Fems Microbiology Letters最新文献

Genomic insights into symbiosis and host adaptation of sponge-associated novel bacterium, Rossellomorea orangium sp. nov. 对与海绵相关的新型细菌 Rossellomorea orangium sp.

IF 2.2 4区生物学

Fems Microbiology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae074

Md Umar, Titus Susan Merlin, Sajeevan Thavarool Puthiyedathu

{"title":"Genomic insights into symbiosis and host adaptation of sponge-associated novel bacterium, Rossellomorea orangium sp. nov.","authors":"Md Umar, Titus Susan Merlin, Sajeevan Thavarool Puthiyedathu","doi":"10.1093/femsle/fnae074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnae074","url":null,"abstract":"Sponge-associated microorganisms play vital roles in marine sponge ecology. This study presents a genomic investigation of Rossellomorea sp. MCCB 382, isolated from Stelletta sp., reveals insights into its adaptations and symbiotic roles. Phylogenomic study and Overall Genomic Relatedness Index (OGRI) classify MCCB 382 as a novel species, Rossellomorea orangium sp. nov. The genome encodes numerous carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (CAZymes), likely aiding nutrient cycling in the sponge host. Unique eukaryotic-like protein domains hint at potential mechanisms of symbiosis. Defense mechanisms include CRISPR, restriction modification systems, DNA phosphorothioation, toxin-antitoxin systems, and heavy metal and multidrug resistance genes, indicating adaptation to challenging marine environments. Unlike obligate mutualists, MCCB 382 shows no genome reduction. Furthermore, the presence of mobile genetic elements, horizontal gene transfer, and prophages suggest genetic versatility, implying flexible metabolic potential and capacity for rapid adaptation and symbiosis shifts. MCCB 382 possesses six biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, including both type II and III polyketide synthases (PKS), terpenes, (NRPS), NRPS-independent-siderophore, and lassopeptide. Further genome mining using BiGScape revealed four distinct gene cluster families, T2PKS, NRPS-independent-siderophore, lasso peptide, and terpene, presenting opportunities for novel compound elucidation. Our study reveals a symbiotic lifestyle of MCCB 382 with the host sponge, highlighting symbiont factors that aid in establishing and sustaining this relationship. This is the pioneering genomic characterisation of a novel Rossellomorea sp. within the sponge Stelletta sp. holobiont.","PeriodicalId":12214,"journal":{"name":"Fems Microbiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Salinirarus marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., Haloplanus salilacus sp. nov., Haloplanus pelagicus sp. nov., Haloplanus halophilus sp. nov., Haloplanus halobius sp. nov., halophilic archaea isolated from commercial coarse salts with potential as starter cultures for salt-fermented foods. Salinirarus marinus gen.nov.，sp.nov.，Haloplanus salilacus sp.nov.，Haloplanus pelagicus sp.nov.，Haloplanus halophilus sp.nov.，Haloplanus halobius sp.nov.，从商业粗盐中分离的嗜卤古细菌，具有作为盐发酵食品启动培养物的潜力。

IF 2.2 4区生物学

Fems Microbiology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae075

Qing-Ke Zhang, Ling-Rui Zhu, Xin-Yue Dong, Xiao-Yan Yang, Jing Hou, Heng-Lin Cui

{"title":"Salinirarus marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., Haloplanus salilacus sp. nov., Haloplanus pelagicus sp. nov., Haloplanus halophilus sp. nov., Haloplanus halobius sp. nov., halophilic archaea isolated from commercial coarse salts with potential as starter cultures for salt-fermented foods.","authors":"Qing-Ke Zhang, Ling-Rui Zhu, Xin-Yue Dong, Xiao-Yan Yang, Jing Hou, Heng-Lin Cui","doi":"10.1093/femsle/fnae075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnae075","url":null,"abstract":"Five halophilic archaeal strains, XH8T, CK5-1T, GDY1T, HW8-1T, and XH21T, were isolated from commercial coarse salt produced in different regions of China. Their 16S rRNA and rpoB' gene sequences indicated that four of the strains (CK5-1T, GDY1T, HW8-1T, and XH21T) represent distinct species within the genus Haloplanus (family Haloferacaceae), while strain XH8T represents a novel genus within the same family. These assignments were supported by phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses, which showed that strains CK5-1T, GDY1T, HW8-1T, and XH21T cluster with the current species of the genus Haloplanus, while strain XH8T forms a separate branch from the genus Haloplanus. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity (AAI) values among these four strains and the current members of the genus Haloplanus were 23.1-35.2% and 75.9-83.8%, respectively; and those values between strain XH8T and other genera in the family Haloferacaceae were 18.8-33.6% and 59.8-66.6%, respectively, much lower than the threshold values for species demarcation. Strain XH8T may represent a novel genus of the family Haloferacaceae according to the cut-off value of AAI (≤72.1%) proposed to differentiate genera within the family Haloferacaceae. These five strains could be distinguished from the related species according to differential phenotypic characteristics. Based on these results, it is proposed that strain XH8T represents a novel genus within the family Haloferacaceae, and strains CK5-1T, GDY1T, HW8-1T, and XH21T represent four novel species of the genus Haloplanus, respectively. Additionally, these five strains possess genes encoding enzymes critical for the fermentation process in salt-fermented foods, indicating their potential as starter cultures for these applications.","PeriodicalId":12214,"journal":{"name":"Fems Microbiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isolation and characterization of a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infecting phage and its therapeutic use in mice 耐多药金黄色葡萄球菌感染噬菌体的分离和特性鉴定及其在小鼠中的治疗用途

IF 2.1 4区生物学

Fems Microbiology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae072

Zhen Xiao, Hongyi Xu, Juan Wang, Xueyuan Hu, Xiumei Huang, Shiping Song, Qingqing Zhang, Yanxin Liu, Yaopeng Liu, Na Liu, Junhui Liu, Ge Zhao, Xiyue Zhang, Yuehua Li, Jianmei Zhao, Junwei Wang, Huanqi Liu, Lin Wang, Zhina Qu

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infecting phage and its therapeutic use in mice","authors":"Zhen Xiao, Hongyi Xu, Juan Wang, Xueyuan Hu, Xiumei Huang, Shiping Song, Qingqing Zhang, Yanxin Liu, Yaopeng Liu, Na Liu, Junhui Liu, Ge Zhao, Xiyue Zhang, Yuehua Li, Jianmei Zhao, Junwei Wang, Huanqi Liu, Lin Wang, Zhina Qu","doi":"10.1093/femsle/fnae072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnae072","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has limited the selection of drugs for treating bacterial infections, reduced clinical efficacy, and increased treatment costs and mortality. It is urgent to find alternative antibiotics. In order to explore a new method for controlling methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) , this study isolated and purified a multi drug resistant S. aureus broad-spectrum phage JPL-50 from wastewater. JPL-50 belongs to the Siphoviridae family after morphological observation, biological characterization, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) fragmentation spectrum analysis. It can cleave 84% of tested S. aureus (168/200) , in which 100% of tested mastitis-associated strains (48/48) and 72.04% of MRSA strains (67/93) were lysed. In addition, it has an optimal growth temperature of about 30°C, a high activity within a wide pH range (pH 3–10) , and an optimal multiplicity of infection of 0.01. The one-step growth curve shows a latent time of 20 minutes, an explosive time of 80 minutes. JPL-50 was 16, 927 bp in length and was encoded by double-stranded DNA, with no genes associated with bacterial resistance or virulence factors detected. In a therapeutic study, injection of the phage JPL-50 once and for 7 times in 7 days protected 40% and 60% of the mice from fatal S.aureus infection, respectively. More importantly, JPL-50-doxycycline combination could effectively inhibit host S.aureus in vitro and reduce the use of doxycycline within 8 hours. In conclusion, the bacteriophage JPL-50 has a wide lysis spectrum, high lysis rate, high tolerance to extreme environments, and moderate in vivo activity, providing ideas for developing multidrug-resistant S. aureus infections.","PeriodicalId":12214,"journal":{"name":"Fems Microbiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organization, Conservation, and Diversity of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Bacillus sp. BH32 and Its Closest Relatives in the Bacillus cereus Group 蜡样芽孢杆菌 BH32 及其近亲中生物合成基因簇的组织、保存和多样性

IF 2.1 4区生物学

Fems Microbiology Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae071

Hadj Ahmed Belaouni, Amine Yekkour, Abdelghani Zitouni, Atika Meklat

引用次数: 0

Dynamic responses of Salmonella Typhimurium to re-exposure to sublethal ciprofloxacin 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对再次接触亚致死环丙沙星的动态反应

IF 2.1 4区生物学

Fems Microbiology Letters Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae050

Jiseok Yi, Junhwan Kim, Juhee Ahn

{"title":"Dynamic responses of Salmonella Typhimurium to re-exposure to sublethal ciprofloxacin","authors":"Jiseok Yi, Junhwan Kim, Juhee Ahn","doi":"10.1093/femsle/fnae050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnae050","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to evaluate the history-dependent behaviors of Salmonella Typhimurium re-exposed to sublethal levels of ciprofloxacin. The S. Typhimurium cells were pre-exposed to 0 (CON), 1/16 (LOW), 1/8 (MED), and 1/4 (HIGH) MICs of ciprofloxacin, followed by re-exposure to the same concentrations. The bacterial growth, post-antibiotic effect (PAE), relative fitness, and swimming motility of treatments were evaluated in the absence of ciprofloxacin. The lag phase duration (LPD) was estimate to assess bacterial recovery under ciprofloxacin exposure. A disk diffusion assay was used to determine the cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity of CON, LOW, MED, and HIGH treatments to ciprofloxacin (CIP), ceftriaxone (CEF), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GEN), and polymyxin B (POL). The S. Typhimurium cells pre-exposed to ciprofloxacin were susceptible in antibiotic-free media, showing delayed growth. The highest PAE (&gt; 1 h) and bacterial fluctuation (CV = 5%) were observed at the High treatment compared to the CON. The HIGH treatment had the lowest relative fitness levels (0.87) and swimming motility (55 mm). The LPD was significantly decreased at the LOW treatment (1.8 h) when re-exposed to 1/16× MIC of ciprofloxacin. The LOW, MED, and HIGH treatments showed the cross-resistance to POL and the collateral sensitivity to CEF, ERY, and GEN. The pre-exposure to ciprofloxacin could induce phenotypic diversity, corresponding to the history-dependent behaviors. These results provide important insights for the dynamic nature of bacterial populations when re-exposed to sublethal concentrations of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":12214,"journal":{"name":"Fems Microbiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of PetrifilmTM AC and Pour plate techniques used for the heterotrophic aerobic bacterial count in water 用于水中异养需氧细菌计数的 PetrifilmTM AC 与倒平板技术的比较

IF 2.1 4区生物学

Fems Microbiology Letters Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae029

Faith Mkhwanazi, Tshilidzi Mazibuko, Olivia Mosoma, Malefaso Rathebe, Mrudula Patel

{"title":"Comparison of PetrifilmTM AC and Pour plate techniques used for the heterotrophic aerobic bacterial count in water","authors":"Faith Mkhwanazi, Tshilidzi Mazibuko, Olivia Mosoma, Malefaso Rathebe, Mrudula Patel","doi":"10.1093/femsle/fnae029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnae029","url":null,"abstract":"Heterotrophic bacteria (HPC) are commonly found in water samples. While these bacterial counts do not necessarily indicate a health hazard, high counts provide a good indication of the efficiency of water disinfection and integrity of distribution systems. The aim of this study was to compare the PetrifimTM AC method to the Pour Plate technique for the testing of HPC in water samples. Artificially contaminated (192 samples) and natural water samples (25) were processed using two methods. Both methods accurately detected high, medium and low counts of HPC, producing average Z scores between -2 and + 2. Paired-wise student t-test and correlation coefficient showed nonsignificant differences between the results of two methods. Acceptable repeatability and reproducibility was obtained using both the methods. Uncertainty of measurement for PetrifilmTM AC and Pour Plate method was found to be 2.9% and 5.4% respectively. PetrifilmTM AC proved to be robust at 33 °C and 37 °C. In conclusion, PetrifimTM AC, which is easy to process, read and less time consuming, proved to be comparable to the conventional Pour Plate method in establishing HPC in water. In addition, PetrifimTM AC requires less space for the processing and incubation, generate small volume of waste for disposal and requires no equipment, except for the incubator.","PeriodicalId":12214,"journal":{"name":"Fems Microbiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deletion of yghZ in Escherichia coli promotes growth in presence of furfural with xylose as carbon source. 大肠杆菌中 yghZ 的缺失可促进以木糖为碳源的糠醛的生长。

IF 2.1 4区生物学

Fems Microbiology Letters Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae028

Bilal Jilani

{"title":"Deletion of yghZ in Escherichia coli promotes growth in presence of furfural with xylose as carbon source.","authors":"Bilal Jilani","doi":"10.1093/femsle/fnae028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnae028","url":null,"abstract":"Thermo-acidic pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is required to make it amenable to microbial metabolism and results in generation of furfural due to breakdown of pentose sugars. Furfural is toxic to microbial metabolism and results in reduced microbial productivity and increased production costs. This study asks if deletion of yghZ gene which encodes a NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase enzyme results in improved furfural tolerance in Escherichia coli host. The ∆yghZ strain-SSK201-was tested for tolerance to furfural in presence of 5% xylose as a carbon source in AM1 minimal medium. At 96 h and in presence of 1.0 g/L furfural, the culture harboring strain SSK201 displayed 4.5-fold higher biomass, 2-fold lower furfural concentration and 15.75-fold higher specific growth rate (µ) as compared to the parent strain SSK42. The furfural tolerance advantage of SSK201 was retained when the carbon source was switched to glucose in AM1 medium and was lost in rich LB medium. The findings have potential to be scaled up to a hydrolysate culture medium, which contains furan inhibitors and lack nutritionally rich components, under bioreactor cultivation and observe growth advantage of the ∆yghZ host. It harbors potential to generate robust industrial strains which can convert lignocellulosic carbon into metabolites of interest in a cost-efficient manner.","PeriodicalId":12214,"journal":{"name":"Fems Microbiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic insights into Spiroplasma endosymbionts that induce male-killing and protective phenotypes in the pea aphid. 从基因组学角度深入研究诱导豌豆蚜杀雄和保护表型的螺浆菌内共生体。

IF 2.1 4区生物学

Fems Microbiology Letters Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae027

Hiroshi Arai, Fabrice Legeai, Daisuke Kageyama, A. Sugio, Jean-Christophe Simon

{"title":"Genomic insights into Spiroplasma endosymbionts that induce male-killing and protective phenotypes in the pea aphid.","authors":"Hiroshi Arai, Fabrice Legeai, Daisuke Kageyama, A. Sugio, Jean-Christophe Simon","doi":"10.1093/femsle/fnae027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnae027","url":null,"abstract":"The endosymbiotic bacteria Spiroplasma (Mollicutes) infect diverse plants and arthropods, and some of which induce male killing, where male hosts are killed during development. Male-killing Spiroplasma strains belong to either the phylogenetically distant Citri-Poulsonii or Ixodetis groups. In Drosophila flies, Spiroplasma poulsonii induces male killing via the Spaid toxin. While Spiroplasma ixodetis infects a wide range of insects and arachnids, little is known about the genetic basis of S. ixodetis-induced male killing. Here, we analyzed the genome of S. ixodetis strains in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Aphididae, Hemiptera). Genome sequencing constructed a complete genome of a male-killing strain, sAp269, consisting of a 1.5 Mb circular chromosome and an 80 Kb plasmid. sAp269 encoded putative virulence factors containing either ankyrin repeat, ovarian tumor-like deubiquitinase, or ribosome inactivating protein domains, but lacked the Spaid toxin. Further comparative genomics of Spiroplasma strains in A. pisum biotypes adapted to different host plants revealed their phylogenetic associations and the diversity of putative virulence factors. Although the mechanisms of S. ixodetis-induced male killing in pea aphids remain elusive, this study underlines the dynamic genome evolution of S. ixodetis and proposes independent acquisition events of male-killing mechanisms in insects.","PeriodicalId":12214,"journal":{"name":"Fems Microbiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification and characterization of a novel type of ketohexokinase from the haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii 卤虫 Haloferax volcanii 中一种新型酮异酵素酶的鉴定和表征

IF 2.1 4区生物学

Fems Microbiology Letters Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae026

Marius Ortjohann, Peter Schönheit

引用次数: 0

Analysis of CRISPR-Cas loci distribution in Xanthomonas citri and its possible control by the quorum sensing system 分析柠檬黄单胞菌中 CRISPR-Cas 基因座的分布及其可能受法定量感应系统的控制

IF 2.1 4区生物学

Fems Microbiology Letters Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae005

Paula Maria Moreira Martins, Laís Moreira Granato, Túlio Morgan, Julia Lopes Nalin, Marco Aurélio Takita, Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini, Alessandra Alves de Souza

{"title":"Analysis of CRISPR-Cas loci distribution in Xanthomonas citri and its possible control by the quorum sensing system","authors":"Paula Maria Moreira Martins, Laís Moreira Granato, Túlio Morgan, Julia Lopes Nalin, Marco Aurélio Takita, Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini, Alessandra Alves de Souza","doi":"10.1093/femsle/fnae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnae005","url":null,"abstract":"Xanthomonas is an important genus of plant-associated bacteria that causes significant yield losses of economically important crops worldwide. Different approaches have assessed genetic diversity and evolutionary interrelationships among the Xanthomonas species. However, information from clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has yet to be explored. In this work, we analyzed the architecture of CRISPR-Cas loci and presented a sequence similarity-based clustering of conserved Cas proteins in different species of Xanthomonas. Although absent in many investigated genomes, Xanthomonas harbors subtype I-C and I-F CRISPR-Cas systems. The most represented species, Xanthomonas citri, presents a great diversity of genome sequences with an uneven distribution of CRISPR-Cas systems among the subspecies/pathovars. Only Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae have these systems, exclusively of subtype I-C system. Moreover, the most likely targets of the X. citri CRISPR spacers are viruses (phages). At the same time, few are plasmids, indicating that CRISPR/Cas system is possibly a mechanism to control the invasion of foreign DNA. We also showed in X. citri susbp. citri that the cas genes are regulated by the diffusible signal factor (DSF), the quorum sensing (QS) signal molecule, according to cell density increases, and under environmental stress like starvation. These results suggest that the regulation of CRISPR-Cas by QS occurs to activate the gene expression only during phage infection or due to environmental stresses, avoiding a possible reduction in fitness. Although more studies are needed, CRISPR-Cas systems may have been selected in the Xanthomonas genus throughout evolution, according to the cost-benefit of protecting against biological threats and fitness maintenance in challenging conditions.","PeriodicalId":12214,"journal":{"name":"Fems Microbiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139510140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0