Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of visual exposure to natural (vs. Built) environments on delay discounting and demand for substances: Preliminary evidence and future directions.","authors":"Shahar Almog, Maribel Rodriguez Perez, Chiara M Licata, Alexia N Obrochta, Jillian M Rung, Meredith S Berry","doi":"10.1037/pha0000846","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance use disorders affect millions of people and can be difficult to treat, warranting novel therapeutic approaches. Simultaneously, well-established findings demonstrate beneficial effects of nature exposure for mental health, including substance use disorder comorbidities (e.g., anxiety), and emerging evidence suggests that nature exposure could impact decision making associated with harmful substance use. Across two within-subject experiments (Experiment 1: Amazon Mechanical Turk, n = 170, Experiment 2: college students, laboratory setting, n = 29), we evaluated the effects of visual exposure to natural versus built environment stimuli on delay discounting and demand for a substance among individuals who frequently use substances. Experiment 1 results showed that for subsets of participants, under certain conditions, visual exposure to natural compared with built environment stimuli reduced delay discounting and demand for cannabis, with medium effect sizes, but not for alcohol or cigarettes. Order effects emerged, demonstrating within-subject lower delay discounting following visual exposure to natural (vs. built) stimuli, when nature was presented second and lower demand for cannabis when presented first. Acknowledging sample size limitations, Experiment 2 results showed reduced demand for alcohol, with a large effect size, following visual exposure to natural (vs. built) stimuli, and no effect on delay discounting or demand for cannabis. Results contribute preliminary evidence of the beneficial effects of visual nature exposure on substance use-related decision-making outcomes among individuals who regularly use substances. We further discuss methodological challenges. Results hold implications for future research with clinical populations to develop and validate real nature prescription guidelines as prevention or adjunct to substance use disorder treatment programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":"34 2","pages":"107-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the adapted English version of the Substance Use Protective Strategies Scale among U.S. college students.","authors":"Ricardo Apodaca-Rubio, Matthew R Pearson, Jakub D Greń, Krzysztof Ostaszewski","doi":"10.1037/pha0000837","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance use (and polysubstance use in particular) is prevalent and associated with a range of negative outcomes among young adults. The Substance Use Protective Strategies Scale (SUPSS) was originally developed and validated using a Polish sample and is a substance-general measure of cognitive-behavioral strategies aimed at reducing substance-related harms associated with the use of multiple substances. The present study developed an adapted version of the SUPSS for the purposes of examining the psychometric properties and validity of this measure in a large sample of U.S. college students (<i>n</i> = 2,566) recruited across 10 universities who reported past-month substance use. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we found an adequate fit for a four-factor model, consistent with the developmental sample. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, we found support for scalar invariance of the SUPSS across distinct sociodemographic groups and those using distinct substances. Generally, the SUPSS subscales were positively associated with alcohol and cannabis protective behavioral strategies use and negatively associated with alcohol- and cannabis-related outcomes (frequency, consequences, disorder symptoms). The present study was limited by its cross-sectional design and exclusive reliance on retrospective self-reports. Future research using longitudinal and experimental designs can determine the prospective and causal effects of these substance-general protective behavioral strategies on substance-related outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147389967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of traditional and heated tobacco products on palatal blood flow and cardiac function in smokers: A crossover pilot study.","authors":"Norbert Kulcsár, Barbara Mikecs, Kata Kelemen, Elek Dinya, János Vág, Péter Hermann, Orsolya Vámos, Barbara Kispélyi","doi":"10.1037/pha0000828","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional cigarette (TC) smoking is linked to a multitude of diseases, including cancer and neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases. It also has negative consequences for oral health; it is associated with periodontal disease and postoperative complications by impairing oral circulation and wound healing. Alternative tobacco products, particularly heated tobacco products (HTPs), have gained popularity in recent years, although their physiological effects, including those in circulation, are less well-known. The acute effects of HTPs on palatal blood flow (PBF) and cardiac function were examined and compared with those of TC in ten medically healthy volunteers (nine males, one female) aged between 24 and 32 years (Mage 26.5 ± 2.4 years). All patients were requested to smoke TC, two types of HTPs (natur flavor, IQOS-Natur; and menthol flavor, IQOS-Menthol), and a switched-off IQOS device as a sham smoking blind test. PBF was measured in three regions of interest via a laser speckle contrast imager at three time points (before, TOI1; immediately after, TOI2; and 15 min after exposure, TOI3). Blood pressure and pulse were also measured in three times of interests. Mean PBF significantly increased in the IQOS-Menthol group in ROI1 at TOI3 compared with TOI1 (p < .01). No statistically significant differences in percent PBF changes were detected between times of interests in each group. In all three tobacco product groups, the systolic blood pressure increased immediately after product use; however, this increase was statistically significant only for TC (p < .01). There was no significant difference in blind test (p = .6). Diastolic blood pressure and pulse increased significantly in TOI2 for TC, IQOS-Menthol, and IQOS-Natur (p < .01) but not for blind test (p = .08; p = .69). HTPs and TC were associated with elevated heart rate and blood pressure after exposure. All tobacco products had minimal acute effects on PBF. Habitual use of HTPs may increase susceptibility to chronic cardiovascular diseases, but further research is necessary to clarify their effects on oral circulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":"34 2","pages":"125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of cannabidiol on sleep disturbances within a sample of high trait worriers: A double-blind, randomized placebo controlled trial.","authors":"L Riley Gournay, Morgan L Ferretti, Harrison B Dickens, Veronica Floyd, Daniella A Fernandez, Ezri Rathbun, Anna-Marie Nguyen, Ellen W Leen-Feldner","doi":"10.1037/pha0000832","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonintoxicating molecule derived from the cannabis plant, is garnering attention as a novel sleep aid despite a dearth of empirical literature supporting its efficacy for sleep-related indications. The present study aimed to address this gap. Participants were 63 individuals (<i>M</i>_age = 29.27; <i>SD</i>_age = 9.58) reporting elevated trait worry who were randomly assigned to take 300 mg CBD, 50 mg CBD, or placebo daily for 2 weeks. Results suggested 300 mg CBD decreased sleep disturbances and sleep quality significantly more than 50 mg CBD (<i>B</i> = -0.39, <i>t</i> = -2.59, <i>p</i> < .05, <i>d</i> = 0.08), but not placebo (<i>B</i> = -0.32, <i>t</i> = -2.09, <i>p</i> = .10, <i>d</i> = 0.07) with no effects on sedation or cognitive impairment. These data suggest 300 mg CBD showed significantly greater improvement than 50 mg CBD but did not show statistically significant improvement compared to placebo. More work is needed to assert strong conclusions regarding CBD's effects on sleep-related indicators. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effect of donepezil and a combination of donepezil and mefloquine (THN201) on cognition during a scopolamine challenge in healthy participants.","authors":"Thibaut Dondaine, Werner Rein, Joëlle Micallef, Jean-Luc Cracowski, Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Gisèle Pickering, Claire Cracowski, Claire Thalamas, Geoffrey Viardot, Philippe L'Hostis, Damien Maurice, Frank Mouthon, Mathieu Charvériat, Dominique Deplanque, Régis Bordet","doi":"10.1037/pha0000825","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of donepezil and a combination of donepezil and mefloquine (THN201) on cognitive function and electroencephalography (EEG) parameters during a scopolamine challenge in healthy participants. Scopolamine, which is known to induce cognitive impairment, was used to model transient cognitive deficits similar to those observed in Alzheimer's disease. The study involved 152 healthy male participants, who were subjected to various cognitive tests and EEG recordings to assess the impact of the treatments on attention and memory processes. The results showed significant temporal effects on cognitive performance and positive component around 300 milliseconds EEG parameters, indicating that scopolamine-induced notable changes in cognitive functions and brain activity. However, this study did not find significant overall group differences or interactions between time and group for most cognitive and EEG measures. The combination of donepezil and mefloquine (THN201) did not show a clear protective or restorative effect against scopolamine-induced impairments, highlighting the role of the cholinergic system in cognitive processes and the potential of EEG parameters as markers for cognitive impairment. This study underscores the complexity of cholinergic modulation in attention and memory, suggesting a need for more targeted approaches in future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":"34 2","pages":"142-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probability of fentanyl adulteration in cocaine selectively decreases cocaine demand.","authors":"Cecilia Nunez, Jin H Yoon, James MacKillop, Margaret C Wardle","doi":"10.1037/pha0000817","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fentanyl-related, cocaine-overdose deaths have drastically increased, yet research on how people who use cocaine perceive fentanyl adulteration is limited. This study developed the novel Adulterated Cocaine Purchasing Task, a modification of the original Cocaine Purchasing Task, to quantify how people respond to fentanyl adulteration in cocaine. In the Adulterated Cocaine Purchasing Task, participants indicated how much cocaine they would purchase when cocaine had no (0%) versus some (10%) probability of fentanyl adulteration. Study aims were to (a) determine how possible fentanyl adulteration affects cocaine demand and (b) determine which individual characteristics predict continued demand for cocaine despite fentanyl adulteration. This Amazon Mechanical Turk study included self-reported cocaine purchasers (<i>N</i> = 64), who completed self-report questionnaires (demographics, substance use history, depression/posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, fentanyl knowledge quiz), and the Adulterated Cocaine Purchasing Task. Results showed (a) that a greater probability of fentanyl adulteration (10%) lowered cocaine demand, but only for intensity (<i>Q</i>₀; amount of cocaine consumed when free; <i>p</i> < .001); (b) no effect on other demand indices (<i>O</i>_max, <i>P</i>_max, essential value, breakpoint); (c) significantly more zero responders with 10% probability of fentanyl adulteration than 0%, <i>p</i> < .001; and (d) that opioid couse, depression, age, posttraumatic stress disorder, fentanyl knowledge, and cocaine use severity did not moderate the relationship between fentanyl adulteration and intensity. Overall, fentanyl adulteration reduced cocaine demand but only for volume preferred at minimal cost, not general motivational drive for use, illustrating the dangerous insensitivity to toxic contamination. The internal validity of the paradigm provides proof-of-concept for this approach to identify individuals at risk from fentanyl-adulterated cocaine. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"207-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145762144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delay discounting violations vary by adolescent sociodemographics: Excluding nonsystematic data may bias conclusions.","authors":"Brett W Gelino, Julia W Felton, I-Tzu Hung, Justin C Strickland, Geoffrey D Kahn, Nathaniel S Thomas, Joshua L Gowin, Matthew E Sloan, Abraham A Palmer, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Marcos R Sanches, Sarah W Yip, Brion S Maher, Jill A Rabinowitz","doi":"10.1037/pha0000809","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delay discounting tasks are increasingly used across psychology to examine self-regulation and value-based decision making. These tasks assess how individuals devalue rewards as delays to receipt increase, with responses expected to follow a decreasing pattern. When participants report higher valuation at longer delays-a violation of this expected trend-such responses are often flagged as nonsystematic and, in many cases, excluded from analysis. Although intended to optimize data quality, such exclusions may systematically bias samples and distort downstream inferences. Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (<i>N</i> = 11,307), we examined whether nonsystematic responding covaried with demographic, cognitive/behavioral, and environmental characteristics. Nearly half of participants exhibited at least one nonsystematic responding violation, with greater likelihood among youth from low-income households, low-resource neighborhoods, and racially minoritized backgrounds. Nonsystematic responding was also associated with lower abstract reasoning and higher positive urgency. Violations disproportionately occurred at the earliest presented task delays, suggesting a possible learning effect. These findings raise concerns that data exclusion criteria may bias behavioral samples and alter conclusions in translational research domains such as addiction science, behavioral pharmacology, and public health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing prescription stimulant diversion and misuse through brief intervention: Moderators and secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Laura J Holt, Alison Looby, Ty S Schepis, Richard Feinn","doi":"10.1037/pha0000808","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prescription stimulant diversion (PSD) and misuse (PSM) are prevalent among young adults with stimulant prescriptions and have been associated with conduct problems and poorer attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom management, functional impairment, and other substance use and misuse. Few evidence-based interventions address PSD and PSM; to date, no research has examined for whom these interventions are most/least effective and potential downstream benefits on psychosocial functioning. In the present study, we examined whether conduct problems in childhood moderated response to an interactive web-based intervention focused on preventing PSD and PSM and whether immediate release prescriptions were associated with more PSD and PSM. We also evaluated the impact of the intervention on functional impairment, binge drinking, other substance use, and accidental injuries. We randomized students from three U.S. universities with current stimulant prescriptions (<i>M</i>_age = 20.42 years, 74% female, 86% White) to the intervention (<i>n</i> = 128) or attention-matched placebo (<i>n</i> = 121) in a single-blind design, with 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Conduct problems and being prescribed an immediate release medication were associated with a greater likelihood of PSD, but not PSM; however, conduct problems were not associated with a differential response to the intervention (any PSD/PSM). Compared to the placebo, the intervention group reported lower attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder impairment and substance use at the 6-month follow-up; rates of accidental injuries did not differ between the two groups. Findings suggest the intervention had significant but modest effects on psychosocial outcomes. Future targeted interventions for PSD may focus on students with conduct problem histories and/or immediate release prescriptions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To choose or not to choose: Examining the influence of choice on elicitation of subjective and objective prescription stimulant placebo effects in the laboratory.","authors":"Alison Looby, Katherine A Berry, Anna M Petrey, Emma L Winterlind","doi":"10.1037/pha0000824","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prescription stimulant misuse is prevalent among college students for cognitive, academic, and mood enhancement purposes. While prior research demonstrates placebo effects for subjective mood and drug effects, objective cognitive enhancement placebo effects have been less reliably produced in the laboratory, perhaps because lack of ability to choose to use a drug decreases ecological validity. This study examined whether prescription stimulant placebo effects were modulated by the ability to choose whether to use a drug. College students (<i>N</i> = 183; <i>M</i>_age = 19.48, 92.9% White non-Hispanic, 77.0% female) were randomized into choice (<i>n</i> = 95; ability to choose to ingest 10 mg Adderall [actually placebo]) or no-choice (<i>n</i> = 88; randomly assigned to receive drug [actually placebo] or no drug) conditions before completing subjective effect measures and cognitive tasks. Nearly, all choice participants (<i>n</i> = 90) decided to ingest drug (actually placebo), and were compared against no choice-expect drug (<i>n</i> = 40) and no choice-no drug (<i>n</i> = 48) participants. Replicating prior research, participants who believed they ingested drug indicated subjectively enhanced mood and drug effects on several indices compared to those who did not expect drug; this was not affected by choice. With one exception on a specific reaction time index, there were no placebo effects on objective cognitive tasks, and cognitive performance was similarly not affected by choice. These results provide further evidence of medium-large placebo effects for subjective, but not objective, outcomes following expected prescription stimulant use. Considerations surrounding methodological alterations to laboratory procedures which improve ecological validity are recommended to better understand the influence of both choice and prescription stimulant placebo effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13470850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145774159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) goes digital: Randomized pilot trial for families of individuals with opioid use problems.","authors":"Jane P Macky, Kimberly C Kirby, Ben G Fitzpatrick, Shelby Goodwin, Mary Milnamow, Jaime Kishpaugh, Erica J Lubetkin, Michelle L Kuecker, Benjamin Bearnot, Robert J Meyers, Calum J Handley","doi":"10.1037/pha0000821","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) for concerned significant others (CSOs) of individuals with substance use problems (IP) is an efficacious in-person intervention warranting broader dissemination. However, previous web-based delivery studies have not achieved the increases in IP treatment entry seen with in-person studies. We developed two online CRAFT programs closely aligned with the in-person CRAFT protocol and pilot tested their efficacy and feasibility. We block randomized 45 CSOs (15/arm) of IPs with opioid use problems to receive 12 weeks of web-based peer support (PEER) or weekly web-based CRAFT modules with videoconference coaching either in groups (CRAFT-G) or individually (CRAFT-I). Though not statistically significant, more CSOs reported new IP treatment entry in CRAFT-G (76.9%; OR = 5.00, 95% CI [0.03, 3.41], p = .056) and CRAFT-I (72.7%, OR = 4.01, 95% CI [-0.23, 3.20], p = .106) compared to PEER (40.0%), and more CRAFT-G participants reported their IP was in medication treatment at 12 weeks compared to PEER (76.9% vs. 40.0%, OR = 5.00, 95% CI [0.19, 0.98], p = .11). CRAFT-G had significantly improved physical health (p = .025) and mood (p = .015), and both CRAFT-G (p = .018) and CRAFT-I (p = .012) showed increased relationship satisfaction compared to PEER. CSO engagement was similar across conditions. Results must be interpreted cautiously as the study was exploratory and small, and some results were not statistically significant. This pilot study is the first to suggest that online CRAFT programs have the potential to replicate in-person effects, possibly because it did not shorten or significantly alter the in-person protocol when adapting it to a digital format. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":"34 1","pages":"78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12818555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145984871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}