Michael Pistiner, Ari Cohen, Sanaz Eftekhari, Rachael Griffiths, Jay Lieberman
{"title":"Recognizing and treating serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) in infants and toddlers: a plain language review.","authors":"Michael Pistiner, Ari Cohen, Sanaz Eftekhari, Rachael Griffiths, Jay Lieberman","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2695166","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2695166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"949-965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coexisting inflammatory bowel disease and eosinophilic esophagitis: moving beyond parallel narratives to an integrated framework.","authors":"Chidera Onwuzo, Cynthia Okonkwo, Gaurav Chauhan, Idan Goren","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2725811","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2725811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders traditionally framed as biologically distinct, yet epidemiologic data increasingly support a bidirectional association.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This narrative review examines the epidemiology,immunopathogenesis, and clinical implications of coexisting EoE and IBD using a targeted PubMed search through 2025 with reference-list screening. Although EoE is classically driven by type 2 inflammation and IBD by Th1/Th17 pathways, both disorders converge on epithelial barrier injury, innate immune dysregulation, and fibroblast-mediated remodeling. These shared downstream mechanisms may help explain diagnostic overshadowing, treatment resistance, and an increased propensity for fibrostenotic complications in patients with dual disease.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Coexisting EoE and IBD may be better viewed less as a chance overlap and more as a potentially meaningful clinical association. A mechanism-based approach that incorporates risk enrichment, early endoscopic evaluation, nutritional comanagement, and therapies directed at shared inflammatory-fibrotic pathways may improve outcomes. Future progress will depend on prospective cohorts, biomarker development, and trials that intentionally include patients with both conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"869-882"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omar Raheel, Alexander Uche, Pauline Do, Victoria McGuirt, Steven R Feldman
{"title":"Ustekinumab for the treatment of psoriasis: a well-established therapy primed for resurgence.","authors":"Omar Raheel, Alexander Uche, Pauline Do, Victoria McGuirt, Steven R Feldman","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2712643","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2712643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ustekinumab has been an approved biologic therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis for over 16 years. With the emergence of newer IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors, its use was largely supplanted by these more effective treatments. With the introduction of biosimilars, ustekinumab's potential role in the current treatment landscape warrants reassessment, as insurers may encourage first line use again.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes the mechanism of action, clinical trial data, real-world evidence, and biosimilar development of ustekinumab in psoriasis. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and relevant clinical trial databases, focusing on studies published from 2008 to 2025. Key trials, including PHOENIX, ACCEPT, CLEAR, and UltIMMa, as well as registry data and recent observational studies, are discussed to evaluate efficacy, safety, and comparative effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>While newer biologics are more effective, ustekinumab remains a good option due to its dosing convenience, established safety profile, efficacy for the common psoriatic arthritis comorbidity, and lower cost afforded by ustekinumab biosimilars. In health systems that prioritize exclusively efficacy and safety, ustekinumab may play little role in psoriasis management. However, in systems that prioritize lower cost treatment, biosimilar adalimumab and ustekinumab could be preferred first line treatments, and of these two, ustekinumab may be preferred over adalimumab because of greater efficacy, better safety, and fewer injections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"845-854"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Svetlana P Eckert, Gabriela Funez-DePagnier, Mark D Hicar, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
{"title":"The elusive link: EBV in MS.","authors":"Svetlana P Eckert, Gabriela Funez-DePagnier, Mark D Hicar, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2713626","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2713626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The link between the risk of developing Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been confirmed. However, the mechanisms by which EBV influences MS remain unclear, likely due to the complex interplay among the EBV subtype, the host's immune response, and viral and environmental exposures.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this review, we explore some of those complexities and the evidence on how EBV may contribute, at the molecular level, to MS pathogenesis across the spectrum of MS disease, both relapsing-remitting and progressive. For this review, we searched PubMed and Medline entries using a combination of terms related to 'Epstein-Barr Virus,' 'Multiple Sclerosis,' 'disease-modifying therapies,' and 'EBV activity.' Those search results were then used to address how EBV relates to MS pathophysiology and how the effects of MS risk factors and the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies may be explained by their effects on EBV.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>We posit that addressing EBV infection and viral replication is vital to the discovery of a cure for MS. Given that multiple genetic factors are involved, targeting EBV within cellular reservoirs and suppressing EBV protein expression is likely to provide the greatest benefit in preventing MS disease activity, progression, and immune-mediated neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"929-940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mario Troisi, Salvatore Troisi, Luisa Costa, Piero Ruscitti, Francesco Maione, Ciro Costagliola, Roberto Giacomelli, Luca Cantarini, Claudia Fabiani, Francesco Caso
{"title":"IL-17 at the eye-joint interface in psoriatic disease: mechanisms, clinical correlates, and therapeutic implications.","authors":"Mario Troisi, Salvatore Troisi, Luisa Costa, Piero Ruscitti, Francesco Maione, Ciro Costagliola, Roberto Giacomelli, Luca Cantarini, Claudia Fabiani, Francesco Caso","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2712644","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2712644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease in which the IL-23/Th17/IL-17 axis contributes to musculoskeletal and extra-musculoskeletal inflammation. Ocular manifestations, particularly dry eye disease (DED), uveitis, and less frequently episcleritis and scleritis, are increasingly recognized across psoriatic disease, although their pathobiology and relationship to systemic inflammatory pathways remain incompletely defined.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This narrative review examines evidence linking IL-17 to ocular disease in psoriatic disease, with emphasis on ocular surface inflammation. We summarize ocular involvement in PsA, review mechanistic and translational data across skin, enthesis, synovium, and the lacrimal-ocular surface unit, and appraise clinical data on IL-17-pathway inhibitors, including their established musculoskeletal and cutaneous efficacy and less consistent ocular effects.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>IL-17 may contribute to ocular surface inflammation in PsA, but this remains largely inferential because direct PsA-specific ocular data are scarce. IL-17A inhibitors are effective in musculoskeletal and cutaneous disease, yet ocular benefit cannot be assumed from systemic efficacy. Current evidence suggests limited impact on established DED and less consistent uveitis protection than monoclonal TNF inhibition. Prospective studies with adjudicated ocular endpoints and tear/conjunctival profiling are needed to define whether IL-17-responsive ocular phenotypes exist in PsA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"883-899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging treatment strategies in systemic lupus erythematosus: integrating molecular stratification, targeted therapy, and treatment response evaluation.","authors":"Yurie Satoh-Kanda, Shingo Nakayamada, Yoshiya Tanaka","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2724853","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2724853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by marked clinical and immunological heterogeneity. Recent advances indicate that SLE comprises multiple molecular endotypes driven by distinct immune pathways, underscoring the need for a precision medicine approach.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Literature was identified through searches of PubMed/MEDLINE using keywords including 'systemic lupus erythematosus,' 'precision medicine,' 'biomarkers,' 'multi-omics,' 'lupus nephritis,' 'CAR-T,' and related terms. Landmark clinical trials, translational studies, and recent high-impact publications published through May 2026 were preferentially included. This review summarizes advances in SLE stratification based on immune phenotyping and multi-omics approaches and outlines emerging therapies, including biologics, intracellular inhibitors, and cell-based treatments. It also discusses challenges in clinical trial design and treatment response assessment.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Improving outcomes in SLE will require the integration of molecular stratification, mechanism-based therapy, and refined response assessment. However, the routine implementation of precision medicine remains limited by the lack of standardized biomarkers, accessible multi-omics platforms, and validated patient stratification algorithms. The development of standardized, clinically applicable stratification tools together with novel outcome measures will be essential for translating precision medicine into routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"855-868"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct immunofluorescence in the clinic for pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases.","authors":"Hua Qian, Yuguang Zhao, Mako Mine, Xiaoguang Li, Takashi Hashimoto","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2724860","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2724860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is a cornerstone diagnostic tool for autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs), providing critical tissue-based visualization of immune deposits.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>Literatures were searched using Pubmed with DIF and pemphigus or pemphigoid or AIBD as keywords before 20 December 2025. This review details the role of DIF in the diagnoses of AIBDs, both pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases, highlighting characteristic staining patterns. Pemphigus diseases show IgG/IgA/C3 depositions to keratinocyte cell surfaces, while pemphigoid diseases exhibit linear/granular basement membrane zone depositions of various immunoglobulins and complement components. DIF results are usually consistent with H&E pathological results, intraepidermal blisters for pemphigus diseases and subepidermal blisters for pemphigoid diseases. DIF findings are distinct in some subtypes of AIBDs, guiding differential diagnosis and complementing serological assays, such as indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>DIF remains the diagnostic gold standard for AIBDs, providing indispensable tissue-specific insights, that cannot be fully replaced by serological tests. However, serological tests are more important in monitoring disease activity. Thus, when biopsy is impractical, optimal diagnosis requires synergistic use of both DIF and serological tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"915-928"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is now the time for combination of targeted therapies in inflammatory arthritis?","authors":"Sytske Anne Bergstra, Tom W J Huizinga","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2718336","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2718336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"825-827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agnès Chaumont, Holly Gould, Johan Flamaing, Dexter J Wiseman, Corinne Vandermeulen, Erik Jongert, Timothy Mark Doherty, Philippe Buchy, Lucile Warter
{"title":"The role of immunosenescence and chronic medical conditions on the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus in older individuals.","authors":"Agnès Chaumont, Holly Gould, Johan Flamaing, Dexter J Wiseman, Corinne Vandermeulen, Erik Jongert, Timothy Mark Doherty, Philippe Buchy, Lucile Warter","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2672499","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2672499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important respiratory pathogen among older adults and those with chronic conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two systematic literature reviews identified the impacts of chronic conditions on RSV infection outcomes in adults, and how immunological changes alter RSV infection susceptibility in older individuals. Searches using MEDLINE/Embase identified relevant papers published between 1 January 1990, and 2 August 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4,699 records, 212 were selected. Inclusion criteria were based on relevant comorbidities, outcomes, and study methodologies. The prevalence of severe RSV-associated disease, hospitalization risk, and mortality increased with age. Contributing factors for increased RSV infection susceptibility and morbidity in adults included immunosenescence, age-related physiological function decay, and presence of certain chronic conditions. Mechanisms underlying increased RSV susceptibility in those with chronic conditions included epithelial damage, inflammation, and direct or indirect myocardial damage. Vaccines for the prevention of RSV-associated lower respiratory disease in older adults have potential to prevent substantial morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immunosenescence and chronic medical conditions increase susceptibility of adults to RSV, yet knowledge gaps remain regarding RSV pathogenesis in chronic conditions. Recently approved RSV vaccines support preventive strategies for these individuals.The protocol for this study is PROSPERO registered (identifier: CRD42021293292).</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"809-824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}