Folia microbiologica最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the anticancer potential of genus Aerva as therapeutics for CLL (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia): from plant to patient.","authors":"Kinza Afzal, Nusrat Shafiq, Maryam Rashid, Shagufta Parveen","doi":"10.1007/s12223-026-01580-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-026-01580-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Aervacomprises diverse medicinal plant species traditionally used for various therapeutic purposes, yet their pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles remain largely uncharacterized. This study aimed to evaluate a library of 125 phytochemicals derived from Aerva species using comprehensive in silico approaches. Drug-likeness, ADME parameters, and toxicity profiles were assessed using SwissADME and ProTox-II platforms. Six compounds (AJ26, AJ30, AJ39, AJ43, AJ47, AJ55) exhibited optimal pharmacokinetic properties, including high gastrointestinal absorption, favorable lipophilicity (log P: 1.54-2.56), and acceptable water solubility. All selected compounds met multiple drug-likeness criteria and showed no PAINS alerts. Toxicity analysis revealed low risk for hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and immunotoxicity. Three GEO datasets (GSE22529, GSE26725 and GSE50006) were examined to investigate their therapeutic relevance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). 164 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were primarily associated with pathways of B-cell activation and immunity. The protein-protein interaction analysis identified the CD22, CD38, and CCR6 as strong hub genes, with CD22 had the highest diagnostic performance (average AUC = 0.939). Molecular docking showed that all the molecules showed good interactions with the corresponding receptors such as AJ26-CD38, AJ30-CD22 and AJ43-CCR6. These findings show that Aerva-derived compounds as interesting candidates for future preclinical development in phytochemical-based therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from nasal samples of horses.","authors":"Derya Karataş Yeni, Yavuzkan Paksoy, Aslı Balevi, Fatih Büyük, Asma Ashraf, Beatriz Padron, Emine Eda Toslak","doi":"10.1007/s12223-026-01578-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-026-01578-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Mannheimia genus, which is part of the upper respiratory tract microbiota, harbours species that have the potential to cause progressive infections, such as haemorrhagic septicaemia and enzootic pneumonia, when the host immune system is suppressed. Among these species, Mannheimia haemolytica is considered the most pathogenic, and horses can be a host for this agent. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Mannheimia haemolytica in horses with and without respiratory clinical signs and to assess the potential pathogenic significance of isolates recovered from animals through serotyping, detection of virulence-associated genes, and phylogenetic analysis. In this study, a total of 134 nasal swab samples were collected from horses reared in 15 farms in five provinces of Türkiye. Of these animals, 20 exhibited clinical signs of respiratory disease, while 114 were clinically healthy. All samples were analysed using cultural, phenotypic, and molecular methods for the detection of M. haemolytica. Ten (7.46%) isolates were identified as M. haemolytica by culture and subsequently confirmed by 16 S rDNA-PCR analysis. All M. haemolytica isolates were obtained exclusively from horses with clinical signs such as high fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, rhinorrhea, and coughing. Serotyping revealed that nine isolates belonged to Serotype 2 and one to Serotype 1. The leukotoxin (lkt) gene was detected in only one (11.11%) Serotype 2 isolate. Similarly, the Ssa-1 protein gene was detected in one Serotype 1 strain. One Serotype 2 isolate carrying the lktCABD operon clustered closely with leukotoxin-associated sequences of both M. haemolytica and M. glucosida, while remaining consistent with its independently established species identity. These findings indicate that M. haemolytica, including strains carrying virulence-associated markers, can be recovered from the upper respiratory tract of horses exhibiting respiratory disease. The exclusive recovery of M. haemolytica from clinically affected horses suggests a potential association with equine respiratory disease, although its causal role requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of microbial community in the startup process of a pilot biogas plant.","authors":"Franciele Natividade Luiz, Flaviane Eva Magrini, Giovanna Juliana Ghellere, Michel Rodrigo Zambrano Passarini, Igor Vinicius Machado Sophiatti, Ana Caroline de Lima, João Victor Pessoa Maia, Daiana Gotardo Martinez, Suelen Paesi","doi":"10.1007/s12223-026-01582-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-026-01582-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of biogas as a strategy for biotransforming large volumes of waste into bioenergy is one of the alternatives for reducing greenhouse gases. Metabarcoding analysis aims to understand the role of microbiota from the beginning of the process in the success of biogas production. This study compared microbial diversity and metabolic prediction in a pilot plant producing biogas for vehicular use, utilizing organic solid waste and customs-seized organic products, across the stationary phase (SP), initial phase (IP), and batch phase (BP). In 14 days of operation (IP), the daily production was 126 Nm³/day. In the BP, it reached 207 Nm³/day, with 65% methane recovery. The phyla Bacteroidota and Firmicutes predominated (47% in the BP) and were associated with hydrolysis and acidogenesis. DMER64 prevailed along with hydrogenotrophic archaea, Methanosarcina, and Candidatus Methanofastidiosum. Genes related to hydrogenotrophic metabolism and the reduction of CO₂ to CH₄ stood out during the initial period of operation. Factors such as the feeding regime and substrate composition may have influenced the bacterial community and the selection of specific archaeal genera, affecting the process. Understanding microbial communities in relation to physicochemical parameters can contribute to controlling the operation and efficiency of renewable energy production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptomyces as microbial biofactories: optimization of auxin production and growth-promoting activity of cell-free supernatants in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.).","authors":"Mariana V Franções, Luisa M Ramos, Juan Fernández, Beatriz Mendonça da Veiga, Eliane R Santarém, Leandro V Astarita","doi":"10.1007/s12223-026-01579-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-026-01579-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auxins are plant growth regulators, and Actinobacteria, particularly Streptomyces, can synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the most prevalent auxin, contributing to plant growth promotion. In this study, three auxin-producing Streptomyces isolates (CLV45, CLV104, and CLV194) were characterized, and auxin biosynthesis was evaluated under different cultivation conditions. Isolates were cultivated in ISP2 broth, and auxin-related compounds were quantified using the Salkowski assay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Isolates were assigned to the genus Streptomyces based on morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. All isolates produced auxin, albeit with distinct metabolic responses. A One Factor at a Time (OFAT) approach was used to identify favorable culture conditions for each isolate. CLV45 achieved maximal production (day 7, 182.3 µg mL⁻¹) with 0.05 g L⁻¹ L-tryptophan, 1% dextrose, and 0.5% peptone under 6 h of oxygen restriction; CLV104 showed the highest synthesis (day 7, 958.9 µg mL⁻¹) with 0.1 g L⁻¹ L-tryptophan, 0.5% glycerol, and 1% ammonium sulfate. For CLV194, no individual factor enhanced auxin production; its highest concentration (577 µg mL⁻¹) coincided with its natural production peak at day 5, rather than with any specific treatment. All auxin-containing supernatants promoted soybean root growth, enhancing root elongation by up to 136.3% relative to untreated control following treatment with CLV194 supernatant at 10 µg mL⁻¹, with no significant effect on shoot elongation. These findings demonstrate the capacity of Streptomyces isolates to produce high concentrations of auxin-like compounds under controlled cultivation and show that cell-free supernatants (CFS) can promote soybean seedling growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting plant-microbe interaction mechanisms for developing efficient biostimulants.","authors":"Payal Chakraborty, Bandana Bose, Deepika Sharma, Devendra Kumar Choudhary","doi":"10.1007/s12223-026-01575-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-026-01575-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diverse and often complex challenges arising from climate change, severe soil degradation and agricultural intensification due to increased use of synthetic agrochemicals, have exacerbated the need for sustainable agricultural systems that can sustain crop productivity with less reliance on agrochemicals. Plant microbe interactions really help in this transition as they influence plant growth, nutrient access, adaptation to stress, and defense against pathogens. Plants interact with many belowground microbes in the rhizosphere through an incredibly diverse set of root exudates that act as chemical cues for microbial community assembly, root colonization, nutrient cycling, and mutualistic relationships. So, the rhizosphere offers a heavily populated environment for co-evolutionary interactions among plants, microbes, and their environment that ultimately benefits plant health, soil productivity, and ecosystem sustainability. Although there have been tremendous advances in understanding the microbial component of plant microbe interactions, our mechanistic knowledge of how plants communicate with microbes, establish microbes in the root and adapt to diverse field environments has lagged behind. This discrepancy in current understanding has contributed to the ineffective use of microbial biofertilizers in agricultural systems and raises the need to revisit the fundamental mechanisms of plant microbe mutualisms to develop new biostimulants. In this review, we critically synthesize current understanding of rhizosphere communication and root exudate-mediated signalling mechanisms that promote beneficial plant microbe interactions, while examining the biological and technological challenges that affect their application in the field. We considered emerging strategies like microbial consortia, multi-omics techniques, synthetic biology and formulation technologies that aim to develop robust scalable field-validated microbial biostimulants for sustainable and climate-smart agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gut microbiota-miRNA axis in multiple sclerosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.","authors":"Farzaneh Rafie Sedaghat, Alka Hasani, Vahdat Poortahmasebi, Samaneh Hosseini, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Mehdi Meskini Heydarlou, Somayeh Ahmadi, Elham Mehdizadehfar, Yalda Sadeghpour, Roqaiyeh Hasani, Tohid Samadpour Zahmat-Dar","doi":"10.1007/s12223-026-01574-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-026-01574-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination, blood-brain barrier disruption, and progressive neurological disability. Increasing evidence identifies the gut microbiota (GM) as a key environmental factor in MS pathogenesis, with microbial dysbiosis contributing to immune dysregulation, impaired intestinal barrier integrity, and chronic systemic inflammation. At the same time, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal post-transcriptional regulators of immune responses, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Recent studies further indicate that the GM and host miRNAs engage in a dynamic bidirectional interaction, whereby microbial metabolites modulate host miRNA expression, while host-derived miRNAs influence microbial composition and function. This reciprocal crosstalk has emerged as an important mechanism linking intestinal homeostasis to central nervous system immunity and disease progression in MS. In this review, we comprehensively summarize current evidence on the GM-miRNA axis and its role in MS pathophysiology, highlighting the molecular mechanisms underlying host-microbiota communication and immune regulation. We also discuss emerging microbiota- and miRNA-targeted therapeutic strategies, including fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and miRNA-based therapeutics, as potential approaches for restoring immune homeostasis and attenuating neuroinflammation. Finally, we address current challenges, knowledge gaps, and future research directions required to translate these findings into clinical practice. A better understanding of the GM-miRNA axis may facilitate the development of novel biomarkers and personalized therapeutic strategies, ultimately shifting MS management from symptomatic treatment toward precision, disease-modifying interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyllanthus emblica as a prebiotic modulator of the gut-endocrine axis in polycystic ovary syndrome: a translational perspective on synbiotic therapeutics.","authors":"Renukadevi Jeyavelkumaran, Nimithasree Keerthivasan, Mridula Saravanan Dhanapal","doi":"10.1007/s12223-026-01577-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-026-01577-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and hyperandrogenism, with emerging evidence implicating gut microbiome dysbiosis in its pathogenesis. This review explores the therapeutic potential of Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) as a prebiotic scaffold within synbiotic systems targeting the gut-endocrine axis. Rich in polyphenols, vitamin C, and dietary fibers, Amla functions both as a microbial substrate and a bioactive modulator, promoting beneficial microbiota, enhancing short-chain fatty acid production, and regulating metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Mechanistically, synbiotic modulation improves intestinal barrier integrity, suppresses NF-κB-mediated inflammation, enhances insulin sensitivity, and restores hormonal balance, thereby improving ovarian function. Evidence from preclinical studies and indirect clinical investigations in metabolic disorders suggests that Phyllanthus emblica exhibits multi-target efficacy in modulating metabolic, endocrine, and immune pathways relevant to PCOS. However, direct clinical evidence from PCOS-specific human studies remains limited. From a translational perspective, Amla-based synbiotic formulations, particularly when integrated with advanced delivery systems, represent promising pharmacological candidates for microbiome-informed therapeutics. Overall, this systems-level framework highlights the therapeutic potential of Amla-driven synbiotics while emphasizing the need for well-designed randomized clinical trials to establish their efficacy and safety in women with PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148790193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary investigation of filamentous actinobacteria isolated from Algerian bee-collected pollen: diversity, characterization, and screening for extracellular enzyme production and antimicrobial activity.","authors":"Mohamed Mokhnache, Hani Belhadj, Beatrice Farda, Rihab Djebaili, Ahmed Mohamed Bachir Alien, Daoud Harzallah, Marika Pellegrini","doi":"10.1007/s12223-026-01576-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-026-01576-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actinobacteria, as one of the largest bacterial phyla, have the ability to produce various bioactive compounds with high biotechnological values, such as antibiotics and enzymes. This preliminary study aims to focus on the poorly studied diversity of actinobacteria associated with bee pollen and their antimicrobial and extracellular enzymatic activities. A total of 33 actinobacterial strains were isolated, morphologically and biochemically characterized, screened for extracellular enzyme production, examined with primary and secondary antimicrobial tests, and then clustered using UPGMA methods. The isolates formed six diversified clusters, with the majority producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, including proteases, amylases, and lipases. However, only five strains demonstrated antimicrobial activity in the primary screening. These five strains, namely A1, A6, A24, A27, and A28, were subsequently advanced to second screening for antimicrobial activity and identified by scanning electron microscopy and 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Streptomyces spp. The strain A6 exhibited the strongest antibacterial and antifungal effects against S. aureus ATCC 25,923, B. subtilis ATCC 6633, and C. albicans ATCC 10,231, with inhibition zones of 70 mm, 64 mm, and 36 mm, respectively. This study demonstrates that bee pollen represents a promising source of actinobacterial strains, which have potential antimicrobial and enzymatic activities and provide valuable bioactive compounds for use in medical, food, and agricultural applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148790210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond probiotics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus as a multi-target antagonist of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.","authors":"Weldson Ricardo Silva Gomes, Gessiane Dos Santos Souza, João Inácio Diniz Ferreira, Rafaella Coelho Oliveira, Marliete Carvalho da Costa, Camila Guerra Martinez","doi":"10.1007/s12223-026-01573-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-026-01573-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing failure of antimicrobial therapies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a major challenge in clinical practice, particularly in patients with chronic lung disease and critical illness. Beyond intrinsic and acquired resistance, biofilm formation and persister cell populations contribute to persistent and refractory infections, limiting the efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus has emerged as a source of bioactive compounds capable of interfering with multiple stages of P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. Its antimicrobial activity involves organic acid production, secretion of low-molecular-weight metabolites, enzymatic effects, and biosurfactant-mediated disruption of adhesion and biofilm formation. In addition, interactions with host epithelial cells indicate a role in modulating inflammatory responses and enhancing mucosal defenses. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) retain many of these properties and may represent a safer alternative to live probiotic administration. Despite consistent experimental evidence, key limitations remain, including variability in strain selection, lack of standardization of cell-free preparations, and incomplete characterization of active compounds. Clinical studies suggest potential benefits in reducing colonization and ventilator-associated pneumonia, although robust evidence is still limited. These findings support the potential role of L. rhamnosus as an adjunctive strategy in the management of P. aeruginosa infections, while highlighting the need for mechanistic standardization and clinical validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of bismuth hydroxide against hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli.","authors":"M E Del Cogliano, A Pinto, C I Rivero, A Bernal, R J Fernández-Brando, J Goldstein, L C S Ferreira, M S Palermo, L V Bentancor","doi":"10.1007/s12223-026-01571-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12223-026-01571-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major cause of foodborne disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a severe condition for which no specific therapies are currently available. The major virulence factor of STEC is Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), which is encoded by the Stx2-converting bacteriophage 933 W used in this study, and phage induction plays a central role in toxin release and disease progression.In this study, we evaluated the protective in vivo effects of bismuth hydroxide gel (BHOG), a low-cost gastrointestinal compound with previously described antimicrobial and anti-toxin activities, in a murine model of STEC infection driven by the Stx2-converting bacteriophage 933 W. Mice treated with BHOG showed significantly higher survival rates compared than untreated controls (P = 0.0115), together with preservation of renal function, evidenced by significantly lower blood urea nitrogen and plasma urea levels (P < 0.05). Histological analysis demonstrated significantly reduced intestinal and renal tissues damage in treated animals compared with untreated controls. Overall, our findings provide in vivo evidence supporting a protective effect of BHOG against Shiga toxin-mediated disease. This study suggests that bismuth-based compounds may represent a potential adjunct to, or an alternative strategy for, the management of STEC-associated disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148721182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}