Expert Review of Clinical Immunology最新文献_第4页

Mast cell activation disorders: mechanisms, comorbidities and look-alike. 肥大细胞活化障碍：机制、合并症和相似之处。

IF 4 3区医学

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2026.2699311

Theoharis C Theoharides, Duraisamy Kempuraj, Anne Maitland

{"title":"Mast cell activation disorders: mechanisms, comorbidities and look-alike.","authors":"Theoharis C Theoharides, Duraisamy Kempuraj, Anne Maitland","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2699311","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2699311","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mast Cells (MCs) are unique tissue perivascular immune cells found close to nerves at interfaces with the external environment. Upon detection of danger signals, MCs act as master responders aiming to restore homeostasis. If MCs are not optimally regulated, they can contribute to the pathogenesis of MC activation disorders (MCADs) and other neuroinflammatory conditions.Areas covered: MCs respond to chemical, infectious, physical and stress stimuli leading to release of hundreds of proinflammatory, neurotoxic, tissue-disrupting and vasoactive mediators, known as MCA. The release of MC mediators can occur via different mechanisms without always release of tryptase. Among MCADs, the criteria for diagnosing mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) require elevated serum tryptase or elevated urine MC mediator metabolites and/or multi-organ involvement. Patients with MCADs often present with comorbidities with suspected MCA or are mistaken for other conditions with similar symptomatology that worsen with stress, implicating neurohormonal processes. This review aims to clarify inconsistencies and misconceptions while providing practical suggestions for the clinician.Expert opinion: MCA is present in many conditions that do not qualify as MCADs. Research is needed to better define and regulate MCA, leading to more accurate diagnosis and effective inhibitors for the treatment of MCADs and related disorders.","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"767-787"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Our understanding of the interactions between immune cells and beta cells in the pancreas: autoimmune mechanisms leading to type 1 diabetes. 我们对胰腺免疫细胞和β细胞之间相互作用的理解：导致1型糖尿病的自身免疫机制。

IF 4 3区医学

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2026.2702447

Matthias von Herrath, Joana R N Lemos, Filip Krag Knop

{"title":"Our understanding of the interactions between immune cells and beta cells in the pancreas: autoimmune mechanisms leading to type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Matthias von Herrath, Joana R N Lemos, Filip Krag Knop","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2702447","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2702447","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has long been viewed as an immune-driven disease characterized by the destruction of otherwise healthy pancreatic beta cells. However, growing evidence indicates that beta cells may actively contribute to disease initiation. Intrinsic dysfunction - such as impaired protein processing, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neoantigen formation, and early upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I - could increase beta-cell immunogenicity and promote autoimmune recognition. This emerging paradigm has significant implications for prevention and therapeutic strategies.Areas covered: This review synthesizes experimental, translational, and clinical evidence supporting beta cell stress and dysfunction as central components of T1D pathogenesis. It examines intrinsic beta cell pathways, mechanisms of immune recognition, and therapeutic approaches aimed at preserving beta-cell integrity. These findings challenge the traditional immune-centric model and support a more integrated view of disease progression, emphasizing the interplay between beta cell vulnerability and immune activation.Expert opinion: Effective prevention will likely require combination strategies that address both beta cell stress and autoimmunity. Approaches integrating beta cell protective agents with antigen-specific tolerance therapies may delay or prevent progression when applied early. Stage-adapted interventions targeting both beta cell resilience and immune modulation may redefine T1D prevention and improve management of pre-symptomatic individuals.","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"731-740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cofactor functions of magnesium in complement activation and antimicrobial responses. 镁在补体活化和抗菌反应中的辅助因子功能。

IF 4 3区医学

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2026.2702449

Md S Zaman, Mainul Haque, Mohammed S Razzaque

引用次数: 0

An update on the pharmacotherapy of ANCA-associated vasculitis. ANCA血管炎药理学管理的最新进展。

IF 4 3区医学

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-25 DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2026.2693089

Anush Shashidhara, Anshu Solanki, Syed Ali Tahir, Hasan Tahir

{"title":"An update on the pharmacotherapy of ANCA-associated vasculitis.","authors":"Anush Shashidhara, Anshu Solanki, Syed Ali Tahir, Hasan Tahir","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2693089","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2693089","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rare, life-threatening autoimmune conditions requiring complex pharmacological management. Contemporary strategies have transitioned from empirical cytotoxic therapy toward mechanistically targeted approaches, reflecting a deeper understanding of B-cell immunity and the alternative complement pathway. This review synthesizes current guidance and presents recent evidence on treatment modalities and emerging options.Areas covered: This paper reviews and synthesizes current international guidance from the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), the British Society for Rheumatology (BSR), and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) on remission induction and maintenance for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Key shifts discussed include the established role of rituximab as a primary induction agent, the implementation of reduced-dose glucocorticoid tapering, and the integration of anti-IL-5 therapies for eosinophilic phenotypes.Expert opinion: In our opinion, the management of AAV has entered a precision era defined by targeted, steroid-sparing regimens. The most significant progress lies in standardizing B‑cell depletion and the emergence of complement inhibition. Despite the evolution of steroid-sparing protocols, mitigation of treatment-related morbidity remains a primary challenge. Ultimately, AAV management must transition toward biomarker-driven precision medicine to individualize therapy and improve long-term outcomes.","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"753-765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flow cytometry-based basophil and mast cell activation tests for IgE-mediated food and drug allergy: have we crossed the Rubicon? 基于流式细胞术的嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞激活试验用于ige介导的食物和药物过敏：我们是否已经越过了Rubicon？

IF 4 3区医学

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2026.2695167

Laura Peeters, Jessy Elst, Didier G Ebo

引用次数: 0

Dendritic cell subsets in alopecia areata: focus on plasmacytoid dendritic cells and Langerhans cells in immune imbalance and therapeutic implications. 斑秃中的树突状细胞亚群：关注浆细胞样树突状细胞和朗格汉斯细胞在免疫失衡和治疗中的意义。

IF 4 3区医学

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2026.2697856

Chengjie Zhuang, Xiuzu Song

{"title":"Dendritic cell subsets in alopecia areata: focus on plasmacytoid dendritic cells and Langerhans cells in immune imbalance and therapeutic implications.","authors":"Chengjie Zhuang, Xiuzu Song","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2697856","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2697856","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Alopecia areata is a prevalent autoimmune non-scarring alopecia with high post-treatment relapse and refractory rates, which severely impairs patients' physical and mental health. While CD8+ T cells are well-established as the primary effector cells in AA, emerging evidence indicates that dendritic cells (DCs) play important upstream regulatory roles in disease initiation and progression.Areas covered: This narrative review systematically synthesizes relevant studies from the PubMed database published up to May 2026, dissecting the dual roles of distinct DC subsets in maintaining hair follicle immune privilege and driving autoimmune cascade, along with core molecular pathways. It also analyses DC-related mechanisms of standard therapies and emerging DC-targeted therapeutic strategies.Expert opinion: DCs play important roles in the complex immunopathological network of AA. DC-targeted precision therapies hold substantial potential to overcome the limitations of broad immunosuppression and restore long-term follicular immune homeostasis, with single-cell multi-omics technologies enabling further mechanistic and translational advances.","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"741-751"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hair follicles as immune targets: unraveling cellular players, cytokine crosstalk, and precision pathways for future therapy of alopecia areata. 毛囊作为免疫靶点：揭示细胞参与者，细胞因子串扰，以及未来斑秃治疗的精确途径。

IF 4 3区医学

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2026.2702444

Kimia Heidari, Seyedshayan Shojaei, Arash Azari Matin, Devendra K Agrawal

{"title":"Hair follicles as immune targets: unraveling cellular players, cytokine crosstalk, and precision pathways for future therapy of alopecia areata.","authors":"Kimia Heidari, Seyedshayan Shojaei, Arash Azari Matin, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2702444","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2702444","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is a relapsing autoimmune disorder caused by the collapse of anagen hair-follicle immune privilege, leading to targeted cytotoxic injury of the hair bulb. Its clinical heterogeneity reflects distinct immune endotypes that shape treatment response.Areas covered: This narrative review synthesizes recent single-cell, spatial transcriptomic, and immunogenetic studies to define the cellular circuits driving AA and their therapeutic implications. Emerging multi-omics datasets identify three reproducible endotypes-IFN-γ-dominant, IL-17-skewed, and mixed Th1/Th17-each associated with distinct follicular microenvironments. Spatial profiling highlights CXCL10+ peribulbar niches enriched for CD8+ NKG2D+ T cells and dysfunctional follicular-resident Tregs. We summarize evidence from Phase III JAK-inhibitor trials, mechanistic studies of relapse biology, and early-stage platforms including IL-15 blockade, antigen-specific tolerization, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems.Expert opinion: AA is best understood as an endotype-stratified autoimmune disease in which JAK inhibition provides effective but often temporary control due to persistent tissue-resident memory T-cell circuits. Over the next five years, integration of multi-omics diagnostics with targeted immune reprogramming, particularly Treg-restoring and tolerance-inducing strategies, has the potential to deliver more durable remission.","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"789-808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infectious disease screening in rheumatological patients: a narrative review on methods, risk stratification and clinical management. 风湿病患者的传染病筛查：方法、风险分层和临床管理的叙述综述。

IF 4 3区医学

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2026.2691035

Filippo Santoro, Fabio Brandolino, Gianluigi Bajocchi, Paolo Pavone, Giada Contardi, Anna Spadoni, Fabio Sampaolesi, Eleonora Salsi, Sergio Mezzadri, Carlo Salvarani

{"title":"Infectious disease screening in rheumatological patients: a narrative review on methods, risk stratification and clinical management.","authors":"Filippo Santoro, Fabio Brandolino, Gianluigi Bajocchi, Paolo Pavone, Giada Contardi, Anna Spadoni, Fabio Sampaolesi, Eleonora Salsi, Sergio Mezzadri, Carlo Salvarani","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2691035","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2691035","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Infectious disease screening is now a routine component in the management of patients with rheumatological conditions and is mandatory in some settings before initiating biologic or conventional immunosuppressive therapies.Areas covered: In this narrative review, we summarize the current literature to assist clinicians in interpreting screening results and risk stratification, and to guide subsequent clinical management, including prophylaxis, monitoring, and treatment strategies. The review of the literature was performed using MEDLINE and Embase, complemented by manual searches of reference lists and gray literature, to identify evidence on infectious disease screening in patients with rheumatologic conditions undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.Expert opinion: Available evidence supports the importance of effective pre-treatment screening and risk assessment in patients requiring immunosuppression. However, significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding infectious risks linked to certain drug classes and the optimal implementation of screening strategies.","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"613-629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why is the antigen uptake receptor DEC205 (CD205) of interest? 为什么抗原摄取受体DEC205是我们感兴趣的？

IF 4 3区医学

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2026.2691030

Sabine Ring, Karsten Mahnke

{"title":"Why is the antigen uptake receptor DEC205 (CD205) of interest?","authors":"Sabine Ring, Karsten Mahnke","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2691030","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2691030","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The antigen uptake receptor DEC205 has been extensively studied in dendritic cells (DCs). By mediating antigen delivery to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II processing compartments, DEC205 facilitates efficient antigen presentation, a property that has been widely exploited for targeted antigen delivery to DCs.Areas covered: This review summarizes studies investigating various molecular strategies employing anti-DEC205 conjugates, as well as conjugates targeting other DC-specific receptors, to induce either immune activation or immune tolerance in animal models and clinical trials.Expert opinion: Clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of in vivo DC-targeted antibody conjugates. In this context, anti-DEC205 conjugates have served as a paradigm for DC-specific antigen targeting. Beyond DEC205, recent research has identified additional DC-specific receptors that may broaden the scope of targeted immunotherapies. Furthermore, antibody-based approaches that do not rely on antibody conjugates have attracted increasing attention. We anticipate that future research will focus on (i) optimizing antigen-antibody conjugation strategies, (ii) combining DEC205-mediated antigen targeting with immune checkpoint blockade, and (iii) evaluating the efficacy of co-stimulatory adjuvants in vaccination protocols.","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"583-589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An update on our understanding of host defense mechanisms at the ocular surface; innate immune dysregulation at the ocular surface: lessons from Stevens-Johnson syndrome and related inflammatory disorders. 眼表宿主防御机制的最新研究进展眼表先天免疫失调：来自Stevens-Johnson综合征和相关炎症性疾病的经验教训

IF 4 3区医学

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2026.2691029

Mayumi Ueta

{"title":"An update on our understanding of host defense mechanisms at the ocular surface; innate immune dysregulation at the ocular surface: lessons from Stevens-Johnson syndrome and related inflammatory disorders.","authors":"Mayumi Ueta","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2691029","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2691029","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The ocular surface is a frontline mucosal immune barrier that protects the eye from pathogens while preserving immune tolerance essential for vision. Breakdown of this innate immune homeostasis can trigger chronic ocular surface inflammation, exemplified by Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe ocular complications (SJS/TEN with SOC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).Areas covered: The review summarizes current knowledge of ocular surface innate immunity, focusing on pattern-recognition receptors (TLR3, RIG-I, MDA5) and downstream interferon-stimulated genes (e.g. IFI44L, CXCL10, IFIT2) and their regulation. The influence of host genetic predispositions and microRNA regulatory networks on these pathways is highlighted, and innate immune profiles are compared among SJS/TEN with SOC, AKC, and healthy ocular surfaces.Expert opinion: Dysregulation of mucosal innate immunity - shaped by host genetic factors, abnormal epithelial responses, and microRNA-mediated feedback loops - underlies the persistence and severity of chronic ocular surface disorders such as SJS/TEN with SOC and AKC. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may inform the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers (e.g. microRNA signatures) and immune-modulating therapies to restore immune homeostasis and prevent vision-threatening inflammation. PubMed was used as the literature search methodology.","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"679-696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0