization was observed in 39% of isolates at high levels and 33.3% at moderate levels. Siderophore production was prevalent, with 38.9% displaying high and 33.3% moderate production, aiding iron uptake. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production varied (32.15 to 86.28 µg/ml) among the isolates. Notably, 94.4% of isolates showed positive hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production. Genetic diversity was assessed using the ARDRA clustered the isolates into eight morphotypes, whereas the phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences showed the presence of different genera including Rhizobium, Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Brucella, and Arthrobacter. On the other hand, these symbiotic endophytes are widely recognized for their mechanisms of plant growth promotion. Therefore, net house studies with rhizobial inoculation on L. leucocephala showed significant improvements in growth parameters such as shoot and root lengths, biomass, and nodulation, particularly with the strain Rhizobium sp. SoL9 (T3). Inoculation also enhanced soil properties, increasing nutrient availability and microbial populations. These endophytic bacterial isolates from L. leucocephala root nodules display genetic diversity and beneficial PGP traits, highlighting the potential for rhizobial biofertilization in enhancing plant development and soil fertility in legumes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of quercetin on the growth and biofilm formation of Leptospira interrogans.","authors":"Elumalai Rajalakshmi, Evangeline Seles J L, Anandkumar Balakrishnan, Kakithakara Vajravelu Leela, Mohandass Ramya","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01344-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01344-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptospira interrogans, the causative agent of leptospirosis, presents major challenges due to its ability to form environmental biofilms, persistent virulence, and emerging antimicrobial resistance. Plant-derived bioactive compounds offer promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics in targeting bacterial biofilms. This study investigates the antibiofilm and antimicrobial potential of quercetin, a plant-derived polyphenol, against L. interrogans. Quercetin significantly inhibited biofilm formation (91%), induced 44% biofilm dispersion at 500 µg/mL, and reduced viable cell counts by 92% at 1000 µg/mL compared to the untreated control. These effects were further validated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), which demonstrated reduction in the live cells in the presence of quercetin. The expression levels of key genes associated with virulence and biofilm regulation were assessed using quantitative RT-PCR, revealing downregulation of csrA and upregulation of lipL32 in quercetin-treated cells. Potential molecular interactions between several leptospiral proteins and quercetin were proven through AutoDock Vina and PyMOL. These findings highlight quercetin's potential as an anti-leptospiral agent for managing leptospiral biofilm formation and dispersions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flurbiprofen restores rifampicin and isoniazid sensitivity in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis putatively by inhibiting efflux pumps Rv0194 and Rv0933.","authors":"Padmasini Elango, Christy Rosaline Nirmal, Sam Ebenezer Rajadas, Rajkumar Ravi, Naresh Babu Chilamakuru, Azger Dusthackeer V N","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01319-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01319-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Asbtract: </strong>Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis remains a global health challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. Efflux pumps, including Rv0194 and Rv0933, contribute to Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance by actively extruding first-line drugs such as rifampicin and isoniazid. This study aimed to identify small-molecule inhibitors that target these pumps to restore drug susceptibility. Through in silico screening, six lead compounds were selected and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against ten MDR-TB clinical isolates. Among them, flurbiprofen and trichlorocarbinalide exhibited significant inhibitory effects, enhancing rifampicin and isoniazid activity in checkerboard synergy assays. These combinations reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations of both drugs, confirming their potential to reverse resistance. Cytotoxicity assessments of peripheral blood mononuclear and THP-1 cells demonstrated favourable safety profiles. Mechanistic studies revealed increased expression of Rv0194 and Rv0933 upon rifampicin and isoniazid exposure, underscoring their role in drug resistance. Flurbiprofen and trichlorocarbinalide may enhance intracellular drug retention by inhibiting these efflux pumps, improving therapeutic efficacy. However, trichlorocarbinalide did not restore rifampicin or isoniazid sensitivity as efficiently as flurbiprofen did. These findings highlight flurbiprofen as a promising efflux pump inhibitor that could potentiate standard TB treatments and counteract resistance. Further studies using diverse clinical isolates and in vivo models are needed to validate its therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and ketorolac inhibit urease activity and biofilm formation by uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis.","authors":"Afaf Eladl, Hisham A Abbas, Samar S Elbaramawi, Marwa Ibrahim Abd El-Hamid, Shaimaa I Nazeih","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01336-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01336-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteus mirabilis is a major bacterium responsible for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Urease enzyme has a great role in the pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis. Using urease, Proteus mirabilis can decompose urea to produce ammonia that increases urine pH and enhances crystal precipitation and crystalline biofilm formation. This leads to catheter blockage and pyelonephritis, respectively. Urease inhibitors are of great value in controlling this problem. Diclofenac sodium and ketorolac tromethamine, with their metal chelating activities, can inactivate urease by chelation of nickel ion in the active site of urease. This study investigated the ability of diclofenac sodium and ketorolac tromethamine to inhibit urease activity in Proteus mirabilis and crystalline biofilm formation. Diclofenac sodium and ketorolac tromethamine showed comparable activities against urease in cell lysates and whole cultures, with subsequent inhibition of pH increase and crystal formation in artificial urine. Diclofenac sodium showed higher biofilm inhibition and downregulation of urease genes ureR and ureC in RT-qPCR. The docking study showed the ability of both drugs to bind to urease enzyme and to chelate nickel ions in the active site of urease, suggesting that nickel chelation is the mode of inhibition of urease enzyme. In conclusion, diclofenac sodium and ketorolac tromethamine are two urease inhibitors that may be useful in treating Proteus mirabilis CAUTI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green biocatalysis: coconut fibre-immobilized laccase in efficient degradation of tannic acid.","authors":"Divya Sharma, Varsha Thadiyan, Reena Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01333-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01333-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study optimizes laccase production from Beauveria pseudobassiana PHF4 using response surface methodology (RSM), followed by enzyme immobilization on coconut fibres for tannic acid degradation. Central composite design identified optimal conditions (yeast extract concentration of 2.5% (w/v), pH 6.5, glucose concentration of 2.5% (w/v) and incubation time of 6.5 days), leading to a 2.26-fold increase in laccase activity (48.67 U/ml). The partially purified laccase was immobilized on coconut fibres, and effects of various physiochemical factors were studied. The optimal pH for both free and immobilized laccase was observed to be 5.0. The optimal temperature for free and immobilized laccase was found to be 25 °C and 30 °C, respectively. Additionally, the optimal substrate concentration was observed to be 2 mM for free laccase and 3 mM for immobilized laccase. Retention of 82.51% enzyme activity for free enzyme on the 16th day and 18.91% activity on the 20th day of storage was observed. For immobilized enzyme, 83.44% of activity was retained up to the 16th day, and 30.36% activity was observed on the 20th day of storage. The immobilized enzyme exhibited impressive reusability, retaining approximately 85.87% of enzyme activity over the course of 4 cycles. During HPLC analysis, 79.60% of tannic acid degradation was found after 24 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of riboflavin and roseoflavin, a structural analogue of riboflavin, on the growth of selected microbial isolates from human saliva using a riboflavin-free cultivation medium.","authors":"Nadja Schwendenmann, Sophie Burger, Leonie Steiner, Lars Seufert, Matthias Kohl, Matthias Mack, Markus Egert","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01317-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01317-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antivitamin roseoflavin (RoF) is a structural analogue and competitive inhibitor of riboflavin (RF, vitamin B₂). Stimulated by a recent report that cariogenic Streptococcus mutans is prototrophic for RF, we conducted pilot investigations on the effect of RF and RoF on the growth of selected microbial isolates from human saliva to lay a first foundation whether oral application of RoF might be suitable to modify the human oral microbiota for the sake of human health. Microbial isolates from saliva samples of 41 healthy volunteers were obtained and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Thirty different microbial isolates were investigated regarding growth promotion by RF and susceptibility to RoF using growth experiments. Isolates were grown in RF-free medium without supplements or supplemented with 100 µmol/L RF, 100 µmol/L RoF, or a combination of both, respectively. Absorbance (A) was measured before and after 24 h of incubation using a spectrophotometer. Log2-transformed absorbance data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Mainly the growth of gram-positive bacteria was affected by RF and RoF. Growth of 5 gram-positive species from the genera Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus was significantly reduced upon addition of RoF when compared to growth without any additives. Simultaneous administration of RF and RoF led to significantly reduced growth of at least 3 gram-positive species from the genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus when compared to growth with RF alone. Growth of cariogenic S. mutans was significantly enhanced by RF, and this effect was at least partly, but not significantly, reversed by supplementing the growth media with RoF. In agreement with previous investigations, our data suggests that gram-positive bacteria in the human oral cavity might be more affected by RoF than gram-negatives. Our future research aims at characterizing the inhibited bacteria, the underlying molecular mechanism(s), and the effect of RoF on the composition of the complex microbial community in the human oral cavity in more detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsule typing and clonal relationships of group B streptococci isolated from male patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection.","authors":"Suna Kızılyıldırım, Cansu Önlen Güneri, Tülay Kandemir","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01343-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01343-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a uropathogen capable of causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), although its role in male patients is not well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the capsule serotypes and clonal relationships of GBS strains isolated from male patients with urinary symptoms. A total of 69 GBS isolates from male patients admitted to Adana City Hospital were analyzed. Capsule serotypes were determined by multiplex PCR (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), and clonal relationships were assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (Bio-Rad, USA). The most common capsule serotypes identified were Ib (n = 28; 40.6%), V (n = 23; 33.3%), and III (n = 18; 26.1%). All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and vancomycin. Resistance rates were 69.5% for ciprofloxacin, 30.4% for erythromycin, 24.6% for clindamycin, and 11.5% for tetracycline. PFGE analysis revealed that two isolates from different patients, collected on separate dates, were 100% identical, indicating possible clonal spread. In conclusion, although GBS-related UTIs are uncommon in male patients, the data obtained in this study provide valuable insights for future epidemiological research on GBS in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage therapy and its role in cancer treatment and control.","authors":"Heba Ibrahim Abd El-Moaty, Ahmed S Doghish, Hebatallah Ahmed Mohamed Moustafa, Wagiha S Elkalla, Ghadir A Sayed, Nourhan H Elshami, Sherif S Abdel Mageed, Osama A Mohammed, Mahmoud A Elrebehy, Kareem AlFarsi, Amr M Abdelfatah, Aly M Waseem, Ahmed O Abdulkader, Rabab S Hamad, Akram N Salah","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01342-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01342-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is very dangerous and has a high death rate around the world. This rate is expected to rise even more in the next few years. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are two examples of current treatment choices. However, they have some problems, such as side effects, being less effective overall, being expensive, and not being widely available. A rising demand exists for alternative therapies that can specifically target cancer cells while minimizing adverse effects. Phage has a dual function as both a diagnostic and therapeutic instrument. This phage has the potential to serve as a suitable recombinant medicine, potentially replacing current labor-intensive, high-capital therapies that often lead to failure or severe adverse effects. Identifying tumor-homing peptides constitutes one of the most substantial hurdles. This therapeutic approach is crucial in tumor treatment, demonstrating remarkable precision and efficacy regardless of the target site. Phages, which target bacteria but not eukaryotic cells, have arisen as viable cancer therapies owing to their distinctive attributes, such as selectivity and simplicity of genetic modification. Engineered phages have the potential to revolutionize cancer therapy by selectively targeting malignant cells while preserving healthy ones. Bacteriophages are presently utilized extensively in several fields of science and medicine, with cancer therapy being the most compelling application. While challenges remain, especially in identifying the most effective tumor-targeting peptides, research increasingly supports the safety and effectiveness of phage-based therapies in cancer treatment. This review highlights recent progress and ongoing challenges in the use of phage therapy for cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early shifts in soil microbial community structure and functions upon application of a biofertilizer in a kaki (Diospyros kaki) orchard.","authors":"Patricia Vaz Jauri, Carla Silva, Adriana Montañez Massa","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01316-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01316-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofertilizers are key tools for sustainable agriculture and soil health Maintenance, yet their specific effects on soil functions and microbiota remain unclear. In order to address this, we aimed to evaluate how a biofertilizer alters soil microbial communities, physicochemical properties, and functions after 18 months of periodical use in a kaki monoculture. We found that the biofertilizer indirectly reshaped microbial community structure-especially bacterial diversity-likely through interactions with the native microbiome. Functional changes included increased microbial biomass, nitrogen mineralization, and dehydrogenase activity, with reduced acid phosphatase activity. The composition of bacterial and fungal communities exhibited significant differences between biofertilizer-treated soils and control soils across most evaluated taxonomic levels. Biodiversity was altered with biofertilizer application in bacterial communities, while fungal communities were less affected. Microbial co-occurrence networks differed between the two soil treatments, although a few patterns were consistent among treated and control soils. A novel contribution of this work is the integration of co-occurrence network analysis with microbial functional traits, revealing that core microbial networks linked to nitrogen and phosphate cycling persist despite disturbance. These findings highlight the role of microbial biodiversity and community assembly in sustaining soil functions under biofertilizer application.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}