Virus-like particles: a versatile and effective vaccine platform.

IF 5.5 3区医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

Expert Review of Vaccines Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-22 DOI:10.1080/14760584.2025.2508517

Martin F Bachmann, Pierre van Damme, Florian Lienert, Tino F Schwarz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Traditional live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines have limitations, including risks associated with uncontrolled replication, reduced immunogenicity, or production complexities. To address these issues, alternative platforms such as virus-like particles (VLPs) have been developed.

Areas covered: VLPs are self-assembling structures composed of viral proteins that mimic native viruses but are noninfectious. This review provides an overview of their structure, design and manufacture that make them an attractive platform for vaccine development. We then discuss the clinical development of some recently approved VLP vaccines and those widely used in immunization programs, summarizing the clinical trial data that underpins their efficacy and safety profiles. Additionally, we explore VLP vaccines in late-stage clinical development for respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus.

Expert opinion: VLPs are a versatile and promising platform for vaccine development. Their ability to mimic native viruses while eliminating the risks associated with live vaccines positions them as an attractive platform for vaccine design. Currently approved VLP vaccines demonstrate that they can provide effective protection against a wide range of diseases. Advances in VLP design and production are likely to lead to highly effective vaccines, significantly contributing to global immunization efforts.

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病毒样颗粒：一个多功能和有效的疫苗平台。

传统的减毒活疫苗或灭活疫苗存在局限性，包括与不受控制的复制、免疫原性降低或生产复杂性相关的风险。为了解决这些问题，已经开发了诸如病毒样颗粒（vlp）之类的替代平台。涉及领域：vlp是由病毒蛋白组成的自组装结构，模仿原生病毒，但不具有传染性。这篇综述概述了它们的结构、设计和制造，使它们成为一个有吸引力的疫苗开发平台。然后，我们讨论了一些最近批准的VLP疫苗和那些广泛用于免疫规划的疫苗的临床发展，总结了支持其有效性和安全性的临床试验数据。此外，我们探索呼吸道合胞病毒和人偏肺病毒的VLP疫苗的后期临床开发。专家意见：VLPs是一个多功能和有前途的疫苗开发平台。它们能够模拟原生病毒，同时消除与活疫苗相关的风险，这使它们成为一个有吸引力的疫苗设计平台。目前批准的VLP疫苗表明，它们可以对多种疾病提供有效保护。VLP设计和生产方面的进展很可能导致高效疫苗的产生，为全球免疫工作作出重大贡献。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Expert Review of Vaccines 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

3.20%

发文量

136

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Expert Review of Vaccines (ISSN 1476-0584) provides expert commentary on the development, application, and clinical effectiveness of new vaccines. Coverage includes vaccine technology, vaccine adjuvants, prophylactic vaccines, therapeutic vaccines, AIDS vaccines and vaccines for defence against bioterrorism. All articles are subject to rigorous peer-review. The vaccine field has been transformed by recent technological advances, but there remain many challenges in the delivery of cost-effective, safe vaccines. Expert Review of Vaccines facilitates decision making to drive forward this exciting field.