Folia microbiologica最新文献

{"title":"Emerging contaminants in healthcare effluents: antibiotic resistance and virulence factor dissemination.","authors":"Jaya Malik, Zayera Naushad, Shilpy Singh, Dharmsheel Shrivastav, Ved Vrat Verma, Manoj Kumar Mishra, Ravi Kant Pal, Varun Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01356-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01356-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are a major concern for researchers, medical experts, and public healthcare workers. Healthcare organizations, particularly wastewater from hospitals, can pose a significant global health risk if wastewater treatment (WWT) strategies are inadequate or suboptimal. This review article focuses on antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and virulence factors found in microbial contaminants of hospital wastewater. In this review, we synthesize findings from a wide range of studies examining antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of microorganisms in hospital wastewater, highlighting the critical public health challenge posed by microbial contamination in healthcare environments. The rise of drug-resistant bacteria represents a severe threat to global health since ailments arising from these organisms are becoming more challenging to cure. Understanding the virulence mechanisms of the aforementioned diseases is essential for developing potent disease-effective prevention and counter-measure strategies. Analysis of hospital effluents reveals a variety of virulence factors, emphasizing the prospective health risks linked with wastewater pollution. The surrounding and societal influence on the well-being of hospital waste underscores the urgent need to develop and implement robust medical waste management and wastewater treatment protocols. This study reviews various treatment technologies aimed at mitigating antibiotic resistance in hospital wastewater, underscoring the importance of comprehensive approaches to curb the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. The insights provided are crucial for improving wastewater management practices to protect public health and prevent the widespread distribution of resistance to antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rta1 lipid transporter involved in aluminum and acid tolerance in Cryptococcus humicola.","authors":"Yong Li, Yanjie Mao, Yongjie Wu, Shiyi Chen, Kunzhi Li, Hongjuan Nian","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01358-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01358-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for crop growth in acidic soils worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to study Al-tolerance mechanisms. Cryptococcus humicola is a good candidate for Al-tolerance research due to its high ability for Al tolerance. qRT-CR analysis revealed that the expression of the RTA1 gene was upregulated approximately 18-fold in C. humicola under 50 mM Al stress. In this study, we investigated the role of the Rta1 lipid transport protein of C. humicola in acid and Al resistance. The Rta1 lipid transport protein was predicted to be a membrane protein with seven transmembrane structural domains, with low homology to other fungi but highly similar secondary structures. RTA1 mutant and transgenic yeast strains were constructed. Under normal conditions, the RTA1 mutant tended to aggregate into clusters compared with the wild type, but the clustering of the RTA1 mutant disappeared under Al stress. The growth of the RTA1 mutant and transgenic yeast on plates and in liquid culture medium revealed that the Rta1 lipid transporter protein could help C. humicola resist acidic and Al stress. After 50 mM Al treatment, the malondialdehyde content of the RTA1 mutant was greater than that of the wild type, suggesting that membrane lipid damage was more severe in the RTA1 mutant than in the wild type. The above results suggest that the Rta1 lipid transporter protein may affect cellular membrane function and thus lead to increased acid and Al tolerance in cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of extracts from rare saprobic fungi, Melanographium smilacis, Helminthosporium chiangraiense, Pleopunctum thailandicum, and Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense.","authors":"Sarunpron Khruengsai, Teerapong Sripahco, Prasat Kittakoop, Patcharee Pripdeevech","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01334-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01334-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Saprobic fungi remain underexplored sources of bioactive secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical potential. This study presents the first biological evaluation of four rarely studied species, Melanographium smilacis, Helminthosporium chiangraiense, Pleopunctum thailandicum, and Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, isolated from submerged plant material in northern Thailand. Crude ethyl acetate extracts were examined for antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis-related effects. All extracts exhibited dose-dependent DPPH scavenging ranging from 47 to 89%. The strongest activity was recorded for M. smilacis and P. thailandicum, both approaching the inhibition level of ascorbic acid. Cytotoxicity assays revealed selective viability reduction in A549 lung carcinoma cells, with up to 40% inhibition at higher concentrations, while NIH3T3 fibroblasts were largely unaffected, indicating limited toxicity toward non-malignant cells. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and ROS assays demonstrated oxidative stress and apoptotic features in A549 cells, particularly after treatment with M. smilacis and H. chiangraiense. Nevertheless, apoptosis induction remained quantitatively weak compared with the positive control, suggesting only preliminary pro-apoptotic potential. These findings suggest that the studied fungi harbor metabolites associated with antioxidant activity and selective cytotoxic effects. This work establishes a biological baseline for these taxa and highlights the need for bioactivity-guided fractionation, and mechanistic validation to determine their pharmacological relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, identification, and bioactivity evaluation of endophytic fungi from Ruta graveolens: insights into antimicrobial and antioxidant potential.","authors":"Qianyun Hao, Wei Wang, Yanlin He, Chaoyong Cui, Jing Du, Rui Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01351-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01351-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a comprehensive investigation of endophytic fungi isolated from Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae), evaluating the bioactivity of their extracts in terms of antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, along with preliminary mycochemical profiles. Twenty-seven isolates were identified using morphological and molecular identification (ITS-rDNA sequencing). Phylogenetic analysis classified them into Alternaria (66.7%, dominant in stems), Chaetomium (25.9%, prevalent in leaves), Achaetomium (3.7%), and Stagonosporopsis (3.7%) genera, demonstrating strong tissue specificity. Antibacterial screening (disk diffusion) of the fungal extracts revealed that 52% (14/27) were active; extracts of S4, S9, S20-2, and L11 showed inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition zones, 14.5-15.8 mm at 100 mg/mL), while L5, L10, and L11 extracts exhibited dual activity against both S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Antifungal assays of the extracts identified strains S22, L5, and L12 as effective against phytopathogens Alternaria alternata, Pyricularia grisea, and Curvularia lunata (inhibition rates, 54.2-67.5% at 1 mg/mL). Meanwhile, antioxidant evaluation of the extracts highlighted strain L11 for remarkable DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging (IC₅₀, 8 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL, respectively). Qualitative mycochemical analysis linked ubiquitous coumarins/phenols to broad antibacterial activity. Alkaloids uniquely correlated with E. coli inhibition (L5, L10, L11), while terpenoids/steroids (S9, S20-2) specifically enhanced anti-S. aureus activity. These findings underscore R. graveolens-associated endophytes as potential sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant metabolites, suggesting possible applications for pharmaceutical development and sustainable agricultural applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas spp. and antimicrobial resistance: unlocking new horizons with 1-hydroxyphenazine.","authors":"Khaled Abuelhaded, Hend H Mohamed, Ahmed Hassan Ibrahim Faraag, Mohamed Salah Basiouny, Mahmoud Abd El-Mongy, Osama A Mohammed, Ahmed S Doghish","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01355-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01355-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a mounting global health challenge projected to cause up to 10 million deaths annually by 2050. Despite advances in antibiotic discovery, the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens undermines modern medicine, threatening procedures such as surgery, chemotherapy, and organ transplantation. Conventional antibiotics face increasing limitations due to target-site mutations, efflux mechanisms, enzymatic degradation, and biofilm-associated tolerance, underscoring the urgent need for novel antimicrobial strategies. Phenazines, particularly 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-HP), represent promising alternatives owing to their redox activity, broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, and ecological roles in microbial competition. Recent advances highlight the potential of 1-HP as both a virulence factor and a therapeutic scaffold, with applications spanning agriculture, biotechnology, and medicine. Synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and nanocarrier-based delivery systems have enabled scalable production and reduced toxicity, while structural modifications such as halogenation have expanded therapeutic potential. This review consolidates historical, mechanistic, and translational insights into 1-HP, emphasizing its dual role as a pathogenic metabolite and a lead compound for future antimicrobial and anticancer development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer compounds from Streptomyces: insights from metagenomics and mechanistic perspective.","authors":"Muhanna Mohammed Al-Shaibani, Noraziah Mohamad Zin, Juwairiah Remali, Nik Marzuki Sidik, Nabil Ali Al-Mekhlafi, Vanitha Mariappan, Asif Sukri","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01332-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01332-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer continues to be a leading cause of death globally, driving the ongoing search for novel bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. Metagenomic sequencing has revolutionized this pursuit by enabling the direct detection and genomic assembly of previously uncultured Streptomyces species from environmental DNA, circumventing traditional cultivation limitations. This review explores recent advances in metagenomics-driven discovery of anticancer compounds derived from Streptomyces, with a focus on identifying biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for producing bioactive secondary metabolites. Over the past decade, metagenomic approaches have been adopted to uncover new species of Streptomyces and anticancer compounds. Although metagenomics has been adopted in research and discovery of new Streptomyces, its application in the discovery of Streptomyces-related pathways pertaining to anticancer compounds remains limited. Furthermore, clinical translation remains limited, highlighting the need for further research. By examining metagenomic methodologies and the mechanisms of action of these compounds, this review provides an updated and focused perspective on Streptomyces-derived anticancer agents and their potential for future drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabarcoding reveals unique rhizospheric microbiomes of Rhizophora in Indian Mangroves.","authors":"V Kavi Sidharthan, Ruby Patel, Muthuprasad Thiyaharajan, Charishma Krishnappa, Swapnendu Pattanaik, Aundy Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01340-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01340-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhizophora species are ecologically significant true mangroves with a broad tropical distribution. We examined the rhizospheric microbiomes of dominant Rhizophora species from two contrasting Indian mangrove ecosystems-Coringa and Pichavaram-using high-throughput metabarcoding. Soil properties differed significantly between sites: Pichavaram exhibited higher electrical conductivity (24.53 dS/m), organic carbon (1.70%), sodium (8811.86 ppm), sodium adsorption ratio (220.15), and exchangeable sodium percentage (64.27%), while Coringa soils showed higher pH (8.01). Sequencing generated 1.31, 1.24, and 1.22 million high-quality reads for archaea, bacteria, and fungi, respectively. Taxonomic profiling revealed Nitrososphaeria (62.3-91.9%), Gammaproteobacteria (16.8-25.1%), and Sordariomycetes (18.6-27.8%) as dominant classes. Core taxa across both sites included Candidatus Nitrosopumilus, Woeseia, and Aspergillus. Alpha diversity indices (Chao1, Shannon, Simpson) indicated significantly higher bacterial richness and evenness in R. apiculata at Coringa (P < 0.001), while archaeal and fungal diversity showed no marked differences. Beta diversity analysis (PCoA, PERMANOVA) revealed distinct community compositions between Coringa and Pichavaram, with stronger segregation in archaeal and bacterial assemblages than in fungi. Differential abundance analysis identified nine archaeal, fifty-nine bacterial, and three fungal genera enriched between sites, with methanogens (Methanosarcina, Methanocella) predominant in Coringa and halophiles (Halococcus, Haloferax) in Pichavaram. Redundancy analysis showed sodium adsorption ratio as the key determinant of microbial assemblages, while electrical conductivity significantly shaped archaeal and fungal communities. These findings provide the first baseline dataset of the Coringa rhizospheric microbiome and new insights into the microbial ecology of Indian mangroves, with implications for ecosystem functioning, methane emissions, and conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Glucan in antiviral defense: mechanisms, immune modulation, and therapeutic prospects.","authors":"Ali M Atoom, Waleed K Abdulsahib, S Renuka Jyothi, Priya Priyadarshini Nayak, Ashish Singh Chauhan, Siya Singla, Djamila Polatova, Fadhil Faez Sead, Farzaneh Yazdi","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01345-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01345-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-Glucans, naturally occurring β-D-glucose polysaccharides from fungi, yeast, bacteria, algae, and cereals, have emerged as promising immunomodulatory agents in antiviral defense. Their structural diversity-encompassing β-1,3, β-1,6, and β-1,4 linkages-underpins varied solubility, bioavailability, and biological activity, driving their therapeutic potential. Unlike conventional antivirals that target viral replication, β-glucans enhance host immunity by activating innate and adaptive responses through receptors such as dectin-1, toll-like receptors, and complement receptor 3, thereby stimulating macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells to produce antiviral cytokines (e.g., interferons, interleukins) and induce trained immunity for long-term protection. This review explores β-glucans's mechanisms in combating viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, HPV, HBV, influenza, and HIV, highlighting direct antiviral effects (e.g., inhibiting viral entry via sulfated derivatives), immune modulation (e.g., enhancing T-cell responses and antibody production), and inflammation control (e.g., mitigating cytokine storms). Preclinical and clinical evidence underscores their ability to reduce viral load, enhance vaccine efficacy, and support tissue repair, as seen in HPV-related lesions. β-Glucans also modulate the gut microbiota, bolstering mucosal immunity. Despite promising outcomes, challenges like structural heterogeneity and limited large-scale trials persist. This article outlines the therapeutic prospects of β-glucans, emphasizing their potential as safe and versatile adjuncts to address emerging viral threats and enhance global health resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"hMPV co-infections: Distinct immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications of viral and bacterial pathogenesis.","authors":"Syed Sib Tul Hassan Shah, Iqra Naeem, Nabeel Khalid Bhutta, Gao Han, Fatima Noor","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01354-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01354-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) co-infections with viral and bacterial pathogens are increasingly recognized as major contributors to severe respiratory disease, especially in children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. This review summarizes current knowledge of hMPV co-infections with respiratory viruses (e.g., hRSV, influenza, SARS-CoV-2) and bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae), highlighting both shared and distinct pathogenic pathways. Viral co-infections often intensify inflammation through prolonged replication and type I interferon (IFN) suppression, whereas bacterial co-infections exploit epithelial injury and mucin overproduction to enhance adhesion, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance. Converging mechanisms include epithelial disruption and IL-6/TNF-α-driven cytokine dysregulation, both of which contribute to worsened outcomes. A structured literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified studies on hMPV co-infections, immune responses, and clinical outcomes. The novelty of this review lies in its comparative perspective, distinguishing viral from bacterial interactions to clarify overlapping versus pathogen-specific mechanisms. Clinically, this distinction informs diagnostics, highlights gaps in therapeutic strategies, and emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to reduce the burden of severe hMPV-associated respiratory disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of continuous cropping on bacterial and fungal communities in Glehnia littoralis soil.","authors":"Zhengpu Rong, Jingqiao Zhao, Weihong Shi, Yuguang Zheng, Huigai Sun, Xiaoying Shang, Xiaowei Han","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01311-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01311-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhizosphere soil microorganisms are critical in the plant's growth and soil health. Continuous cropping had significant effects on rhizosphere soil microbial community. This study used Glehnia littoralis of 1-year (primary soil, FS), 2-year (continuous cropping soil, CS), and 0-year (Fallow, control soil, CK) soils as test materials, and used high-throughput sequencing technology to study the effects of continuous cropping on the composition, structure, and diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Glehnia littoralis. The results indicate that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria in the bacterial community decreased with the increase of the planting years, which may significantly reduce the microbial diversity and cause the negative effects of continuous cropping of G. littoralis; Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota were dominant phylum fungi. The α-diversity of fungi in CS was significantly lower than that in other treatments. This study also focuses on soil chemistry and enzymatic activity. pH value, urease activity, and total nitrogen content were higher in the continuous cropping soil. Redundancy analysis showed that soil nutrients, pH value, and urease activity had significant effects on soil fungal and bacterial communities. Significant correlations were detected between soil total nitrogen and urease, and between soil total phosphorus and total potassium. In conclusion, continuous cropping increases soil pH, total nitrogen, and urease activity; decreases fungal diversity; and decreases relative abundance of bacterial dominant bacteria. The interaction and mutual influence of these factors may be the main cause of continuous cropping obstacle of G. littoralis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}