F1000Research最新文献

{"title":"Esthetic preferences of orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons for Indian facial profiles: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Harshini Reddy, Ritesh Singla, Nishu Singla, Madhumitha Natarajan, Deepak Kumar Singhal","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.138742.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.138742.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Disparity in the esthetic perceptions between a patient and clinician could result in patient dissatisfaction with orthodontic treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the perceptions of a group of orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons about the attractiveness of Indian facial profiles. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, a male and a female participants' photographs and lateral cephalograms were digitally manipulated by inserting them into Dolphin software; we considered four soft tissue parameters at a nasolabial angle, upper lip E-line, lower lip E-line, and pg-pg', so that 20 profiles were created for each model. A visual analog scale (VAS) along with a question about surgical correction opinion was given to 18 orthodontists, 18 general dentists, and 18 laypersons to score (1-5) from least to most attractive. Spearman's rank correlation was computed to assess correlation, as well as ANOVA, followed by <i>post hoc</i> Tukey analysis to compare the mean scores, and Chi-square test to determine the opinion about surgical treatment. <b>Results:</b> There was an overall weak and negative correlation between the three groups, indicating that orthodontists attributed lower pleasantness scores to almost all the altered female and male facial profiles. Additionally, statistically significantly lower mean scores were attributed by orthodontists to many females and few male facial profiles. More orthodontists identified the need for surgical correction for a few severely distorted profiles but there was a statistically non-significant difference among the groups for most of the profiles. <b>Conclusions:</b> It was concluded that participants in the three groups had diverse concepts of facial attractiveness in all the parameters considered. Compared to general dentists and laypersons, orthodontists were much more precise, firmer, and meticulous in identifying a favorable or good-looking profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"953"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 lockdown and lifestyles: A narrative review.","authors":"Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy, Sohaila Cheema, Ahmad Al Mulla, Ravinder Mamtani","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.52535.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52535.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The primary objective worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had been controlling disease transmission. However, lockdown measures used to mitigate transmission affected human behavior and altered lifestyles, with a likely impact on chronic non-communicable diseases. More than a year into the pandemic, substantial peer-reviewed literature emerged on altered lifestyles following the varying lockdown measures imposed globally to control the virus spread. We explored the impact of lockdown measures on six lifestyle factors, namely diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, social connectedness, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, or other harmful substances.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We comprehensively searched PubMed and the World Health Organization's global literature database on COVID-19 and retrieved 649 relevant articles for the narrative review. A critical interpretative synthesis of the articles was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the articles included in the review identified the negative effect of lockdown measures on each of the lifestyle factors in many parts of the world. Encouraging lifestyle trends were also highlighted in a few articles. Such trends can positively influence the outcome of lifestyle-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The lockdown associated with COVID-19 has largely had a negative impact on the lifestyles of individuals and communities across many countries and cultures. However, some individuals and communities also initiated positive lifestyle-related behavioral changes. If the knowledge generated by studying the impact of COVID-19-related lockdowns on the six lifestyle factors is further consolidated, it could improve chronic disease outcomes. This will help better understand lifestyle behaviors amidst crises and assist in redesigning extreme public health measures such as lockdowns.. It is up to governments, communities, and healthcare/academic entities to derive benefit from lessons learned from the pandemic, with the ultimate objective of better educating and promoting healthy lifestyles among communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Semi)automated approaches to data extraction for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in social sciences: A living review.","authors":"Amanda Legate, Kim Nimon, Ashlee Noblin","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.151493.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.151493.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An abundance of rapidly accumulating scientific evidence presents novel opportunities for researchers and practitioners alike, yet such advantages are often overshadowed by resource demands associated with finding and aggregating a continually expanding body of scientific information. Data extraction activities associated with evidence synthesis have been described as time-consuming to the point of critically limiting the usefulness of research. Across social science disciplines, the use of automation technologies for timely and accurate knowledge synthesis can enhance research translation value, better inform key policy development, and expand the current understanding of human interactions, organizations, and systems. Ongoing developments surrounding automation are highly concentrated in research for evidence-based medicine with limited evidence surrounding tools and techniques applied outside of the clinical research community. The goal of the present study is to extend the automation knowledge base by synthesizing current trends in the application of extraction technologies of key data elements of interest for social scientists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report the baseline results of a living systematic review of automated data extraction techniques supporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the social sciences. This review follows PRISMA standards for reporting systematic reviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline review of social science research yielded 23 relevant studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When considering the process of automating systematic review and meta-analysis information extraction, social science research falls short as compared to clinical research that focuses on automatic processing of information related to the PICO framework. With a few exceptions, most tools were either in the infancy stage and not accessible to applied researchers, were domain specific, or required substantial manual coding of articles before automation could occur. Additionally, few solutions considered extraction of data from tables which is where key data elements reside that social and behavioral scientists analyze.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cheating and plagiarism in higher education institutions (HEIs): A literature review.","authors":"Md Sozon, Omar Hamdan Mohammad Alkharabsheh, Pok Wei Fong, Sia Bee Chuan","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.147140.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.147140.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cheating and plagiarism have become serious problems in higher education institutions (HEIs). It affects educational quality as well as the reputation of higher education. The purpose of this study is to identify the most prevalent types of cheating and plagiarism, as well as the elements that contribute to cheating and plagiarism, and to present solutions to this recurring problem. This paper systematically reviews 45 articles published from 2018, to 2022, aligned with the PRISMA guidelines in the selection, filtering, and reporting of the papers. This review shows that factors such as increased pressure on students, poor academic integrity awareness, lack of up-to-date academic honor codes, and the unethical application of AI tools are prime contributing factors to cheating and plagiarism in HEIs. In a broader sense, all these factors are classified as individual, social, cultural, institutional, and technological factors that are responsible for this problem. This problem can be reduced by establishing ethical and moral development tutorials as well as formulating up-to-date honor codes considering AI tools. Furthermore, higher education institutions must develop anti-plagiarism detection software in order to detect plagiarism and aid students in improving academic writing and paraphrasing approaches. The findings of this systematic literature review provide useful insights for educators and policymakers to solve the complicated issue of cheating and plagiarism in higher education institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccinations and their side effects: a scoping systematic review.","authors":"Hind Monadhel, Ayad Abbas, Athraa Mohammed","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.134171.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.134171.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The COVID-19 virus has impacted people worldwide, causing significant changes in their lifestyles. Since the emergence of the epidemic, attempts have begun to prepare a vaccine that can eliminate the virus and restore balance to life in the entire world. Over the past two years, countries and specialized companies have competed to obtain a license from the World Health Organization for the vaccines that were discovered. After the appearance of vaccines in the health community, comparisons and fears of their side effects began, but people don't get an answer to the question of which is the best vaccine. <b>Methods:</b> IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, the New England Journal of Medicine, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases were searched for literature on the COVID-19 vaccine and its side effects. we surveyed the literature on the COVID-19 vaccine's side effects and the sorts of side effects observed after vaccination. Depending on data from the literature, we compared these vaccines in terms of side effects, then we analyzed the gaps and obstacles of previous studies and made proposals to process these gaps in future studies. <b>Results:</b> Overall, 17 studies were included in this scoping systematic review as they fulfilled the criteria specified, the majority of which were cross-sectional and retrospective cross-sectional studies. Most of the side effects were mild, self-limiting, and common. Thus, they usually resolve within 1-3 days after vaccination. Factors associated with higher side effects included advanced age, allergic conditions, those taking other medications (particularly immunosuppressive ones), those with a history of type II diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, COVID-19 infection, and female sex. Our meta-analyses also found that mRNA vaccines looked to be more effective, while inactivated vaccinations had fewer side effects. <b>Conclusion:</b> This review shows that the COVID-19 vaccine is safe to administer and induces protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post kidney transplant hematologic abnormalities and association of post-transplant anemia with graft function.","authors":"Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Shreya Jayaram, Shilna Muttickal Swaminathan, Ravindra Prabhu Attur, Dharshan Rangaswamy, Indu Ramachandra Rao, Mohan V Bhojaraja, Srinivas Vinayak Shenoy, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.144124.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.144124.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haematological abnormalities following renal transplantation are frequently observed and have a significant effect on survival and graft outcomes. The pattern of haematological abnormalities varies globally. Few studies have been conducted in Asian countries. We aimed to evaluate the patterns of haematological abnormalities in post-transplant recipients in our center during the first year after post-renal transplant and the association of post-transplant anemia with graft function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective study was conducted on renal transplantation recipients between 2014 and 2019. The study included all patients who received kidney transplants from live/cadaveric donors and had follow-up data collected up to 12 months after the transplant. The outcome studied was the prevalence of haematological abnormalities and the association between post-transplant anemia (PTA) and graft function in post-transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 106 renal transplant recipients were included in the study. The prevalence of PTA was 98% in the first week, 75% at one month, 35% at three months, 32% at six months, and 27% at 12 months. The other cytopenia cases were leukopenia (43.4%), thrombocytopenia (33.2%), and pancytopenia (15.1%). Post-transplant erythrocytosis was observed in 17.9% of patients. 18 patients with severe PTA in the first week of transplant had significant allograft dysfunction (p=0.04). Patients with and without PTA had similar graft functions at six and 12 months (p=0.50).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Haematological abnormalities are common in renal transplant recipients. PTA is highly prevalent during the first week and improves over time. Other haematological abnormalities observed were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, and post-transplant erythrocytosis. Leucopenia was primarily drug-induced, and thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia were frequently caused by infections in our cohort. Additionally, severe PTA was significantly associated with graft dysfunction in the first week post-transplant, whereas similar graft function was observed at 6 and 12 months post-transplant, irrespective of the presence or absence of PTA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretasi milenial Muhammad Shahrur tentang isu-isu perempuan.","authors":"Saifuddin Herlambang","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.125653.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.125653.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examines Muhammad Shahrur's theory of limits and women's issues. This theory adjusts the muhkamat verses to remain relevant to sociocultural conditions while remining within the jurisdiction of Allah SWT. Shahrur's approach conveyed women as different from traditional ulemas and controversial. Therefore, it is necessary to describe Shahrur's theory and interpretation of women's issues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an exploratory bibliographic study using descriptive-hermeneutic analysis. Two of Shahrur's books were selected and five chapters from  <i>Al-Kitāb wa Al-Qur'ān, Qirā'ah Mu'āshirah</i> and five chapters from  <i>Nahw Ushūl al-Jadīdah Li al-Fiqh al-Islāmy; Fiqh al-Mar'ah</i> .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Shahrur's interpretations on women's issues are: a) relationships between teenagers of the opposite sex without marriage or living together are \" <i>halal</i>\" if they follow their will without a contract and are accompanied by syecih, or permission; b) the maximum limit of the hijab is to cover the entire body except the face and palms. In contrast, the minimum limit covers the juyūb, including cleavage under the armpits, body parts, genitals, and buttocks. Apart from these, it does not include intimate parts and adapts to the community. c) Women's intimate parts are shown only to the seven groups: brothers, fathers, children of a sibling, parents of one's wives, and their children; d) Polygamy has both an upper limit and a lower limit. Shahrur allows polygamy under two conditions: widows with children whose husbands left them to protect them; polygamy has two limitations: a limit for quantity and a limit for quality; and e) the law of adultery has a lower and upper limit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to Shahrur, women's issues are divided into four limits: sometimes they are at the upper limit and sometimes at the lower limit. Shahrur's linguistic approach finally led him to draw the conclusion that the product of Islamic law is highly dependent on the sociocultural context.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in bacterial infections: contributions to diagnostic strategies in a tertiary care hospital in Tunisia.","authors":"Jihed Anoun, Mariem Ajmi, Salma Riahi, Yosra Dhaha, Donia Mbarki, Imen Ben Hassine, Wiem Romdhane, Wafa Baya, Najah Adaily, Anis Mzabi, Fatma Ben Fredj, Amina Bouattay","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.146952.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.146952.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial infections continue to pose a global health challenge, driven by antibiotic resistance and septicemia. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in bacterial infections versus non-infectious causes of inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study included 164 adult patients who were divided into two groups: a group of patients with confirmed bacterial infections and a second group of patients with other diagnoses (inflammatory pathologies, neoplasms, venous thromboembolic diseases, etc.). NLR and PLR values were compared between the bacterial infection group and the non-infectious causes group and the diagnostic performances of NLR and PLR for detecting bacterial infections were evaluated in comparison with other infection markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NLR and PLR were significantly higher in bacterial infections (p < 10 ^{^-6}), and NLR was correlated positively with inflammation markers. NLR and PLR demonstrated significant potential in diagnosing bacterial infections, with an AUC of 0.72 and 0.60, respectively, using the following cutoff values: 4.3 for NLR and 183 for PLR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of NLR and PLR as adjunctive tools for bacterial infection diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"978"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11408912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenome quality metrics and taxonomical annotation visualization through the integration of MAGFlow and BIgMAG.","authors":"Jeferyd Yepes-García, Laurent Falquet","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.152290.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.152290.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Building Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs) from highly complex metagenomics datasets encompasses a series of steps covering from cleaning the sequences, assembling them to finally group them into bins. Along the process, multiple tools aimed to assess the quality and integrity of each MAG are implemented. Nonetheless, even when incorporated within end-to-end pipelines, the outputs of these pieces of software must be visualized and analyzed manually lacking integration in a complete framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a Nextflow pipeline (MAGFlow) for estimating the quality of MAGs through a wide variety of approaches (BUSCO, CheckM2, GUNC and QUAST), as well as for annotating taxonomically the metagenomes using GTDB-Tk2. MAGFlow is coupled to a Python-Dash application (BIgMAG) that displays the concatenated outcomes from the tools included by MAGFlow, highlighting the most important metrics in a single interactive environment along with a comparison/clustering of the input data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By using MAGFlow/BIgMAG, the user will be able to benchmark the MAGs obtained through different workflows or establish the quality of the MAGs belonging to different samples following <i>the divide and rule</i> methodology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MAGFlow/BIgMAG represents a unique tool that integrates state-of-the-art tools to study different quality metrics and extract visually as much information as possible from a wide range of genome features.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11445639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals with gambling disorder in Indonesia: protocol for a pilot and feasibility study.","authors":"Kristiana Siste, Enjeline Hanafi, Belinda Julivia Murtani, Michael Baigent, Ben J Riley, Jayne Sessions, Lee Thung Sen, Hans Christian, Astria Aryani, Kevin Surya Kusuma","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.151009.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151009.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gambling disorder (GD) has become a wide concern in Indonesia, as many negative consequences arise from this psychiatric condition. Prompt treatment with an appropriate method of delivery is required to achieve optimal outcomes in GD patients. This protocol paper outlines a study to determine the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) in treating GD in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This non-randomized pilot and feasibility study will recruit 20 people with GD. All participants will receive the iCBT intervention through self-learning videos and guided weekly group sessions. The effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed at baseline (week 0), post- treatment completion (week 10), and 6 weeks post-treatment (week 16). The outcomes measured will be the change in gambling symptoms, gambling urges, cognitive distortions, readiness to change, emotional problems, and quality of life of the participants.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The feasibility of iCBT for GD patients in Indonesia will be assessed by this study. The study's results will give an indication of the acceptability of the intervention and the feasibility of a subsequent conclusive trial. The delivery of iCBT may help to address the issue of treatment access in an extensive geographical region and provide immediate implications as a treatment resource for GD in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11474144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}