{"title":"Retraction Note: LncRNA SNHG14 promotes the development of cervical cancer and predicts poor prognosis.","authors":"Y-Y Zhang, M Li, Y-D Xu, J Shang","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202504_37158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202504_37158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"LncRNA SNHG14 promotes the development of cervical cancer and predicts poor prognosis\" by Y.-Y. Zhang, M. Li, Y.-D. Xu, J. Shang published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (9): 3664-3671-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201905_17790-PMID: 31114991 has been retracted in accordance with the Publisher and the Editor in Chief. The article has been retracted due to a critical error in the methodology. Specifically, the primers reported as targeting the SNHG14 gene were incorrect. A BLAST alignment of the cited primer sequences revealed that they do not significantly align with SNHG14, but instead match sequences from TALAM1/MALAT1. This error compromises the validity of the study's results. Therefore, the manuscript has been retracted. The authors were notified of the investigation and were asked to provide the raw data, but they have not responded. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/17790.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction Note: LncRNA SNHG14 promotes proliferation of endometrial cancer through regulating microRNA-655-3p.","authors":"G-F Wang, L-N Wen","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202504_37156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202504_37156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"LncRNA SNHG14 promotes proliferation of endometrial cancer through regulating microRNA-655-3p\" by G.-F. Wang, L.-N. Wen published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24 (20): 10410-10418-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202010_23391-PMID: 33155197 has been retracted in accordance with the Publisher and the Editor in Chief. The article has been retracted due to a critical error in the methodology. Specifically, the primers reported as targeting the SNHG14 gene were incorrect. A BLAST alignment of the cited primer sequences revealed that they do not significantly align with SNHG14, but instead match sequences from TALAM1/MALAT1. The authors were notified of the investigation and were asked to provide the raw data, but they have not responded. This error compromises the validity of the study's results. Therefore, the manuscript has been retracted. The article was previously under investigation for possible duplication or manipulation of Kaplan-Meier survival curves; however, in the absence of the original raw data, these concerns could not be conclusively assessed. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/23391.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E E Yucel, G H Ozsan, A Togay, O C Oztur, F Yuksel, N Yilmaz, A Olgun, I Alacacioglu
{"title":"Impact of pre-transplant serum levels of activin A, activin B, IGF-1 and IL-6 on transplant outcomes and survival in patients with multiple myeloma: a prospective study.","authors":"E E Yucel, G H Ozsan, A Togay, O C Oztur, F Yuksel, N Yilmaz, A Olgun, I Alacacioglu","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202504_37168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202504_37168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: This prospective study aimed to assess the impact of activin A/B, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on end-organ damage, clinical outcomes of high-dose chemotherapy-supported autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and survival rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The serum cytokine levels of 78 multiple myeloma (MM) patients scheduled for ASCT at our clinic and 18 healthy volunteers were studied with the Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The association between pre-transplant cytokine levels and clinical data of the patients, the effects of cytokine levels on transplantation results, and the correlation between cytokine concentrations and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Pre-transplant activin A levels were significantly increased in patients with osteolytic lesions (n=48) compared to those without osteolytic lesions (n=30) (p=0.01). Activin A levels were significantly increased in patients with renal impairment (n=27) compared to those without renal impairment (n=51) (p=0.032). A significant difference was observed between International Staging System (ISS)-3 and ISS-1 stage MM patients according to IL-6 levels (p=0.001). The median follow-up duration was 36.3 months. Progression-free survival (PFS) was 24.8±2.4 months for patients with activin A levels >34.85 pg/ml and 29.7±1.82 months for those with ≤34.85 pg/ml (p=0.044). In univariate analysis, activin A>34.85 pg/ml was identified as an independent prognostic factor for PFS (p=0.012). In the multivariate analysis, activin A levels >34.85 pg/ml (p=0.020) and activin B levels >9.28 pg/ml (p=0.037) were identified as independent prognostic factors for PFS. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that elevated activin A levels are correlated with lytic lesions and renal damage. Besides, elevated serum activin A levels before ASCT constitute an independent risk factor for PFS.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-Abstract.png.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"211-220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Ziranu, R Vitiello, E Pesare, M Caredda, F Messina, C Meschini, G Maccagnano, G Maccauro
{"title":"Megaprostheses coating to prevent periprosthetic joint infection in oncological patients: a systematic review.","authors":"A Ziranu, R Vitiello, E Pesare, M Caredda, F Messina, C Meschini, G Maccagnano, G Maccauro","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202504_37166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202504_37166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most feared complication after prosthesis implantation, especially in the oncological population. Anti-microbial coatings are a new potential strategy to reduce this infection risk further. This study aims to provide an overview of the coating technologies currently being used or explored in megaprostheses to minimize the PJI rate following surgery.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A detailed literature examination was conducted in studies published between January 2004 and October 2023 in the PubMed Central and Medline databases. A rigorous and systematic approach conforming to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) was followed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The literature research produced 396 results. At the end of the screening phase, only 11 papers met the inclusion criteria. The infection rate (IR) in the silver group was 10%: 40 patients out of 392, while the non-silver group's IR was 2.45% (just 4 cases out of 163 people).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite our study's limitations, today, orthopedic implants must have antimicrobial properties, and silver, hydrogel, and iodine coating represent new technologies that can help in infection prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"189-198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E Mora Bastante, S Denizon Arranz, F Neria, F Caballero, A Mateos
{"title":"Effects of sequential clinical simulation throughout a degree in Medicine on students' clinical competency profile on graduation.","authors":"E Mora Bastante, S Denizon Arranz, F Neria, F Caballero, A Mateos","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202504_37161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202504_37161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: Medical students at Francisco de Vitoria University undergo simulation training as part of their clinical reasoning education, including technical and non-technical skills. Our goal is to demonstrate that, in fourth- and fifth-year students, simulation-based learning favors motivation towards the active acquisition of knowledge and its application in the clinical environment, in the cross-curricular skills of medical history, physical examination, and communication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The students carry out eight simulation scenarios per academic year. In the academic year 2022-2023, the 3rd, 6th, and 8th simulations of all fourth- and fifth-year students were analyzed. After watching the simulations, a questionnaire was completed in which the cross-curricular competencies acquired in medical history, physical examination, and communication were assessed. RESULTS: After analyzing the results, it was found that there were significant differences in the overall assessment and evolution of learning between the three scenarios assessed in both year groups, with a greater improvement in the fifth year than in the fourth year. The scores for the items assessed in medical history, physical examination, and communication became increasingly higher as the students progressed through the scenarios and the academic year. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that simulation teaching improves the acquired competencies of fourth- and fifth-year medical students in the domains of medical history, physical examination, and communication. Further studies supporting this theory are necessary to initiate its implementation in the training curriculum of undergraduate students.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/01-ABSTRACT-14040-PM-37073.jpg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"152-159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Kaoual, H Ernandes, R Rezgui, Y Ben Lamine, H Aouel, Y Chaaba, S Sallem, A Bellaaj, I Kooli, S Bouhalila Besbes
{"title":"Real-life diagnostic performance and clinical impact of the BIOFIRE Joint Infection Panel in joint infections.","authors":"S Kaoual, H Ernandes, R Rezgui, Y Ben Lamine, H Aouel, Y Chaaba, S Sallem, A Bellaaj, I Kooli, S Bouhalila Besbes","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202504_37167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202504_37167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: Rapid and accurate pathogen identification is critical for the effective management of native septic arthritis (NSA) and periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), enabling timely, targeted antimicrobial therapy and improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical relevance of the BIOFIRE Joint Infection Panel (BJIP) in NSA and PJI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective investigation was conducted, including samples from patients with suspected NSA and PJI. The diagnostic performance and turnaround time of BJIP were compared to conventional culture methods, with an additional analysis of BJIP's clinical impact. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients were included. The BJIP displayed a higher sensitivity (67%) compared to conventional culture (47%), albeit without any statistical significance (p = 0.078), and a specificity of 94%. Total percent agreement was estimated at 66% ( = 0.36). The combination of BJIP and culture significantly improved sensitivity (74%) compared to conventional culture alone (p = 0.0001) or BJIP alone (p = 0.03). BJIP sensitivity was 57% in NSA and 72% in PJI, with a higher sensitivity observed in late acute PJI (90%) compared to early acute (60%) and chronic PJI (33%). However, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.122). Among patients with prior antibiotic therapy, BJIP exhibited significantly higher sensitivity than conventional culture (68% vs. 35%, p = 0.006). BJIP also reduced the turnaround time for pathogen detection by 83 hours. Retrospective analysis suggested a BJIP-based clinical management improvement among 31% of infected and 50% of uninfected individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity of BJIP in diagnosing joint infections. The combination of BJIP and conventional culture emerged as an optimal diagnostic approach. BJIP outperformed conventional culture among patients with prior antibiotic treatment, substantially reduced the turnaround time for pathogen identification, and showed potential for improving clinical management.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-abstract-1.png.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"199-210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction Note: Effect of propofol on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury throughMAPK/ERK pathway.","authors":"H-J Yan, G-Q Qi, Y Ma","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202504_37154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202504_37154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"Effect of propofol on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through MAPK/ERK pathway\" by H.-J. Yan, G.-Q. Qi, Y. Ma published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (24): 11051-11061-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201912_19813-PMID: 31858577 has been retracted in accordance with the authors, the Publisher, and the Editor in Chief. The article has been retracted due to inaccurate data and duplicated Western Blots in Figures 2 and 6. The authors acknowledged discrepancies in the published data and were unable to provide the original data, and agreed to the retraction of the manuscript. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/19813.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C Cagini, M Spinosi, F Della Lena, M P Carafa, D Marini, C Russo, D Pietrella
{"title":"Antiseptic activity of different ophthalmic formulations: an in vitro study.","authors":"C Cagini, M Spinosi, F Della Lena, M P Carafa, D Marini, C Russo, D Pietrella","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202504_37163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202504_37163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antiseptic power of nine ophthalmic preparations containing active ingredients with known antimicrobial properties: Polyhexamethylene biguanide 0.0003%; Hexamidine diisethionate 0.1%; chlorhexidine digluconate 0.02%; Povidone-iodine 0.6%; Hexamidine diisethionate 0.05% and polyhexanide hydrochloride 0.0001%; Hypochlorous acid 0.011%; Biosecur 2 g/100 mL; Self-preserved ozonated vegetable oil; Polyquaternium-133 0.1%. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Organisms were selected based on the current review of endophthalmitis literature: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15692) and Candida albicans (SC5314). The effect of the eye drops on bacterial cultures and yeast cells was evaluated using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration assay and growth kinetics analysis. RESULTS: All tested ophthalmic solutions demonstrated antiseptic activity by reducing the microbial load of the selected organisms in vitro. At higher dilutions, some formulations maintained antiseptic properties. CONCLUSIONS: The antiseptic power of ophthalmic preparations tested in vitro is effective against species of microorganisms responsible for eye infections. Polyquaternium-133 0.1% has shown the best antiseptic activity, proving to inhibit or slow down the growth of microorganisms even at low concentrations.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/ART.-14034-Graphical-abstract-OK-scaled.jpg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"160-173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V C Sampaio, R B Costa, P H Alves, S C C Toniasso, C P Baldin, P G Riedel, C A Y Wayhs, T V Diemen, D Joveleviths
{"title":"Evaluation of hepatotoxicity in patients exposed to neuromodulator and antineoplastic drugs.","authors":"V C Sampaio, R B Costa, P H Alves, S C C Toniasso, C P Baldin, P G Riedel, C A Y Wayhs, T V Diemen, D Joveleviths","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202504_37164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202504_37164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: Hepatotoxicity is damage to the liver caused by various possible agents. The term DILI (Drug Induced Liver Injury) is utilized when a drug is identified as the cause. The aim of this study was to evaluate DILI in patients who have used neuromodulators and antineoplastic medications at a university hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on adult patients (>18 years). The hepatotoxicity induced by neuromodulator drugs (carbamazepine, duloxetine and gabapentin) administered during the hospital stay and by antineoplastic drugs (capecitabine, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and sorafenib) utilized in hospital or during out-patient care at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, was analyzed during the period from January 2019 to January 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected through medical histories and recorded to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and outcome variables. RESULTS: 1,261 patients used neuromodulating drugs at that hospital, and of these, 105 presented altered liver function tests, 0.24% (n=3) due to DILI. Of the patients using antineoplastic drugs (n=245), 43 patients presented altered liver function tests, 2.0% (n=5) caused by DILI. CONCLUSIONS: A low frequency of DILI was obtained in patients who utilized neuromodulators and antineoplastic drugs, which may mean a safe profile for using these drugs, showing less toxicity over time. A tendency for a greater incidence of DILI was observed in antineoplastic drugs compared to the neuromodulators, which is to be expected since the profile of a patient who is undergoing treatment for cancer is more compromised.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-abstractOK.jpg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NGF and GDNF in Behçet's disease: linking neurotrophic factors to immune regulation.","authors":"M Ozgen, L S Baraz, B Usta, D Yalcin Kehribar","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202504_37162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202504_37162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: Nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are proteins that support the growth and survival of neurons, and they have also been demonstrated to have potential effects on immune modulation and inflammatory diseases. This study aims to evaluate serum levels of nerve growth factor NGF and GDNF in patients with Behçet's disease and to explore their potential roles in disease pathogenesis and activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum NGF and GDNF levels were measured in 34 Behçet's disease patients and 37 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients were classified as having active or inactive Behçet's disease. Statistical analyses were performed to assess differences in neurotrophic factor levels between groups and their associations with clinical parameters. RESULTS: Serum NGF and GDNF levels were significantly lower in Behçet's disease patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.015 and p=0.022, respectively). Active BD patients exhibited higher NGF and GDNF levels than those with inactive disease (p<0.001 for both). Neurological involvement and other clinical manifestations, such as arthritis and uveitis, did not significantly influence NGF and GDNF levels (p>0.05). Furthermore, no correlations were found between neurotrophic factor levels and laboratory parameters, including ESR and CRP. CONCLUSIONS: NGF and GDNF levels are altered in Behçet's disease, with significant variations based on disease activity. Elevated levels in active Behçet's disease may reflect their involvement in inflammatory processes, while reduced levels in inactive disease could indicate immune dysregulation. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate their mechanistic contributions to Behçet's disease pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-Abstract-1-1.png.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}