Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology最新文献_第6页

Constraining electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) nicotine dose by controlling nicotine flux at a limited puff duration. 通过控制尼古丁流量来限制电子尼古丁给药系统（ENDS）的尼古丁剂量。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000719

Alison J Patev, Madison Combs, Nicoleta Gaitan, Nareg Karaoghlanian, Thokozeni Lipato, Thomas Eissenberg, Alison Breland

{"title":"Constraining electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) nicotine dose by controlling nicotine flux at a limited puff duration.","authors":"Alison J Patev, Madison Combs, Nicoleta Gaitan, Nareg Karaoghlanian, Thokozeni Lipato, Thomas Eissenberg, Alison Breland","doi":"10.1037/pha0000719","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000719","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotine flux, the rate of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) nicotine emission, is important in determining ENDS abuse liability. However, flux does not account for user behavior, including puff duration. Along with nicotine flux, puff duration limits the dose of nicotine that can be inhaled. Controlling both flux and puff duration allows regulators to constrain nicotine dose effectively. This study examined the effects of differing ENDS nicotine fluxes (by manipulating liquid nicotine concentration and holding device power constant), with user puff duration limited to 2 s. Participants (N = 32) completed four sessions, each session differing by nicotine flux (no flux, low flux, cigarettelike flux, and high flux conditions). Participants completed two ENDS use bouts in each session while puff duration was limited to 2 s. Plasma nicotine concentration, heart rate, and subjective effects were measured. At higher flux, higher plasma nicotine concentration and higher heart rate were observed. Moreover, higher fluxes decreased ratings of craving and urge to use nicotine and increased positive subjective effects, such as calmness. This study demonstrates that by manipulating nicotine flux and limiting puff duration, nicotine dose can be controlled. Subsequent research should demonstrate the effects of manipulating puff duration systematically. Results underscore the importance of targeting both flux and puff duration for ENDS regulation, intended to reduce abuse liability while maintaining the potential to facilitate transitions from cigarettes to ENDS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"604-614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lower motivation for rewarded mental effort in tobacco dependence. 烟草依赖者对奖励性脑力劳动的动机较低。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000726

Alexander Soutschek, Charlotte E Wittekind

{"title":"Lower motivation for rewarded mental effort in tobacco dependence.","authors":"Alexander Soutschek, Charlotte E Wittekind","doi":"10.1037/pha0000726","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000726","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco dependence is characterized by decision-making impairments, which may increase the risk of smoking relapse by lowering the capacity to resist the immediate gratification of nicotine consumption. Because controlling one's desires for immediate rewards is experienced as effortful, aversion to effortful control processes may also influence the prospects of successful smoking cessation. We therefore tested whether persons who smoke, compared with persons who do not smoke, show a lower willingness to engage in goal-directed mental effort. Thirty-seven persons who smoke and 38 persons who do not smoke performed a decision task requiring choices on whether to exert a demanding attention task for monetary rewards. Using state-of-the-art drift-diffusion modeling, we found that persons who smoke showed a stronger starting bias toward effort-free rewards. Taken together, our process model approach allowed us to identify the subcomponents of the decision process underlying the stronger aversion against mental effort in tobacco dependence, which may contribute to altered decision making by lowering the motivation to engage in effortful control processes when trying to suppress the desire for nicotine consumption. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"615-623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex differences in extinction and reinstatement of nicotine discrimination in rats: The effects of reinforcer devaluation. 大鼠尼古丁辨别能力消退和恢复的性别差异：强化物贬值的影响

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000714

Adysn Kilty, Yvonne Lucas, Caroline Kukas, Sarah Siudut, Joseph R Troisi

{"title":"Sex differences in extinction and reinstatement of nicotine discrimination in rats: The effects of reinforcer devaluation.","authors":"Adysn Kilty, Yvonne Lucas, Caroline Kukas, Sarah Siudut, Joseph R Troisi","doi":"10.1037/pha0000714","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000714","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotine functions effectively as an interoceptive operant discriminative stimulus (SD) that sets the occasion for voluntarily emitted behavior to be reinforced by biologically relevant outcomes (e.g., food). This has been demonstrated primarily with male rats. Far less is known about nicotine's operant SD functions in female rats. There are no reports of sex differences in extinction and recovery of the SD functions of nicotine, which may elucidate smoking cessation and relapse. In view of this, eight male and eight female rats were trained to nose poke differentially among quasirandomly intermixed sessions of food reinforcement variable interval (VI-30 s) and nonreinforcement in a go/no-go across session one-manipulanda operant drug discrimination procedure. For half the rats, presession administration of nicotine (0.30 mg/kg, subcutaneous) occasioned reinforcement sessions of nose pokes (i.e., SD); for the remaining rats, it occasioned nonreinforcement (SΔ). Saline sessions occasioned the opposite contingencies. Training was conducted first under feeding restriction and then under free feeding, which was then followed by extinction sessions that were also conducted with free feeding. During discrimination training, response rates for females did not differ from males when conducted under restricted feeding but did so during training and later extinction conducted under free feeding. Females also exhibited greater reinstatement of responding under the nicotine SD but not the SΔ. These data provide additional evidence for sex differences in rats with the discriminative stimulus functions of nicotine under low, but not high, food-drive states-and may have implications for sex/gender differences in smoking cessation and relapse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"428-435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How executive functioning moderates the relation between implicit alcohol associations and heavy episodic drinking: The roles of planning and working memory. 执行功能如何调节隐性酒精联想和重度偶发性饮酒之间的关系：计划和工作记忆的作用。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000690

Bonnie H P Rowland, Jianna Iaciofano, Tibor P Palfai

{"title":"How executive functioning moderates the relation between implicit alcohol associations and heavy episodic drinking: The roles of planning and working memory.","authors":"Bonnie H P Rowland, Jianna Iaciofano, Tibor P Palfai","doi":"10.1037/pha0000690","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000690","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is common among college students and poses risks for negative consequences. Evidence suggests that HED is more frequent among those with stronger implicit alcohol associations, and the impact of these implicit associations on drinking may be moderated by executive functioning. This study examined the role of two executive function components-working memory (WM) and planning-as moderators of implicit alcohol-approach associations and HED among college students who drink alcohol. One hundred forty-one participants completed measures of alcohol use, implicit alcohol-approach associations, WM, and planning. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the respective two-way and three-way interactions between implicit alcohol associations, WM, and planning on HED. Results showed that WM and planning each moderated the relation between alcohol implicit association test (IAT) and HED. IAT scores were positively associated with HED when WM and planning were low (-1 SD) but not high (+1 SD). Although results from the three-way interaction exhibited a nonsignificant trend, the pattern of results showed that the association between IAT and HED was stronger at lower levels of WM, but only when planning was also low, not high. Findings support the view that HED among college students who drink alcohol may be a function of automatic alcohol associations and that these associations may be stronger among those with lower WM and planning abilities. These results replicate and extend our understanding of how executive functioning may moderate the impact of implicit alcohol cognitions on risky drinking and suggests potential intervention targets. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"379-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71421987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of nicotine patches on early and late attentional bias to smoking cues: We may know less than we think. 尼古丁贴片对吸烟线索早期和晚期注意偏差的影响：我们知道的可能比我们想象的要少。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000707

Bryant M Stone, Jonathan J Hammersley, Norka E Rabinovich, David G Gilbert

{"title":"Effects of nicotine patches on early and late attentional bias to smoking cues: We may know less than we think.","authors":"Bryant M Stone, Jonathan J Hammersley, Norka E Rabinovich, David G Gilbert","doi":"10.1037/pha0000707","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000707","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to overnight deprivation versus satiety studies, a small number of placebo-controlled studies have failed to find that nicotine administration reduces attentional bias (AB) to smoking cues. To assess the reliability of this failure and to address the duration and salience of AB in smokers versus never-smokers, we used a longer-than-typical (i.e., 3,000 ms) smoking cue-presentation time in a placebo-controlled trial of smokers and never-smokers. We aimed to assess whether a nicotine patch (i.e., active vs. placebo) attenuates continuously assessed eye gaze-measured AB to smoking cues across 3,000 ms in 32 habitual, overnight-deprived smokers and smoker-nonsmoker differences compared to 32 never-smokers. We presented a series of picture pairs (i.e., one smoking-related and one affectively neutral control picture) simultaneously to assess AB. Participants attended a 14 mg nicotine patch and a placebo patch session in a randomized order. The habitual smokers were 12-18 hr nicotine-deprived during both sessions. Smokers demonstrated a stronger AB toward smoking cues than never-smokers across the entire 3,000 ms cue-presentation time. Nicotine did not significantly reduce the AB to smoking cues but the AB was strongly and positively related to deprivation-associated cravings in smokers. Patch-delivered nicotine did not reduce AB to smoking cues presented for up to 3,000 ms, even though smoker-nonsmoker differences in bias remained. Assessments of longer cue presentations and more subtle cues may provide nuance not currently captured by existing studies, because of potential demand effects in designs that contrast overnight versus sated state effects on AB. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"453-464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139706425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of anhedonia in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), alcohol use disorder symptoms, and food addiction symptoms in a sample of emerging adults with histories of heavy drinking. 在有酗酒史的新成人样本中，失乐症在童年不良经历（ACE）、酒精使用障碍症状和食物成瘾症状之间的关系中的作用。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000703

Mary Takgbajouah, Nate Barnes, James MacKillop, James G Murphy, Joanna Buscemi

{"title":"The role of anhedonia in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), alcohol use disorder symptoms, and food addiction symptoms in a sample of emerging adults with histories of heavy drinking.","authors":"Mary Takgbajouah, Nate Barnes, James MacKillop, James G Murphy, Joanna Buscemi","doi":"10.1037/pha0000703","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000703","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown that (ACEs) are associated with negative health outcomes, including depression, problematic alcohol use, and disordered patterns of overeating, including food addiction (FA). Moreover, anhedonia, or an inability to feel pleasure, has been also shown to increase risk for problematic alcohol use, as well as FA. It is possible that anhedonia may be implicated in health risk behaviors as individuals with anhedonia may seek out highly hedonic activities. The purpose of the present study was to explore the direct and indirect relationship between ACEs and alcohol use disorder (AUD) and FA symptoms via anhedonia in a diverse sample of emerging adults with histories of heavy drinking. A cross-sectional, quantitative design was used. The sample was 42.6% male, 45.5% White, and 39.9% Black, and the average age of participants was 22.64 (SD = 1.01). A confirmatory factor analysis was used to specify the model, and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The initial measurement model was overidentified and demonstrated acceptable to favorable fit. Standardized results from a bootstrap analysis of the structural regression model showed significant direct effects of ACEs on FA and AUD symptoms. Results also found a significant indirect effect of ACEs on AUD symptoms through anhedonia, though this indirect effect was not significant for FA. Anhedonia could be a key target for the prevention and treatment of problematic alcohol use. Future research should examine the role of anhedonia in the maintenance of FA in nonheavy drinking samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"418-427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138828986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cigarette smoking and cognitive task performance: Experimental effects of very-low nicotine-content cigarettes. 吸烟与认知任务表现：尼古丁含量极低的香烟的实验效果。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000724

Brian R Katz, Diann E Gaalema, Julie A Dumas, Sarah H Heil, Stacey C Sigmon, Jennifer W Tidey, Dustin C Lee, Michael DeSarno, Stephen T Higgins

{"title":"Cigarette smoking and cognitive task performance: Experimental effects of very-low nicotine-content cigarettes.","authors":"Brian R Katz, Diann E Gaalema, Julie A Dumas, Sarah H Heil, Stacey C Sigmon, Jennifer W Tidey, Dustin C Lee, Michael DeSarno, Stephen T Higgins","doi":"10.1037/pha0000724","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000724","url":null,"abstract":"Reductions in the nicotine content of cigarettes decrease smoking rate and dependence severity, but effects on cognition are less well established. The potential impacts of very-low nicotine-content (VLNC) cigarettes on cognitive task performance must be evaluated, especially in vulnerable populations. The aim of the present study is to experimentally examine the effects of VLNC cigarettes on cognitive performance. Adults who smoked daily (n = 775) from three vulnerable populations (socioeconomically disadvantaged reproductive-age women, individuals with opioid use disorder, affective disorders) were examined. Participants were randomly assigned to normal nicotine content (NNC; 15.8 mg nicotine/g tobacco) or VLNC (2.4 mg/g or 0.4 mg/g) cigarettes for 12 weeks. Response inhibition (stop-signal task), working memory (n-back task; n of 2-n of 0), and cognitive interference (nicotine Stroop task) were assessed at baseline, 2, 6, and 12 weeks. Results were analyzed using mixed-model repeated-measures analyses of variance. Extended exposure to VLNC cigarettes produced no significant changes in any measure of cognitive performance compared to NNC cigarettes. Over weeks, response times on the n-back task decreased across doses. No significant effects were observed on the stop-signal or nicotine Stroop tasks. All three vulnerable populations performed comparably on all three cognitive tasks. Extended exposure to VLNC cigarettes produced no impairments in cognitive performance on any of the assessed tasks compared to NNC cigarettes. These findings are consistent with the larger literature detailing other consequences following exposure to VLNC cigarettes and are encouraging for the adoption of a nicotine-reduction policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"436-444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pain and withdrawal are common among patients receiving medications for opioid use disorder and associated with pain catastrophizing, negative affect, and poor sleep. 在接受阿片类药物治疗的患者中，疼痛和戒断是常见现象，并与疼痛灾难化、消极情绪和睡眠不佳有关。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000723

Meredith S Berry, Kelly E Dunn

{"title":"Pain and withdrawal are common among patients receiving medications for opioid use disorder and associated with pain catastrophizing, negative affect, and poor sleep.","authors":"Meredith S Berry, Kelly E Dunn","doi":"10.1037/pha0000723","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000723","url":null,"abstract":"Substantial percentages of persons receiving medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) continue to experience clinically significant levels of pain and opioid withdrawal, which may pose barriers to reducing opioid use. Continued pain, in particular, may increase the risk for psychiatric problems and poorer treatment retention, especially with a lack of adequate care for pain. The goals of these analyses were to characterize the prevalence of, and patient-level variables associated with, pain and opioid withdrawal, as well as utilization of related coping strategies and treatments. Participants were 18 years of age or older and received methadone or buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (n = 179). Participants completed this survey in person, within their MOUD clinic. Participants completed patient-level and demographic questions as well as measures of pain, withdrawal, utilization of related coping strategies, and pain treatment. Numerous participants endorsed chronic pain (41.9%) or opioid withdrawal (89.4%) and indicated reliance upon over-the-counter medications and prayer for pain management. Multiple linear regression models showed greater pain catastrophizing and negative affect accounted for variability in pain severity and pain interference, as well as opioid withdrawal. Persons who slept less and endorsed chronic pain also reported greater pain severity and interference, and pain interference was higher with increased age. These and previous findings combine to further highlight the detrimental role that pain catastrophizing and negative affect can play in pain perception and withdrawal, but also represent promising treatment targets to facilitate pain and withdrawal management and improved quality of life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"386-391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and validation of a reasons for electronic cigarette use questionnaire. 电子香烟使用原因问卷的开发与验证。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000702

David M Ledgerwood, Danishi K Bedi, Mannat K Bedi, Ciara N Cannoy, Krithika Prakash, Alanna E Foulon, ShayLin Excell, Leslie H Lundahl

{"title":"Development and validation of a reasons for electronic cigarette use questionnaire.","authors":"David M Ledgerwood, Danishi K Bedi, Mannat K Bedi, Ciara N Cannoy, Krithika Prakash, Alanna E Foulon, ShayLin Excell, Leslie H Lundahl","doi":"10.1037/pha0000702","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000702","url":null,"abstract":"People use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) for many reasons, but currently there are no comprehensive assessments of the motivations for tobacco vaping. The aim of the present study is to develop and test the initial construct validity of a new measure to assess reasons for e-cigarette use. We developed a 56-item measure based on the e-cigarette literature. This measure, along with demographic and tobacco use questions, was administered to adults who self-identified as past or present e-cigarette users on the Prolific crowdsourcing platform. The sample (n = 965) was randomly assigned into two analytic groups for exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 484) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 481). The sample ranged from 19 to 77 (M = 36.6; SD = 11.5) years old, and 42.2% identified as women, 74.6% as White, 7.2% as African American, 4.7% as Asian/Pacific Islander, and 5.1% Hispanic/Latino. After removing highly correlated items and nonloading items on the EFA, the 56-item scale was reduced to 47 items across eight factors. The eight subscales assessing various motivation domains of e-cigarette use included social influence, alternative to cigarettes, pleasurable effects, harm reduction, dependence, cessation, weight/appetite, and smell/flavor domains. Cronbach's α coefficients and preliminary analyses of differential motivation based on sex, age, and daily smoker status are presented. This study demonstrates the construct validity for the first comprehensive measure tested to assess reasons for e-cigarette use. This measure has potential to become a valuable assessment for researchers examining factors contributing to tobacco vaping among a variety of populations and settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"445-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discriminative stimulus properties of two training doses of gabapentin in rats: Substitution by pregabalin, diazepam, and pentobarbital. 两种训练剂量加巴喷丁对大鼠的辨别刺激特性：用普瑞巴林、地西泮和戊巴比妥替代。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000704

Adam J Prus, Madeline T Van Fossen, Alexandria N Iannucci, Alexia G Dalton, Joshua N Prete

{"title":"Discriminative stimulus properties of two training doses of gabapentin in rats: Substitution by pregabalin, diazepam, and pentobarbital.","authors":"Adam J Prus, Madeline T Van Fossen, Alexandria N Iannucci, Alexia G Dalton, Joshua N Prete","doi":"10.1037/pha0000704","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000704","url":null,"abstract":"Gabapentin is used for the treatment of many conditions, including seizures, pain, and anxiety. Increasing reports of nonprescribed use suggest that gabapentin may elicit positive subjective effects. The present study was conducted to examine the subjective effects of gabapentin using rats trained to discriminate either a 30.0 mg/kg or 300.0 mg/kg dose of gabapentin versus vehicle on a two-choice drug discrimination task. Both doses of gabapentin were established as discriminative stimuli, and the 300.0 mg/kg dose was more readily established compared to the 30.0 mg/kg dose. Full substitution (> 80% gabapentin-lever responding) occurred by the training drug and by the gabapentinoid compound pregabalin. Partial substitution (> 20% gabapentin-lever responding) was shown by the opioid compounds morphine and fentanyl, and dose combinations of the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone with the gabapentin training doses reduced the percentage of gabapentin-lever responding to below 80%. Partial substitution for both training doses of gabapentin occurred with the cannabinoid Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol. The barbiturate compound pentobarbital and the benzodiazepine compound diazepam were only tested for substitution for the 300.0 mg/kg dose of gabapentin and these compounds produced full substitution. These findings demonstrate that gabapentin establishes a robust discriminative cue and exhibits stimulus effects closely similar to pregabalin, pentobarbital, and diazepam. Since pregabalin, pentobarbital, and diazepam carry a risk of problematic use and are classified as controlled substances, further evaluations of gabapentin's risks in this regard are warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"485-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0