European journal of preventive cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Lipoprotein (a) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: does high-sensitive C-reactive protein contribute and quo vadis?","authors":"Daniel A Duprez, David R Jacobs","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reappraisal of statin primary prevention trials: implications for identification of the statin-eligible primary prevention patient.","authors":"G B John Mancini, Arnold Ryomoto, Eunice Yeoh, Iulia Iatan, Liam R Brunham, Robert A Hegele","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf048","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Identification of patients eligible for primary prevention statin therapy is complex, often relying upon risk algorithms that diverge internationally. Our goal was to develop a simpler global definition of statin-eligible primary prevention patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) cited in North American and European dyslipidemia guidelines justifying primary prevention statins for cardiovascular risk reduction were critically reappraised according to eligibility criteria and characteristics of actual enrollees. Statin-eligibility based on meeting minimal enrolment criteria versus risks calculated using either the Framingham Risk Score, the Pooled Cohort Equation and the Systematic Coronary Risk Estimate 2 were contrasted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patient scenarios meeting minimal RCT eligibility criteria seldom attained high enough 10 year risk of events according to the algorithms tested and thus would not be eligible for statin therapy. Overall, enrollees were 63.9 ± 8.9 years (mean ± SD) with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) 3.53 ± 0.91 mmol/L. Enrollees in trials studying the lowest LDL-C levels were generally older and had additional risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results of primary prevention RCTs justify treatment of more subjects and lower risk subjects than current risk algorithm-based guidelines. Based on a synthesis of RCT inclusion/exclusion criteria and the characteristics of enrollees, we propose that a statin-indicated primary prevention subject is one who is 40 to 70 years with a low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥ 3.0 mmol/L or is 55 to 80 years with LDL-C ≥ 1.8 mmol/L and additional risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant cholesterol, plasma triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular disease events in young adults: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Eirik Aaseth, Sigrun Halvorsen, Ragnhild Helseth, Jørgen A Gravning","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate if elevated levels of cholesterol carried in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, marked by remnant cholesterol or plasma triglycerides, are associated with increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective cohort study. In year 2000, all 30-year-old inhabitants living in Oslo, Norway, were invited to the \"Oslo Health Study\" including a clinical examination and routine blood tests. Follow-up with respect to CVD events (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal ischemic stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) was obtained by linkage with national mandatory registries through 2022. We estimated the risk of CVD events in relation to levels of remnant cholesterol and plasma triglycerides at inclusion using Cox regression analysis. The risk of CVD events in relation to LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels was estimated as comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5939 participants were included (median age 31 years, 56% women). During a median follow-up time of 22 years, a CVD event occurred in 107 (1.8%) participants. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for CVD events per 0.5 mmol/L increase in remnant cholesterol concentrations was 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1-1.5). Per 1 mmol increase in plasma triglycerides and LDL-C concentrations, the aHR for CVD events was 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1-1.4) and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1-1.6), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Already at 31 years of age, higher concentrations of remnant cholesterol and plasma triglycerides were associated with increased risk of premature CVD events. We suggest that remnant cholesterol or plasma triglycerides are included in the risk assessment of young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential cardiovascular impacts of sodium salts: unveiling the distinct roles of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate-consequences for heart failure patients.","authors":"Dalil Sadki, Sami Fawaz, Jean-Sebastien Liegey, Yann Pucheu, Romain Boulestreau, Gauthier Beuque, Jeanne Foucher, Louise Hein, Thierry Couffinhal","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf020","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Misconceptions surrounding sodium compounds, particularly the interchangeable use of sodium and sodium chloride (table salt), persist within the medical community, influencing dietary recommendations and patient management especially in heart failure (HF) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This narrative review aims to dissect these misconceptions and discusses the physiological impacts of sodium, chloride, and sodium bicarbonate on cardiovascular (CV) physiology. The conflation of sodium and sodium chloride in dietary recommendations has obscured critical differences in their physiological effects. While sodium chloride is traditionally linked to hypertension, emerging evidence suggests that chloride, rather than sodium, may be the primary driver of hypertension and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In contrast, sodium bicarbonate, when administered orally, seems to exert minimal effects on blood pressure and plasma volume, offering a promising and safe way for managing HF patients with renal insufficiency. Indeed, the therapeutic benefits of sodium bicarbonate in CKD patients, including preservation of muscle mass, slowing of renal function decline, lowering of all-cause mortality, and improved nutritional status, are quite proven; this underscores its potential utility in patients suffering from both HF and renal insufficiency. Despite concerns about metabolic alkalosis, recent studies suggest that judicious sodium bicarbonate therapy may mitigate major adverse cardiac events without exacerbating HF. This review advocates for a paradigm shift in CV medicine, urging clinicians to discern between sodium chloride and other sodium salts, particularly sodium bicarbonate, in patient care. By elucidating these distinctions, clinicians can tailor dietary recommendations and therapeutic interventions to optimize outcomes for HF patients with CKD and address the multi-faceted complexities of atherosclerotic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Immunity to Predict Cardiovascular Risk.","authors":"Antonin Trimaille, Gaetano Santulli","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A call to action on pregnancy-related lifestyle interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk in the offspring. A Scientific Statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the ESC.","authors":"Trine Moholdt, Christina Aye, Martin Bahls, Fatima Crispi, Chahinda Ghossein-Doha, Eva Goossens, Henner Hanssen, Aparna Kulkarni, Adam J Lewandowski, Dominique Mannaerts, Siri Ann Nyrnes, Monica Tiberi, Emeline Van Craenenbroeck","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, and prematurity, can increase the risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the offspring. This document aims to raise recognition of the impact of maternal health on offspring cardiometabolic health and to highlight research gaps on how to mitigate this risk via pregnancy-related lifestyle interventions. Lifestyle interventions initiated before, during, or after pregnancy hold great promise to prevent and manage adverse maternal outcomes. Still, there is limited evidence for the effect of such interventions on CVD-related outcomes in the offspring. In this document, we \"Call for action\" concerning research investigating how pregnancy-related lifestyle interventions can reduce CVD risk in the offspring. There is a need to overcome barriers to recruit individuals who need such interventions the most, to better design strategies for increased adherence, and to include relevant measurements in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Added predictive value of childhood physical fitness to traditional risk factors for adult cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Brooklyn J Fraser, Leigh Blizzard, Grant R Tomkinson, Terence Dwyer, Alison J Venn, Costan G Magnussen","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Childhood physical fitness is a predictor of cardiovascular (CV) health but is underutilised in health surveillance. This study determined the predictive utility of child physical fitness levels on obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adulthood over traditional CV risk factors in childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A longitudinal cohort study of Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study participants who had their fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF): 1.6 km run/walk, physical work capacity at 170 beats per minute; muscular fitness: dominant handgrip strength, standing long jump) measured as children and their CV health assessed as children and adults (mean follow-up=27 years). Participants had their body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood sample (lipids, glucose), and smoking status assessed as children in 1985 and in early adulthood (2004-06, 26-36 years) and/or middle adulthood (2014-19, 36-49 years) where obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and MetS were defined. Logistic regression was used to model associations (N range=578-5049).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Additionally considering childhood CRF or muscular fitness improved the ability to discriminate and fit models to predict adult obesity, low HDL-C and MetS when added to demographics (age, sex) and the corresponding measure in childhood (BMI, HDL-C, CV risk score), as reflected by increments in area under the curve (Δrange=0.003-0.022), net reclassification index (range=0.026-0.149), integrated discrimination index (range=0.003-0.027), reductions in deviance and Brier scores, and statistically significant likelihood ratio tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRF and muscular fitness are independent health indicators that could complement other risk factors in childhood to identify individuals at increased long-term CV risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and Joint Effects of Red Blood Cell Traits on Hypertension: A Longitudinal Analysis.","authors":"Zhen He, Zekai Chen, Yuxian Wang, Hailun Qin, Weiqiang Wu, Peng Fu, Shuohua Chen, Shouling Wu, Youren Chen","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Previous reports found positive associations between RBC traits (RBC count and hemoglobin) and hypertension, but their individual and joint effects on new-onset hypertension by sex are unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study involved 51,663 adults from the Kailuan Cohort. We utilized weighted Cox regression models to evaluate the individual and joint effects of RBC count and hemoglobin on new-onset hypertension by sex. Restricted cubic splines regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to evaluate the nonlinear relationships and depict the differential survival probabilities, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the longitudinal analysis regarding individual effects, we found positive associations between RBC count and hemoglobin with new-onset hypertension in both men and women. As for joint effects, we discovered that subjects with higher RBC counts than the median but lower hemoglobin values than the median, labeled as RBC (+) & Hemoglobin (-), had a higher risk of hypertension in women (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.39) compared to those categorized as RBC (-) & Hemoglobin (-), yet not in men. Additionally, subjects with lower RBC values than the median but higher hemoglobin values than the median, denoted as RBC (-) & Hemoglobin (+), exhibited an increased risk of hypertension in men (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.18) compared to those classified as RBC (-) & Hemoglobin (-), but not in women. These findings were consistent in sensitivity and cross-sectional analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that RBC count primarily plays a role in women's hypertension, while hemoglobin mainly affects hypertension in men.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty trajectories after a cardiovascular event among community-dwelling older people.","authors":"Aung Zaw Zaw Phyo, Andrew Tonkin, Sara E Espinoza, Swarna Vishwanath, Anne M Murray, Robyn L Woods, Kathryn E Callahan, Ruth Peters, Joanne Ryan","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are more likely to become frail. However, no study has determined whether an incident CVD event alters frailty trajectories in older individuals. This study aims to determine the extent to which an incident CVD event modifies frailty trajectories and to identify factors that influence those changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>19,111 individuals (56.4%, women) ≥aged 65 years, who had no prior CVD event or other major health conditions at baseline, were followed for up to 11 years. Frailty was measured annually using the 64-item deficit-accumulation frailty index (FI) and Fried phenotype (Fried). Incident CVD events, including stroke, myocardial infarction and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), were adjudicated by international experts. Linear mixed models were used to measure frailty changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median 8.3-year follow-up, frailty trajectories increased over time and 1934 incident CVD events occurred. Following a CVD event, individuals had a short-term increase in both FI (adjusted-betas: 3.65; 95%CI, 3.34 to 3.96) and Fried (adjusted-beta: 0.32; 95%CI, 0.26 to 0.38). Afterwards, only FI continued to increase over time (adjusted-beta: 0.41, 95%CI, 0.21 to 0.62). Among the CVD events, HHF and stroke were associated with the greatest increase in frailty. Of the factors examined, being >80 years, women, living alone, or residing in regional/remote areas were associated with greater frailty burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings provide evidence that incident CVD event increases frailty burden, highlighting the need for targeted intervention to minimise frailty-related clinical complications for those most at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High remnant cholesterol and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in healthy women and men ages 70-100.","authors":"Julie Riis, Børge G Nordestgaard, Shoaib Afzal","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>High remnant cholesterol has been increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, uncertainty remains regarding this association in old age. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that higher remnant cholesterol is associated with higher incidence of ASCVD in healthy women and men aged 70-100.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>90,875 women (57%) and men aged 20-100 and without ASCVD, diabetes, or lipid-lowering therapy at baseline were included in the Copenhagen General Population Study in 2003-2015. During a median follow-up of 12.8 years, 7,352 were diagnosed with ASCVD. Incidence rates and hazard ratios were calculated according to age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest incidence rate of ASCVD was observed in individuals aged 70-100 with a remnant cholesterol level >1.0 mmol/L (>39 mg/dL) (23 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21-25). Likewise, incidence rates of ASCVD per 1.0 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) higher remnant cholesterol were highest in individuals aged 70-100. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for 1.0 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) higher remnant cholesterol was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.20-1.44) in those aged 70-100, which was comparable to hazard ratios in younger age groups. Similar relationships were observed for women and men separately.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher remnant cholesterol was associated with higher incidence of ASCVD in those aged 70-100. The present results suggest that while relative rates of ASCVD for high versus low remnant cholesterol do not increase with higher age, elevated remnant cholesterol contribute substantially to the absolute risk of ASCVD at age 70-100.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}