European review for medical and pharmacological sciences最新文献

{"title":"Brain morphology alterations in adult males with stuttering disorder in Saudi Arabia: a pilot study.","authors":"M Alqarni, A Abujamea, A Almudhi, S Bashir","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202505_37226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202505_37226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: The neurophysiological and neuroanatomical alterations underlying brain morphology in adult males who stutter remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to determine whether individuals who stutter exhibit structural differences in frontal brain regions associated with somatosensory and motor systems critical for speech production. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of King Saud University (KSU). A total of 54 adult male participants [27 stutterers (ST) and 27 non-stutterers (NST)], aged 18-55 years, were enrolled. A certified speech-language pathologist assessed all participants using the validated Stuttering Severity Instrument-4 (SSI-4). High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (SAG T1 3D MP-RAGE sequence) were acquired using a Siemens Skyra 3.0T scanner at the Department of Medical Imaging, KSU Medical City, Riyadh. RESULTS: Compared to NST participants, individuals in the ST group showed significant volumetric alterations in the left precentral gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. Additional significant differences were observed in the left middle frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, left inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis, left inferior frontal gyrus, left precuneus, left pole of the superior temporal white matter, and left insular cortex. These regions demonstrated consistent structural differences between ST and NST participants, suggesting a robust association between stuttering and abnormal morphology in frontal and related cortical areas. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence of structural abnormalities in frontal brain regions implicated in the regulation of somatosensory and motor processes essential for speech production. This supports the hypothesis that stuttering is associated with disrupted neuroanatomical organization in key speech-related cortical networks.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-Abstract-17.jpg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 5","pages":"278-286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction note: Effect of exosome-carried miR-30a on myocardial apoptosis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury rats through regulating autophagy.","authors":"Y-Q Xu, Y Xu, S-H Wang","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202505_37233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202505_37233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"Effect of exosome-carried miR-30a on myocardial apoptosis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury rats through regulating autophagy\" by Y.-Q. Xu, Y. Xu, S.-H. Wang, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (16): 7066-7072-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201908_18748-PMID: 31486507 has been retracted in accordance with the Publisher and the Editor in Chief. Following some concerns raised by a third party regarding possible overlaps and duplication in the Figures, the journal has started an investigation to assess the validity of the concerns, as well as a possible Figure manipulation. The journal's investigation revealed a duplication between panels Model and miR-30a inhibitor of Figure 1. Therefore, the manuscript is retracted due to figure duplication. The journal has contacted the authors to inform them of the ongoing investigation and to request the original data supporting the manuscript; however, the authors have not responded to these communications. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/18748.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 5","pages":"224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inadvertent sub-macular triamcinolone during pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane: A case report.","authors":"T Erakgün, H H Gobeka","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202505_37221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202505_37221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The study aims to describe an inadvertent sub-macular triamcinolone acetonide (TA) deposition following a TA-assisted pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling. CASE REPORT: In this interventional case report, a 75-year-old female with ERM-induced visual distortion underwent TA-assisted 25-gauge three-port PPV, endolaser photocoagulation, and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas (8%) endo tamponade to treat ERM in the left eye. Significant TA deposition was observed intraoperatively in the submacular region, which remained after ERM and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal. One month after PPV, the retina appeared flat, with no significant vitreoretinal interface defects or macular ultrastructural abnormalities. Vision improved from 0.40 to 0.2 logMAR, and there was no evidence of any ophthalmoscopic damage. CONCLUSIONS: Inadvertent sub-macular TA deposition following ERM peeling did not cause any significant surgical sequelae.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-Abstract-13.jpg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 5","pages":"225-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: LncRNA EBIC promoted proliferation, metastasis and cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells and predicted poor survival in ovarian cancer patients.","authors":"Q-F Xu, Y-X Tang, X Wang","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202505_37229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202505_37229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"LncRNA EBIC promoted proliferation, metastasis and cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells and predicted poor survival in ovarian cancer patients\" by Q.-F. Xu, Y.-X. Tang, X. Wang published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22 (14): 4440-4447-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201807_15495-PMID: 30058681 has been retracted in accordance with the Publisher and the Editor in Chief. Following some concerns raised on PubPeer (link: https://pubpeer.com/publications/4756B8806339A2FA95E3A77A3FB451), the journal has started an investigation to assess the validity of the results as well as possible figure manipulation. The journal's investigation identified a discrepancy between the data described in the text and the content presented in Figure 1, raising concerns about the originality and accuracy of the data. Additionally, detailed information regarding Ethics Approval was missing. The authors have been notified about the ongoing investigation and were asked to provide the original data, however, they have not responded to these communications. As a result, due to unresolved concerns regarding data integrity, lack of ethical approval documentation, and the authors' failure to respond to repeated requests for clarification, the article has been retracted. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/15495.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 5","pages":"222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dapagliflozin enhances systolic and diastolic function in concordance with clinical response in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.","authors":"A E Abou Warda, J D Duarte, M Nabil Salem, H F Salem, A N Moharram, A S Alanazi, A I Alzarea, T G Alsahli, H Sultan, M A Alrashdi, A F Altebainawi, B Emil Ibrahim, S Ibrahim Alnahrawi, K Kamel Megalaa, B Zarif, R M Sarhan","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202505_37222","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202505_37222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have reshaped heart failure (HF) management. However, evidence regarding their effects on cardiac structure, particularly for dapagliflozin, remains inconsistent. This study evaluates dapagliflozin's impact on echocardiographic parameters and its concordance with clinical response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized controlled study included HF patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, divided into dapagliflozin-treated and dapagliflozin-naïve groups. Echocardiography and speckle-tracking strain analysis were conducted at baseline and six months. The primary outcome was the change in indexed LV mass. Secondary outcomes included LV function, volumes, dimensions, functional mitral regurgitation, global longitudinal strain (GLS), diastolic function, right ventricular (RV) function, and clinical response assessed using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score. RESULTS: Among 240 participants, 160 received dapagliflozin in addition to guideline-directed medical therapy, while 80 were dapagliflozin-naïve. Adjusted regression analysis showed significant improvements in LV mass index (-43.51 g/m², 95% CI: -59.4 to -27.5, p < 0.0001), end-systolic volume (-29.45 mL, 95% CI: -43.9 to -14.9, p < 0.0001), and end-diastolic volume (-29.44 mL, 95% CI: -47.9 to -10.9, p = 0.0021). Improvements were also observed in LV ejection fraction (5.15%, 95% CI: 2.84 to 7.45, p < 0.0001), GLS (-1.99%, 95% CI: -2.87 to -1.11, p < 0.0001), E/A ratio (-0.56, 95% CI: -1.01 to -0.10, p = 0.016), effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) (-0.18 cm², 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.081, p = 0.0006), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (0.38 cm, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.62, p = 0.0024), and composite clinical outcome (HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.98, p = 0.043). LVEF, GLS, E/A ratio, TAPSE, inferior vena cava diameter, and left atrial area correlated with clinical response. CONCLUSIONS: Dapagliflozin emerges as a potential therapy for patients with left ventricular dysfunction, enhancing LV systolic function and diastolic performance, alongside a favorable clinical response. Future studies with more extensive assessment of right ventricular function and longer follow-up are warranted.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/abstract.jpg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 5","pages":"231-247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: MiR-195 alleviates ulcerative colitis in rats via MAPK signaling pathway.","authors":"X-S Bai, G Bai, L-D Tang, Y Li, Y Huan, H Wang","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202505_37227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202505_37227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"MiR-195 alleviates ulcerative colitis in rats via MAPK signaling pathway\" by X.-S. Bai, G. Bai, L.-D. Tang, Y. Li, Y. Huan, H. Wang, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24 (5): 2640-2646-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202003_20533-PMID: 32196614 has been retracted in accordance with the Publisher and the Editor in Chief. Following some concerns raised by a third party regarding possible overlaps and duplication in Figure 2, the Editor in Chief has started an investigation to assess the validity of the concerns, as well as a possible Figure manipulation. The journal's investigation revealed overlaps between panels \"Model\" and \"miR-195 agomir\" and between \"Control\" and \"Model\" of Figure 2. The authors have been notified about the ongoing investigation and were asked to provide the original data, however, they have not responded to these communications. Therefore, the manuscript is retracted for figure duplication and manipulation. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/20533.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 5","pages":"221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open vs. arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis: a comprehensive umbrella review of outcomes and complications.","authors":"P I Fiore, S Soares, A Seidel, R Garibaldi","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202505_37225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202505_37225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: End-stage ankle arthritis is a debilitating condition for which ankle arthrodesis (AA) remains a principal surgical option. Open and arthroscopic techniques are widely used, yet the literature presents heterogeneous findings. This umbrella review consolidates systematic reviews and meta-analyses to compare open vs. arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis in terms of fusion rates, complications, and hospital stay duration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following a registered protocol (PROSPERO ID: CRD420246233349), we searched articles on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from November 2 to November 10, 2024. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses in English comparing open and arthroscopic AA, capturing data on fusion rates, postoperative complications (e.g., nonunion, infection), and hospital stay. Quality was assessed with AMSTAR 2. A descriptive synthesis was chosen due to methodological heterogeneity. RESULTS: Eight systematic reviews encompassing 74 primary studies (4,631 total procedures) met the inclusion criteria. Fusion rates were consistently high but higher with arthroscopic techniques (range 88.7-95.1%) compared to open methods (range 78.5-85.0%), with odds ratios frequently around 2.0-3.3 favoring arthroscopy. Complication rates (e.g., infection, wound problems) were significantly lower in arthroscopic groups, typically 6-10% vs. 13-18.5% in open groups, corresponding to odds ratios of approximately 0.47-0.60 in favor of arthroscopy. Additionally, hospital stays were shortened by an average of 1.2-1.8 days with arthroscopic approaches, reflecting a weighted mean difference often exceeding -1.60 days. These findings were attributed mainly to the minimally invasive nature of arthroscopy, which reduces soft tissue disruption and expedites recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis demonstrates superior outcomes over open techniques, offering higher fusion rates, fewer complications, and shorter hospital stays. Although open approaches remain viable, particularly for complex deformities, these data underscore the procedural and systemic advantages of arthroscopy in most clinical scenarios. Further research should aim to refine indications, optimize arthroscopic protocols, and investigate patient-specific factors - such as smoking status and comorbidities - that may influence surgical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-Abstract-16.jpg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 5","pages":"268-277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D supplements and effect on glycemic control and lipid profile in individuals living with diabetes: a retrospective study.","authors":"A Alqadi, E Almodyan, M N Alanazi, S S Alghamdi, M H Ahmed, S Badi, A S Alghamdi","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202505_37223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202505_37223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global concern with a high prevalence among the Saudi population. Uncontrolled diabetes is associated with serious medical complications and an increase in mortality and morbidity. Vitamin D deficiency may have the potential to decrease insulin sensitivity and alter lipid metabolism. This study aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D supplements on glycemic control and lipid profile among individuals living with diabetes in Saudia Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study recruited 254 individuals with diabetes. The medical records were searched for age, gender, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), Vitamin D and lipid profiles. The population records were extracted in two intervals: before taking vitamin D supplements and three months after receiving supplements. Paired t-test and confidence intervals were used to compare HbA1c, FBG, vitamin D, and other extracted variables between intervals. Vitamin D levels were compared between genders in each interval. RESULTS: The supplementation of vitamin D leads to improvement in vitamin D from a mean of 45.4 to 65 (normal reference range 50-150). Supplementation of vitamin D showed significant improvement in HbA1c, FBG, all parameters of lipid profile, renal and liver function and hemoglobin (p < 0.001) when t-test was used and confidence interval calculated. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D plays a potential role in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Therefore, maintaining optimal level of vitamin D through its supplements or sun exposure might help to improve heath and decrease complications especially in individuals with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-Abstract-NEW.jpg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 5","pages":"248-257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence assistance using deep metric learning vs. object detection in classifying lumbar disc degeneration on magnetic resonance images.","authors":"N Pongsakonpruttikul, C Angthong, V Kittichai, K M Naing, S Chuwongin, P Puengpipattrakul, S Boonsang, T Tongloy","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202505_37224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202505_37224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the performance of an image retrieval system based on the deep metric learning (DML) approach in discriminating between early and late stages of degenerative intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2,341 sagittal-plane lumbar spinal MR images were obtained and labeled as early and late degeneration using the Pfirrmann classification. Both the DML model and the Object Detection Model based on a state-of-the-art YOLOv7tiny were trained and tested using the labeled data. Then, performance parameters, such as sensitivity and precision, were computed and compared. RESULTS: The trained DML model achieved both sensitivity and precision levels of approximately 93% and 95%, respectively, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of at least 0.96. The trained Object Detection Model based on modified YOLOv7tiny achieved a precision of 92.6%, a sensitivity of 85.9%, and a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.851. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that DML yielded a state-of-the-art performance and could be used as a diagnostic tool for discriminating the severity of IDD via MRI.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-abstract-15.jpg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 5","pages":"258-267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: High levels of long non-coding RNA DICER1-AS1 are associated with poor clinical prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma.","authors":"X-H Hu, J Dai, H-L Shang, Z-X Zhao, Y-D Hao","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202505_37231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202505_37231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"High levels of long non-coding RNA DICER1-AS1 are associated with poor clinical prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma\" by X.-H. Hu, J. Dai, H.-L. Shang, Z.-X. Zhao, Y.-D. Hao, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22 (22): 7640-7645-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201811_16379-PMID: 30536305 has been retracted in accordance with the Publisher and the Editor in Chief. Following some concerns raised on PubPeer (link: https://pubpeer.com/publications/2F91E52E0FA92A70237B1ECA287AF6), the Editor in Chief has started an investigation to assess the validity of the concerns raised. The journal's investigation identified that authors used primers specific to mouse genes for clinical samples, revealing ethical misconduct and data fabrication. The Editorial Team has contacted the authors to inform them of the ongoing investigation and to request the original data supporting the manuscript; however, the authors have not responded to these communications. Consequently, the Editor in Chief has decided to retract the article. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/16379.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 5","pages":"223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}