European journal of preventive cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Estimating the health impact of menu calorie labelling policy and sugar-sweetened beverage taxation in two European countries: a microsimulation study.","authors":"I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra, Martin O'Flaherty, Karl M F Emmert-Fees, Maria Salve Vasquez, Rebecca Evans, Annette Peters, Chris Kypridemos, Nicolas Berger, Eric Robinson, Zoé Colombet","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To estimate and compare the impacts of menu calorie labelling and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation on reducing obesity prevalence, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and equity-related impacts, in Belgium and Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used microsimulation models over a 20-year simulation horizon (2022-2041). We modelled the impacts through assumed changes in energy intake due to consumer responses and food industry reformulation. Scenarios of partial (in \"large\" out-of-home businesses; ≥ 250 employees) and full (in all out-of-home businesses) implementation for menu calorie labelling and different tax rates for SSBs (10%, 20%, 30%) were simulated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the counterfactual scenario, assuming effects on both consumer and industry behaviour, menu calorie labelling applied to all out-of-home businesses was estimated to reduce obesity prevalence by 3·61 (95% uncertainty interval-UI: [2·78, 4·30]) and 4·28 (95% UI: [3·64, 5·06]) percentage points and prevent 1600 (95% UI: [400, 3800]) and 30000 (95% UI: [10000, 58000]) CVD deaths in Belgium and Germany over 20 years, respectively. The 30% SSB tax was estimated to reduce obesity prevalence by 0·27 (95% UI: [0·17, 0·43]) and 0·27 (95% UI: [0·17, 0·39]) percentage points and postpone 2500 (95% UI: [800, 5200]) and 16000 (95% UI: [7500, 28000]) CVD deaths in Belgium and Germany, respectively. In both countries, SSB taxation had a larger impact on CVD deaths for lower (vs. higher) education groups, whereas calorie labelling prevented more CVD deaths for higher (vs. lower) education groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Menu calorie labelling and SSB taxation have substantial impacts on reducing obesity prevalence and preventing CVD deaths in Belgium and Germany. Implementing both policies will be important to tackle obesity and CVD burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationale for the Routine Screening of Lipoprotein (a) in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment.","authors":"Iulia Iatan, Marlys L Koschinsky, Logan Trenaman, Wei Zhang, George Thanassoulis, Liam R Brunham, G B John Mancini, Gordon A Francis","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a lipid particle identified by Mendelian randomization studies to be causally associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis, across ethnicities. The risk of cardiovascular disease with markedly elevated Lp(a) is equal to that of untreated familial hypercholesterolemia, and yet, up until now, there has been hesitancy in measuring Lp(a) as a routine part of cardiovascular risk assessment. Screening of Lp(a) level in all individuals is now recommended in the European and Canadian Lipid Guidelines and by the National Lipid Association. This review assesses how well measurement of Lp(a) meets accepted criteria for population screening of an analyte, based on established principles used for the selection of a new candidate for inclusion in screening programs. Lp(a) meets the majority of recommended principles for a routine population screening test, based on health, societal, and cost considerations. Incorporating Lp(a) into global assessment and management of cardiovascular risk will result in savings to health care systems, reinforce recommendations from growing numbers of clinical guidelines and consensus statements, and increase implementation of proactive preventive medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colchicine for Secondary Prevention in Established ASCVD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ahmed Abdelaziz, Ahmed Sobhy, Ahmed Nazmy, Karim Atta, Ahmed Elshahat, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Daniel Lorenzatti, Ashley Radparvar, Toshiki Kuno, Annalisa Filtz, Carl J Lavie, Martha Gulati, Deepak L Bhatt, Salim S Virani, Michael D Shapiro, Leandro Slipczuk","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of LDL-C-Lowering Therapies in First-time versus Recurrent Myocardial Infarction Prevention: A Meta-Analysis of Large-scale Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Bao-Qiang Guo, Hong-Bin Li, Bing Zhao, Peng-Wei Xu","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Reducing elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is central to global efforts to prevent myocardial infarction (MI). While many studies have evaluated LDL-C-lowering therapies in first-time and recurrent MI prevention, direct comparisons of their relative efficacy are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of LDL-C-lowering therapies in first-time versus recurrent MI prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched three databases until November 30, 2024, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least 1,000 patient-years of follow-up. Efficacy was quantified as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Differences in benefit magnitude were assessed using Cochran's Q test. Data were pooled with a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was measured using the I2 statistic. Additionally, we applied the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool to evaluate study quality and utilized the GRADE method to assess the certainty of the evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 22 large-scale RCTs involving 180,304 participants. In first-time MI prevention, LDL-C-lowering therapies achieved a remarkable 38% reduction in MI risk (12 RCTs; 79,604 participants; RR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.55-0.69]; P <0.001). In recurrent MI prevention, these therapies were associated with a more modest but significant 16% risk reduction (11 RCTs; 100,700 participants; RR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.80-0.88]; P <0.001). Importantly, the benefit magnitude between the two groups was significantly different (Q=22.63; P <0.001), highlighting the greater relative benefit in first-time MI prevention. Furthermore, the robustness of our findings was consistently supported by leave-one-out analyses, the absence of publication bias, high-quality GRADE evidence, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that LDL-C-lowering therapies may offer a greater benefit in preventing first-time MI compared to recurrent MI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing sleep, provoking harm? rethinking Z-drugs in heart failure.","authors":"Charles Fauvel, Iana Simova","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone mineral loss and risk of atrial fibrillation: A multicohort study.","authors":"Qingwei Yu, Yihu Yi, Yalan Li, Jie Wang, Shiqi Liu, Jun Lu, Chenxi Ouyang, Xiaoxiao Zhong, Hong Yuan, Yao Lu","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Existing evidence has supported a correlation between osteoporosis and vascular damage conditions, yet studies investigating heart rhythm dysfunction are scarce. This study aimed to explore the link between osteoporosis and atrial fibrillation (AF), with a particular focus on the potential role of genetic predisposition, sex, and circulating proteins.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based study included 495 549 participants from three independent cohorts. Cox proportional hazard models were conducted separately for each cohort and combined in a random-effect meta-analysis to determine the association between osteoporosis and AF. The role of genetic susceptibility, sex, and circulating proteins was further assessed in osteoporosis-related AF by integrating phenotype, gene, and protein data. The predictive performance was assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with individuals without osteoporosis, individuals with osteoporosis experienced an elevated risk of AF (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.01-1.89), independent of AF-related genetic susceptibility. Moreover, an obvious sex disparity was present in the osteoporosis-AF relationship in the primary cohort, with a higher risk of AF for osteoporosis males (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11-1.51 for males; HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.28 for females). 19 proteins were indicated to contribute to the relationship between osteoporosis and increased AF risk, with LMNB2 improving the predictive accuracy for the incidence of AF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research revealed an increased risk of AF in individuals with osteoporosis, especially in males. These findings highlight the need for regular heart rhythm monitoring in osteoporosis individuals, with LMNB2 potentially being a candidate marker for predicting AF incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steatotic Liver Disease as a Risk Enhancer in the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Guyu Zeng, Peizhi Wang, Weiwei Xu, Qinxue Li, Tianyu Li, Yue Tian, Bochuan Huang, Diederick Grobbee, Manuel Castro Cabezas, Jinqing Yuan","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf330","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is an overarching term to encompass metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), MASLD with increased alcohol intake (MetALD), and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). However, the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the association between SLD and mortality risk remains uncertain. This study aims to compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality across SLD subtypes stratified by MetS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based cohort study was conducted using NHANES Ⅲ data, including 9,217 participants stratified by MetS status and further categorized into no SLD, MASLD, MetALD, and ALD groups. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 26.4 years, 3,521 mortality events occurred. After adjustment, SLD with MetS was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with healthy controls (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.38-1.75). This association persisted across all SLD subtypes (MASLD: HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.34-1.72; MetALD: HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.41-2.62; ALD: HR 2.80, 95% CI 1.56-5.05). In contrast, no significant association was found between SLD subtypes without MetS and mortality risk. When stratified by MetS presence, MASLD, MetALD and ALD were each significantly associated with increased mortality risks compared to the no SLD group in individuals with MetS, primarily driven by high cancer-related and diabetes-related mortality. However, this association was not observed in the population without MetS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals that the significant association between SLD subtypes and mortality risk is mediated by MetS. To enhance risk stratification and improve long-term health outcomes, it is crucial to distinguish between MASLD, MetALD, and other SLD types while managing metabolic status and reducing alcohol consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between high occupational physical workload and ischemic heart disease, and the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness in 284,436 Swedish men.","authors":"Karin Berglund, Melody Almroth, Elin Ekblom-Bak, Daniel Falkstedt, Tomas Hemmingsson, Katarina Kjellberg","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the association between high occupational physical workload in mid-life and subsequent ischemic heart disease (IHD), and if this association is influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness assessed in youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 284 436 men, born 1951-1961, were compared in terms of occupational physical workload assessed with a job exposure matrix in 2005 (age 44-54) and followed up regarding IHD incidence and mortality, between 2006-2020 (age 45-69). Cardiorespiratory fitness in youth was assessed during military conscription, using a maximal cycle test. Cox regression and additive interaction modelling, using the synergy index (SI), were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High occupational physical workload in mid-life was associated with an increased risk of incident IHD (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.29-1.39) and IHD mortality (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.75-2.14), compared to having low occupational physical workload. The associations attenuated with adjustments for early life factors, e.g. socioeconomic position, body mass index, blood pressure, and highest attained education. However, they remained statistically significant; HR 1.06 (95 % CI 1.02-1.11) for incident IHD and HR 1.38 (95% CI 1.23-1.55) for IHD mortality. Having both low cardiorespiratory fitness in youth and later high physical workload showed the highest risk, indicating an additive interaction, but the SI was non-significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High occupational physical workload in mid-life was associated with increased risks of IHD incidence and mortality. The combination of low fitness and high workload showed the highest risks. These results encourage both workplace and public health interventions for variation in occupational physical workload and improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoprotein (a) and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in the Community: Impact of Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors.","authors":"Natalie Arnold, Alina Goßling, Benjamin Bay, Jessica Weimann, Christopher Blaum, Fabian J Brunner, Marco M Ferrario, Paolo Brambilla, Giancarlo Cesana, Valerio Leoni, Luigi Palmieri, Chiara Donfrancesco, Teresa Padró, Jonas Andersson, Pekka Jousilahti, Francisco Ojeda, Tanja Zeller, Allan Linneberg, Stefan Söderberg, Licia Iacoviello, Francesco Gianfagna, Susana Sans, Giovanni Veronesi, Barbara Thorand, Annette Peters, Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe, Frank Kee, Veikko Salomaa, Renate B Schnabel, Kari Kuulasmaa, Stefan Blankenberg, Christoph Waldeyer, Wolfgang Koenig","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Deleterious effects Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) might be mitigated by overall cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction. However, data on the relationship between increased Lp(a) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) according to the distribution of modifiable CV risk factors (CVRF) at baseline are still scarce. We investigated the association between high Lp(a) and incident CHD in the general population, depending on the presence/absence of four major CVRFs (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking) at baseline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall 66,495 CHD-free individuals from eight European prospective population-based cohorts were included. The cohort was stratified according to CVRF burden at baseline in \"0/1 CVRF\" (low risk; n= 41,770) and\"≥2 CVRFs\" (increased risk; n=24,725). Fine and Gray competing risk-adjusted models were calculated for the association between Lp(a) mass (<90th versus ≥90th percentile (pctl.); cut-off 43.2 mg/dL) and future CHD events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 9.7 years, 3,467 incident CHD events occurred. Despite being at very low absolute risk based on traditional CVRF, individuals with 0/1CVRF demonstrated a strong association between increased Lp(a) mass (≥90th pctl.) and future CHD events, which was comparable to the association observed among individuals with ≥2 CVRFs. The fully-adjusted sub-distribution Hazard Ratios [sHRs] for elevated Lp(a) were 1.38 (95% CI, 1.12-1.71) versus 1.27 (95% CI, 1.10-1.46) in those having 0/1 versus ≥2 CVRFs at baseline (Pinteraction0.50).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among CHD-free subjects, high Lp(a) was related to adverse outcome even in individuals with no or only one CVRF at baseline, thereby generating substantial challenges in mitigating Lp(a)-associated CHD risk in very low risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet and nutrition in cardiovascular disease prevention: a scientific statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology and the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions of the European Society of Cardiology.","authors":"Pedro Marques-Vidal, Vasiliki Tsampasian, Aedin Cassidy, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Christina Chrysohoou, Konstantinos Koskinas, W M Monique Verschuren, Michał Czapla, Maryam Kavousi, Matina Kouvari, Vassilios S Vassiliou, Demosthenes Panagiotakos","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What we eat is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, but health professionals may not have a clear understanding of the current evidence-based research to underpin eating habits and recommendations. This study aims to appraise existing evidence-based research on the importance of diet on CVD risk biomarkers, specifically, the effects of dietary patterns, specific foods, and constituents including vitamins/minerals and plant-derived bioactive compounds on CVD risk. Plant-based dietary patterns rich in minimally processed foods, vegetables, and fruits reduce CVD risk, while patterns rich in ultra-processed foods, meat, salt, sugar, and saturated fat increase risk. The Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and vegetarian diets reduce CVD risk, while vegan diets offer no additional benefit. Low-carbohydrate diets may be beneficial, but their long-term effect remains to be confirmed. Balanced distribution of caloric intake through different meals is associated with favourable effects. Fasting (e.g. alternate-day, intermittent, time-restricted, and periodic) can reduce CVD risk but is often challenging. Moderate coffee consumption is not associated with increased risk of CVD. The consumption of one unit of alcohol/day may contribute to a reduced cardiovascular risk without presenting an unfavourable risk profile. Generally, there is no evidence that vitamin and mineral supplementation reduces CVD risk. High potassium intake is beneficial in healthy individuals, calcium or selenium supplementation shows no added benefit, and high sodium intake is detrimental. Diet is a major component of CVD prevention, and health professionals should include dietary assessment and evidence-based recommendations in their clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}