European review for medical and pharmacological sciences最新文献

{"title":"Author Correction: Evaluation of the efficacy of vitamin C on the immune response after rabies virus vaccine in BALB/c mice.","authors":"N Sindi","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202603_37713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202603_37713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Correction to: Evaluation of the efficacy of vitamin C on the immune response after rabies virus vaccine in BALB/c mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27 (5): 1808-1815-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202303_31542-PMID: 36930474 published online on March 14, 2023. This erratum serves to correct references 3 and 30. Following an internal editorial review, reference No. 3 was found to have been inadvertently included and is not appropriate to support the statement. The correct reference No. 3 is as follows:  • Fooks AR, Banyard AC, Horton DL, Johnson N, McElhinney LM, Jackson AC. Current status of rabies and prospects for elimination. Lancet 2014; 384: 1389-1399. Reference No. 30 was incorrectly reported in the published version. The correct reference is as follows:  • Beveridge S, Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig D. Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2008; 67: E83. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern on \"A deep learning algorithm-based visual strategy intervention study for children with autism spectrum disorders - extraction and detection of children's behavioral features\".","authors":"","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202603_37714","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202603_37714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Editor in Chief and the Publisher are issuing an expression of concern regarding the following article: Lin Y. A deep learning algorithm-based visual strategy intervention study for children with autism spectrum disorders - extraction and detection of children's behavioral features. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27 (11): 4914-4928-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202306_32608-PMID: 37318465. Following third-party notification raising concerns about the relevance of some references cited in the manuscript, the journal initiated an editorial review of the article. This review identified that several references appear unrelated to the context in which they are cited. The authors were contacted on multiple occasions and invited to provide clarification; however, no response has been received to date. In accordance with the journal's editorial policies and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, the Editors are issuing this Expression of Concern to alert readers while the matter remains unresolved. The journal will update the record if further information becomes available. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue-specific adaptive responses of the vitamin D3 auto-/paracrine system to vitamin D3 deficiency in bone and brain.","authors":"I Shymanskyi, O Lisakovska, A Khomenko, V Bilous, Y Kucheriavyi, I Poladych, Y Parkhomenko, M Veliky","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202603_37721","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202603_37721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We hypothesized that vitamin D3 (VD3) coordinates a complex functional interplay between cerebral homeostasis and skeletal integrity by modulating mineral metabolism and osteotropic signaling. This neuroskeletal axis is likely mediated via a feedback loop involving fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a key regulator within both osseous and cerebral tissues. In this context, our study aimed to characterize tissue-specific adaptive responses by analyzing correlations between components of the vitamin D3 system and FGF23 signaling under physiological and VD3-deficient conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-four female Wistar rats were randomized into three experimental groups: intact (standard diet), VD3-deficient (vitamin-free diet), and repletion. The latter underwent an initial two-month depletion phase followed by one month of therapeutic VD3 supplementation (1,000 IU/kg b.w.). Serum 25(OH)D₃, PTH, and FGF23 levels (circulating and tissue-specific) were quantified via ELISA. The expression of the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR), vitamin D3-binding protein (VDBP), and hydroxylases CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in cerebral and osseous lysates was determined via Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dietary VD3 deficiency triggered systemic metabolic disturbances, including reduced serum 25(OH)D₃, hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and elevated systemic FGF23. Tissue analysis revealed shared compensatory responses in both compartments, notably the induction of VDBP and CYP27B1. However, osseous regulation appeared to be dominated by systemic feedback loops (the FGF23/CYP24A1 correlation), whereas the brain exhibited distinct regulatory patterns, characterized by reduced VDR and CYP24A1 despite stable local FGF23 levels. Following VD3 replenishment, systemic and bone markers normalized, yet cerebral VDR levels remained persistently low.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VD3 deficiency triggers divergent, tissue-specific regulatory responses, suggesting that the brain may preserve a more stable internal environment than osseous tissue. These findings reflect a degree of cerebral metabolic regulation distinct from the systemic endocrine susceptibility driven by the FGF23 axis.  However, the functional significance of these localized patterns and their underlying neuroprotective implications requires further comprehensive and robust experimental validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"113-125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: LncRNA MEG3 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of synovial cells in rats with knee osteoarthritis by regulating PTEN.","authors":"K Han, F-R Wang, M-Q Yu, B Xu","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202603_37718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202603_37718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"LncRNA MEG3 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of synovial cells in rats with knee osteoarthritis by regulating PTEN\" by K. Han, F.-R. Wang, M.-Q. Yu, B. Xu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24 (10): 5242-5248-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202005_21306-PMID: 32495857, has been retracted by the Publisher and the Editor in Chief, following a previously published Expression of Concern. As previously reported, concerns were raised regarding the reliability and originality of the data. The journal has continued its assessment of the article. In the course of this process, additional concerns have been identified, including multiple instances of apparent duplication of image panels (notably flow cytometry plots) between this article and other published articles. In light of these circumstances, the Publisher and the Editor in Chief have decided to retract this article. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with hypoxia and severity in patients with both obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","authors":"M A Vultur, A M Inchingolo, I R Bordea, D Huțanu, L Ferrante, F Inchingolo, A D Inchingolo, G Dipalma, G Jimborean","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202603_37719","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202603_37719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The frequent co-occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) gives rise to an overlap syndrome associated with a decline in patients' health. Discerning the nuanced clinical presentations, polygraphy data, and hematological profiles of individuals with isolated OSAS from those with comorbid OSAS and COPD is crucial for tailoring effective therapeutic strategies. The present investigation seeks to delineate the demographic, clinical, polygraphy, and hematological features that differentiate patients with OSAS alone from those with concurrent OSAS and COPD, and further to evaluate the independent predictive value of COPD for OSAS severity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional analysis, 68 adults diagnosed with OSAS by overnight polygraphy were classified into two groups: OSAS-only (n = 49) and OSAS plus COPD (overlap syndrome, n = 19). Collected data encompassed demographics, comorbidities, sleep indices [including apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and percentage of sleep time with oxygen saturation &lt; 90% (t90%)], and routine hematological examinations. Group comparisons used appropriate statistical tests, and multivariable logistic regression evaluated predictors of severe OSAS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with patients who had OSAS alone, those with overlap syndrome exhibited more severe sleep-disordered breathing and nocturnal desaturation: median AHI was higher (55.80 vs. 38.06; p = 0.01), ODI was increased (57.50 vs. 41.10; p = 0.03), and t90% was longer (32.20% vs. 19.00%; p = 0.03). Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was also greater in the COPD group (p = 0.01). While COPD showed a trend toward being associated with severe OSAS (odds ratio 2.18), this association did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.36). Hypertension was more prevalent among patients with overlap syndrome and can suggest an elevated cardiovascular risk in this subgroup.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The convergence of COPD and OSAS correlates with severe sleep apnea, intensified nocturnal hypoxemia, and an increased prevalence of hypertension, thereby highlighting the imperative for meticulous evaluation and personalized treatment paradigms in this patient population. Limitations inherent in this study, specifically the constrained sample size and cross-sectional methodology, necessitate circumspect interpretation of the findings and suggest the value of prospective, large-scale investigations to corroborate these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological enhancement of tissue expansion for breast reconstruction.","authors":"E Bertulla, E Raposio","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202603_37720","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202603_37720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue expander-based breast reconstruction is widely used following mastectomy due to its relative technical simplicity, minimal additional anesthesia, and reversibility. However, complications such as tissue necrosis, impaired vascularity, postoperative pain, and infections are frequent. Pharmacological interventions have been explored to improve tissue viability and reduce these complications. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, focusing on clinical and preclinical studies investigating pharmacologic agents applied topically or systemically in tissue expander breast reconstruction. Studies on autologous reconstruction, direct-to-implant procedures, cosmetic surgeries, systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, or unrelated drug effects were excluded. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, including retrospective cohort studies, prospective trials, randomized controlled trials, and preclinical investigations. Agents examined included botulinum toxin, deferoxamine, nitroglycerine, dimethyl sulfoxide, and local antibiotics [absorbable beads or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) disks]. Botulinum toxin showed limited evidence for postoperative pain reduction. Deferoxamine increased vascularity and tissue elasticity, especially in irradiated tissue. Nitroglycerine paste reduced mastectomy flap necrosis. Topical Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) improved expansion dynamics and dermal collagen architecture. Local antibiotic delivery significantly decreased infection rates and expander loss, including in patients with skin necrosis. Overall, pharmacological strategies demonstrate potential to enhance tissue viability, minimize complications, and optimize outcomes in tissue expander-based breast reconstruction. Local antibiotic prophylaxis, topical agents, and vascular modulators appear particularly promising. Nevertheless, evidence remains limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneity of study designs, and the inclusion of some preclinical data. Further prospective, controlled trials are warranted to standardize protocols, confirm safety, and evaluate long-term clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Simultaneous administration of human acidic and recombinant less acidic follicle-stimulating hormone for ovarian stimulation improves oocyte and embryo quality, and clinical outcome in patients with repeated IVF failures.","authors":"H Selman, A Pacchiarotti, L Rinaldi, F Crescenzi, G Lanzilotti, S Lofino, I El-Danasouri","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202603_37716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202603_37716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"Simultaneous administration of human acidic and recombinant less acidic follicle-stimulating hormone for ovarian stimulation improves oocyte and embryo quality, and clinical outcome in patients with repeated IVF failures\" by H. Selman, A. Pacchiarotti, L. Rinaldi, F. Crescenzi, G. Lanzilotti, S. Lofino, I. El-Danasouri, published Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17 (13): 1814-1819-PMID: 23852909, has been retracted by the Publisher and the Editor in Chief. Following concerns raised about similarities between the data reported in this article and those published in a previous article by overlapping author groups, the journal initiated an editorial investigation. The journal contacted the authors requesting clarification and the underlying dataset supporting the reported results. The requested data were never supplied despite multiple follow-up requests from the editorial office. The journal's investigation identified substantial similarities in the data reported in the Table I between this article and a previously published work. In the absence of the original dataset and given the unresolved concerns, the Editor-in-Chief has concluded that the reliability of the results reported in this article cannot be verified. Therefore, the article is retracted. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Preclinical study of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome in rats.","authors":"S K Mahjoub, M A A Sattar Ahmad, F O Kamel, M Alseini, L M Khan","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202602_37683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202602_37683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"Preclinical study of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome in rats\" by S.K. Mahjoub, M.A.A. Sattar Ahmad, F.O. Kamel, M. Alseini, L.M. Khan published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26 (23): 9001-9014-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202212_30575-PMID: 36524519 has been retracted in accordance with the Publisher and the Editor in Chief. Following the publication of the above-mentioned article, concerns were raised by a whistleblower and on PubPeer regarding multiple concerns affecting the reliability of the reported data. The journal contacted the corresponding author on multiple occasions and formally requested clarification and access to the original raw data supporting the published results. Despite repeated attempts, no response or supporting documentation was received. In accordance with COPE guidance, the journal conducted an independent assessment of the published material. This evaluation identified major methodological and analytical deficiencies and confirmed the concerns raised. On the basis of the available information, the reliability of the findings could not be verified and the conclusions of the study cannot be confirmed. Therefore, the article is retracted. The authors have been informed of this decision and have not responded. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any further inconvenience this may cause.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"30 2","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose and silk proteins for dry eye disease management and corneal wound healing: in vivo and in vitro results.","authors":"F Scarinci, G De Simone, G Coco, C Caggiano, G Pocobelli, F Boselli, A Di Masi","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202602_37688","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202602_37688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This retrospective cohort study aims to uncover the potential clinical effectiveness of a novel ophthalmic solution containing cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CX-CMC) and silk proteins (SP) in dry eye disease, evaluating its efficacy in improving Tear Breakup Time (TBUT) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) over a 3-months treatment and in absorbing ultraviolet (UV) and blue light and promoting wound healing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two different populations were retrieved from the database; the first group consisted of 20 dry-eye patients who underwent a 3-month treatment with an ophthalmic solution containing CX-CMC and SP. The second group was composed of 10 dry-eye patients who did not want to use any eye lubricant or other treatment. The outcome measures, TBUT and OSDI, were analyzed before (T0) and after (T3) treatment. In addition, the ophthalmic solution was investigated for its capacity to absorb UV and blue light and to promote wound healing. Specifically, UV and blue absorbance were tested by means of a UV-VIS spectrophotometer, while the wound healing test was conducted using two distinct cell lines to assess the efficacy of the solution in facilitating cicatrization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ophthalmic solution effectively restored tear film stability, as evidenced by the improved TBUT values and reduced dry eye disease symptoms evaluated through the OSDI score. Furthermore, it demonstrated absorption capabilities within the UV and blue wavelength range. In terms of wound recovery, the ophthalmic solution supported cell motility compared to untreated cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ophthalmic solution containing CX-CMC and SP was effective in improving dry-eye signs and symptoms in patients and in absorbing UV and blue light. Furthermore, the ophthalmic solution promoted wound healing in vitro. Collectively, the results suggest that CX-CMC and SP eye drops could serve as a promising tool for treating dry eye disease of various origins.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"30 2","pages":"62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravitreal dexamethasone implant in epiretinal membrane-associated diabetic macular edema refractory to anti-VEGF therapy: a visual performance and retinal ultra-structural analysis.","authors":"S Nalcaci, H H Gobeka, K Sincar, C Akkin, F Afrashi","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202602_37689","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202602_37689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to report clinical outcomes of intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM)-associated diabetic macular edema (DME) unresponsive to intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>11 eyes of type 2 diabetes patients &gt;18 years old with ERM-associated DME unresponsive to ≥3 IVR injections were included. Patients with central macular thickness (CMT) &gt;300 µm following a single dose DEX implant between January 2021 and December 2023, suggesting unresponsiveness or poor response, were retrospectively evaluated. A full ophthalmologic examination was performed pre- and first-to-sixth month post-therapy, including measuring best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and retinal ultra-structural parameters like CMT, central 1 mm retinal thickness (RT), and central macular volume (CMV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 66.50±5.01 years. BCVA increased considerably in the first two months (p&lt;0.050) compared to pre-therapy. Changes in CMT, RT, and CMV were statistically significant for ≥4 months for CMT, five months for RT, and six months for CMV (p&lt;0.050). Increased BCVA coincided with retinal ultra-structural healing throughout the same period. Most patients had predominantly normal IOPs. Anti-glaucoma medication was initiated in just three patients where IOPs were &gt;25 mmHg.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DEX implant could be a reliable and effective therapeutic alternative for ERM-associated DME resistant to anti-VEGFs, particularly during the first 3 months of treatment, when it appears to be most effective. A single DEX implant can produce a satisfactory and reasonably safe response, and the treatment can be repeated even after the implant's potency has gradually declined. Importantly, improved BCVA and retinal ultra-structure following DEX implant could lessen the need for ERM surgery and multiple intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. If ERM-associated DME persists despite multiple DEX implants, surgery should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"30 2","pages":"71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}