Expert Review of VaccinesPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2025.2476523
Sol Kim, Hyolim Kang, Laura Skrip, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, Ausraful Islam, Sung-Mok Jung, Juan F Vesga, Akira Endo, W John Edmunds, Kaja Abbas
{"title":"Progress and challenges in Nipah vaccine development and licensure for epidemic preparedness and response.","authors":"Sol Kim, Hyolim Kang, Laura Skrip, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, Ausraful Islam, Sung-Mok Jung, Juan F Vesga, Akira Endo, W John Edmunds, Kaja Abbas","doi":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2476523","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2476523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nipah virus is a high-consequence pathogen that causes sporadic outbreaks with high mortality, and there are currently no vaccines or therapeutics available for Nipah. Vaccine development against Nipah faces challenges due to its current epidemiology with limited outbreak sizes, which impedes the feasibility of conducting vaccine efficacy trials focused on disease endpoints.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We review the progress of Nipah vaccine candidates in human clinical trials and highlight the challenges in evaluating the vaccine efficacy due to the sporadic nature of Nipah outbreaks, given the epidemic potential of Nipah virus and its implications for pandemic preparedness. We examine the alternative regulatory pathways, including the US FDA's Animal Rule and EMA's conditional marketing authorization, which permit vaccine approval based on surrogate markers rather than efficacy data from the large-scale Phase-3 efficacy trials. The need for standardized immune surrogate markers is emphasized, alongside calls for international collaboration to develop such endpoints and manage stockpile strategies.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>We recommend alignment among vaccine developers, regulators, and global health stakeholders to incentivize Nipah vaccine development and approval through alternative regulatory pathways, as well as ensuring epidemic preparedness via strategic vaccine stockpiling and response through targeted deployment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12326,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":"183-193"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Expert Review of VaccinesPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2025.2473328
Adam Finn, Nicole Guiso, Carl Heinz Wirsing von König, Federico Martinón-Torres, Arto A Palmu, Paolo Bonanni, Pierre Bakhache, Helena C Maltezou, Pierre Van Damme
{"title":"How to improve pertussis vaccination in pregnancy: a European expert review.","authors":"Adam Finn, Nicole Guiso, Carl Heinz Wirsing von König, Federico Martinón-Torres, Arto A Palmu, Paolo Bonanni, Pierre Bakhache, Helena C Maltezou, Pierre Van Damme","doi":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2473328","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2473328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pertussis vaccination in pregnancy is a safe and highly effective strategy to protect young infants against severe pertussis, but cases continue to occur. In November 2023, the authors of this paper met to discuss difficulties faced by pertussis vaccination programs in pregnant women in Europe, and the need and potential for new vaccines.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We summarize current pertussis epidemiology, the status of pertussis vaccination in pregnancy in Europe, followed by a summary of the meeting on benefits of pertussis-only vaccines and pertussis vaccines with improved immunogenicity, including a review of available vaccines.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Ongoing surveillance and registers documenting vaccine uptake in pregnant women are important to monitor changes in pertussis epidemiology and estimated effectiveness of maternal pertussis vaccination programs in individual countries. While current programs have been effective, Tdap or Tdap-IPV combined vaccines are not the ideal choice but are the only vaccines available for pertussis immunization in pregnancy in Europe. Pertussis-only vaccine would avoid exposing women to unnecessary tetanus and diphtheria boosters in every pregnancy. Recombinant pertussis vaccines with higher immunogenicity could prolong passive immune protection against pertussis in young infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12326,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":"175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Expert Review of VaccinesPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2436183
Ahuva Averin, Bennet Huebbe, Mark Atwood, Lea J Bayer, Caroline Lade, Christof von Eiff, Reiko Sato
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of bivalent respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F vaccine for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus among older adults in Germany.","authors":"Ahuva Averin, Bennet Huebbe, Mark Atwood, Lea J Bayer, Caroline Lade, Christof von Eiff, Reiko Sato","doi":"10.1080/14760584.2024.2436183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2024.2436183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Among older adults, lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is common. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of bivalent RSV prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVpreF) for prevention of RSV-LRTI among older adults in Germany.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A static cohort model was developed to estimate lifetime health and economic outcomes of RSV-LRTI among adults aged 60-99 years in Germany, with (vs. without) use of RSVpreF. Vaccine uptake ranged from 27% to 54%. Vaccine effectiveness was derived from trial data and was assumed to last over 3 years, with some waning, following vaccination. Base case analyses were conducted from the societal perspective (costs/benefits discounted 3% annually); sensitivity analyses also were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among adults aged 60-99 years (<i>N</i> = 25.3 M), RSVpreF prevented 117,360 cases of hospitalized RSV-LRTI, 100,433 cases of ambulatory RSV-LRTI, and 9,298 RSV-LRTI-related deaths over a lifetime horizon. With total overall costs higher by 1.8 € billion and 49,576 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained, cost-effectiveness of RSVpreF was 36,064 €/QALY. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, the mean cost-effectiveness ratio was 36,518 €/QALY; 925 of 1,000 replications yielded ratios <50,000 €/QALY.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RSVpreF has the potential to greatly reduce the public health and economic burden of RSV among older adults in Germany.</p>","PeriodicalId":12326,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Vaccines","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Expert Review of VaccinesPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2025.2458179
Alane Izu, Eleanora Aml Mutsaerts, Courtney Olwagen, Lisa Jose, Anthonet Koen, Amit J Nana, Clare L Cutland, Shabir A Madhi
{"title":"Serotype-specific serum immunoglobulin G at 18 months of age following one or two doses of a primary series of 10-valent or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and a booster dose at nine months of age: a randomized controlled study.","authors":"Alane Izu, Eleanora Aml Mutsaerts, Courtney Olwagen, Lisa Jose, Anthonet Koen, Amit J Nana, Clare L Cutland, Shabir A Madhi","doi":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2458179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2025.2458179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to high costs of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV), transitioning from a two (2 + 1) to a single dose (1 + 1) primary series with a booster should be considered. This study evaluated the immune response at 18 months of age following a 1 + 1 compared to a 2 + 1 schedule of 10-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) vaccines.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A single-center, open-label, randomized trial conducted in Soweto, South Africa, evaluated the immunogenicity of differing dosing schedule for PCV10 and PCV13. Six hundred children were randomly assigned to six study arms (1:1:1:1:1:1). Non-inferiority was concluded when the lower limit of the 96% confidence interval of the ratio of geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of the 1 + 1 and 2 + 1 schedules was >0.5 for at least 10 and eight of the PCV13 and PCV10 serotypes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GMCs in children who received the PCV13_6w + 1 and PCV13_14w + 1 schedule were non-inferior for 11 and 10 of the PCV13 serotypes, respectively, compared with the PCV13_2 + 1 arm. For PCV10, GMCs for both 1 + 1 schedules were non-inferior to a 2 + 1 schedule for nine of the PCV10 serotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transitioning to a 1 + 1 schedule should be considered for early immunization programs.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT02943902.</p>","PeriodicalId":12326,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Vaccines","volume":"24 1","pages":"121-127"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine (CHO cell) LYB001 as a heterologous booster following two- or three-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in adults aged ≥18 years: interim results of a randomized, active-controlled, double-blinded, phase 3 trial.","authors":"Bei-Fang Yang, Jing Jin, Xi-Ran He, Zhong-Hua Yang, Xiao'ai Qian, Ye-Qing Tong, Chang-Xian Ke, Zhao-Hong Li, Zhao-Xia Li, Lin-Feng Zhong, Ze-Hong Gan, Xian-Feng Zhang, Ying Zeng","doi":"10.1080/14760584.2024.2446288","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14760584.2024.2446288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>LYB001 is a recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine displaying a receptor-binding domain (RBD) in a highly immunogenic array on virus-like particles (VLPs). This study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of LYB001 as a booster.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>In this randomized, active-controlled, double-blinded, phase 3 trial, participants aged ≥ 18 years received a booster with LYB001 or ZF2001 (Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine). The primary endpoint was to compare the geometric mean titer (GMT) of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.4/5 at 14 days after the booster.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 1,200 participants aged ≥ 18 years were enrolled, 599 received LYB001, and 601 received ZF2001. Based on similar baseline level, the 14-day GMT ratio (LYB001/ZF2001) against Omicron BA.4/5 was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.25, 1.56), demonstrating superiority (95% CI lower limit > 1) of LYB001. The spike protein-binding IgG concentrations induced by LYB001 were significantly higher than those induced by ZF2001 on day 14 and day 28 after the booster (<i>p</i>-value <0.0001). LYB001 recipients reported more adverse reactions than ZF2001 recipients (21.4% vs. 15.0%); however, all adverse reactions in the LYB001 group were mild-to-moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LYB001 is highly immunogenic and retains a well-characterized safety profile in adults aged ≥ 18 years.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier is NCT05664932.</p>","PeriodicalId":12326,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Expert Review of VaccinesPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2025.2476535
Jon Kim Andrus, David N Durrheim
{"title":"A journey worth taking: global eradication of measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome.","authors":"Jon Kim Andrus, David N Durrheim","doi":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2476535","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2476535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12326,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":"173-174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Expert Review of VaccinesPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2025.2459751
Richard Voellmy, David C Bloom, Nuria Vilaboa
{"title":"Regulated microbe vaccines: from concept to (pre-clinical) reduction to practice.","authors":"Richard Voellmy, David C Bloom, Nuria Vilaboa","doi":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2459751","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2459751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vaccines to prevent important infections involving, e.g. influenza viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome-causing coronaviruses (e.g. SARS-CoV-2), respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) have remained insufficiently effective or are not available at all. Regulated microbes constitute novel vaccine platforms that may be employed for the development of more potent and/or more broadly effective vaccines.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We review the development and characterization of the vaccine potential of replication-competent controlled herpesviruses (RCCVs) which represent the first examples of regulated microbes used as vaccines.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The RCCVs developed to date are suitable for application to the skin and can be activated deliberately to replicate efficiently, but only transiently, in the administration site. Without activation, the RCCVs are incapable of replicating in the nervous system and elsewhere. The RCCVs were found to induce potent anti-herpetic immune responses in mice. Vaccination with RCCVs expressing an influenza virus hemagglutinin broadly protected animals against lethal influenza virus challenges. This protection appeared to be at least in part antibody-mediated. These findings support a rational expectation that RCCVs may be developed into universal, non-seasonal vaccines against influenza and, possibly, against other rapidly evolving pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12326,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":"146-156"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nhan Thi Ho, Igor Smolenov, Ly Thi Le Tran, Van Thu Nguyen, Van Thanh Ta, Thuong Vu Nguyen, Hung Ngoc Pham, Anh Thi Van Pham, Quang Chan Luong, Men Van Chu, Mai Thi Ngoc Dang, Toan Trong Nguyen, Vy Thi Tuong Le, Quang Vinh Trinh, Thang Van Nguyen, Anh Ngoc Nguyen, Ha Thai Pham, Giang Duc Dao, Carmen Baccarini, Ekpeno Nnah, Alia Hawkes, Suezanne Parker, Carole Verhoeven, Judd L Walson, Xuan-Hung Nguyen
{"title":"Safety profile of self-amplifying mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ARCT-154 in adults: a pooled phase 1/2/3 randomized clinical study.","authors":"Nhan Thi Ho, Igor Smolenov, Ly Thi Le Tran, Van Thu Nguyen, Van Thanh Ta, Thuong Vu Nguyen, Hung Ngoc Pham, Anh Thi Van Pham, Quang Chan Luong, Men Van Chu, Mai Thi Ngoc Dang, Toan Trong Nguyen, Vy Thi Tuong Le, Quang Vinh Trinh, Thang Van Nguyen, Anh Ngoc Nguyen, Ha Thai Pham, Giang Duc Dao, Carmen Baccarini, Ekpeno Nnah, Alia Hawkes, Suezanne Parker, Carole Verhoeven, Judd L Walson, Xuan-Hung Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2487542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2025.2487542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Public health concerns due to ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants necessitates further development of improved COVID-19 vaccines. One major innovation are self-amplifying mRNA vaccines such as ARCT-154 (Arcturus Therapeutics Inc.) which induces superior immunogenicity compared with conventional mRNA in terms of magnitude, breadth and persistence of neutralizing antibodies.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>In a pivotal placebo-controlled trial in Vietnam combining phase 1, 2 and 3 cohorts, over 17,000 adults received at least one dose of ARCT-154. Here we report the safety and reactogenicity observations made.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ARCT-154 elicited more local reactions than the saline placebo, most reports of injection site pain were mild/moderate with only a few reporting severe pain. Most frequent solicited adverse events were fatigue, myalgia, headache, arthralgia and chills. Solicited local and systemic reactogenicity resolved within 7 days. Long-term follow-up has not revealed any safety concerns, with no reports of myocarditis or pericarditis. Acceptable tolerability of ARCT-154 was also observed in older participants and in those liable to severe consequences of COVID-19 due to underlying medical conditions. No serious consequences occurred in several pregnancies reported after vaccination, with normal outcomes when followed to term.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Data from this large trial suggest that ARCT-154 is safe and well tolerated.</p>","PeriodicalId":12326,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frank van den Ouweland, Nicola Charpentier, Özlem Türeci, Ruben Rizzi, Claudia Lindemann, Federico Mensa
{"title":"A plain language summary of the available safety data for the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine: development, approval, and surveillance of use.","authors":"Frank van den Ouweland, Nicola Charpentier, Özlem Türeci, Ruben Rizzi, Claudia Lindemann, Federico Mensa","doi":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2480282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2025.2480282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12326,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Vaccines","volume":"24 1","pages":"261-266"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vaccination strategies for solid organ transplant candidates and recipients: insights and recommendations.","authors":"Christopher Radcliffe, Camille N Kotton","doi":"10.1080/14760584.2025.2489659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2025.2489659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vaccines save lives. They are integral to reducing the morbidity and mortality of vaccine preventable infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Pre-transplant vaccination provides a unique opportunity for administration of live, viral vaccines and enhanced vaccine efficacy, compared to the post-transplant period with decreased vaccine response due to immunosuppression.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We discuss a general approach to pre- and post-transplant vaccination in solid organ transplant candidates and recipients. We then review guideline statements and recent literature related to individual vaccines, including the recently developed respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. Travel and occupation-related vaccines are also discussed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The challenge of vaccination for immunocompromised patients expands as the prevalence of immunocompromised adults rises, and immunocompromised patients are frequently excluded from vaccine trials. In an age of vaccine hesitancy and reemerging vaccine preventable infections, well-powered, prospective studies are needed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of vaccines in solid organ transplant candidates and recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12326,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}