European journal of preventive cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Burden and Long-term Impact of Pulmonary Embolism on Health-related Quality of Life: a Matched Cohort Study.","authors":"Luca Valerio, Thomas Grochtdreis, Anna C Mavromanoli, Ioannis T Farmakis, Christina Abele, Thomas Neusius, Katharina Mohr, Konstantinos C Christodoulou, Lukas Hobohm, Karsten Keller, Alexander Konnopka, Stefano Barco, Stavros V Konstantinides","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>It has not been conclusively established whether and to what extent pulmonary embolism (PE) affects health-related quality of life (HrQoL). We aimed to assess the long-term independent association of PE with HrQoL to provide reference values for interventional studies and support quantification of the burden of PE in terms of quality- or disability-adjusted life years (QALYs and DALYs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1005 patients from a prospective multicenter study, followed 3 and 12 months after PE, were successfully matched to 3058 individuals from the general population of the same country based on age, sex, and key comorbidities. Differences between acute PE survivors and matched controls in the ordinal EQ-5D-5L HrQoL dimensions were assessed using multivariable ordinal regression, in the HrQoL index (reflecting overall HrQoL) using multivariable-adjusted mixed linear regression. Both multiple imputation and complete case analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with controls, patients reported worse HrQoL in the dimensions self-care, usual activities, and anxiety/depression, and worse HrQoL index at both 3 (adjusted difference -0.04 [95% CI: -0.06, -0.039] in a range from 0 to 1) and 12 months (-0.02 [95% CI: -0.04, -0.01]) in the imputation analysis. Complete case analysis showed similar results. The annual disability weight of PE for DALY calculation was conservatively estimated at 0.03 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PE was independently associated with a moderate decrease in HrQoL, which persisted 12 months after the acute episode despite partial recovery over time. This degree of impairment is comparable to that imposed by several other cardiopulmonary diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Very-High HDL-C and Association with Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality.","authors":"Bharat Rawlley, Kartik Gupta, Pratyaksh P Vaishnav, Sachin S Parikh, Salim S Virani, Srikanth Yandrapalli, Andrew Weinberg, Debanik Chaudhuri","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf297","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Cost-Effectiveness Gap in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention for Statin-Intolerant Patients.","authors":"Jerrin S Phillip, Christie M Ballantyne","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease (INTERBLEED): a case control study.","authors":"Jacqueline Bosch, Martin O'Donnell, Qilong Yi, Paul Moayyedi, Marco Alings, Alvaro Avezum, Shrikant I Bangdiwala, Alan Barkun, Federico Cassella, Aloisio Marchi da Rocha, Irfan Duzen, Robert Enns, Nauzer Forbes, Leah Hamilton, Mustafa Kilickap, Paul Kruger, Yan Liang, Jose C Nicolau, Rafael Belo Nunes, Gustavo Oliviera, Alejandro Rey, Islam Shofiqul, Yihong Sun, Thomas Vanassche, Peter Verhamme, Michael Walsh, Zhenyu Wang, Cynthia Wu, Li Zhao, Jun Zhu, John W Eikelboom","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to identify and quantify the importance of risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients with CV disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case-control study in 9 countries in Asia, America, Europe, and Australia. Cases were patients with CV disease with GI bleeding. Controls were patients with CV without a history of GI bleeding. All participants completed a baseline standardized assessment. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and average population attributable fractions (aPAFs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between September 2015 and December 2022, we enrolled 2,519 cases and 2,202 controls. Independent risk factors for GI bleeding were age (age 71+: OR 4.16, 95% CI 3.48-4.97; age 61-70: OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.39-2.04; age ≤60 as reference), underweight (OR 3.38, 95% CI 2.24-5.10; aPAF 1.6%, 95% CI 1.0-2.0%), current smoker (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.09-1.58; aPAF 1.5%, 95% CI 0.6-2.5); chronic kidney disease (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.62-2.14; aPAF 8.8%, 95% CI 7.0-9.6%), prior stroke (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.30-1.88, aPAF 2.6%, 95% CI 1.2-4.0%), glucocorticoids (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.34-2.16, aPAF 1.8%, 95% CI 1.3-2.9%), NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.45-2.29; aPAF 2.2%, 95% CI 1.3-3.0%), liver disease (OR 3.68, 95% CI 2.77-4.89; aPAF 3.5%, 95% CI 2.8-4.2%), peptic ulcer disease (OR 3.38, 95% CI 2.66-4.31; aPAF 4.8%, 95% CI 3.8-5.7%), diverticular disease (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.46-2.24; aPAF 2.8%, 1.9-3.6%) and antithrombotic therapy within 6 months (aPAF 7.6%, 95% CI 4.3-12.8%). Overall aPAF adjusted for age, sex and region was 37.3% (95% CI 33.0-42.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Potentially modifiable risk factors are associated with only about one third of the aPAF for GI bleeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and peripheral artery disease: a large-scale cohort study and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mie Balling, Børge G Nordestgaard, Anne Langsted, Anette Varbo, Pia R Kamstrup, Shoaib Afzal","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>High levels of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol is associated with increased risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke; however, data on peripheral artery disease is sparse and results inconclusive. We tested the hypothesis that higher levels of sdLDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of peripheral artery disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied 31,036 individuals free of lipid-lowering therapy, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke with measurements of sdLDL cholesterol at study entry in 2013-2017. During a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 155 were diagnosed with peripheral artery disease. The association was confirmed using ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤0.9 as an endpoint. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of current and previous studies was conducted in 46,748 individuals including 660 peripheral artery disease cases. Lastly, as a comparison across different vascular beds, risk estimates for myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In multivariable adjusted models per 1 mmol/L(37 mg/dL) higher sdLDL cholesterol, the hazard ratio for peripheral artery disease was 2.06(95%CI: 1.45-2.92) while the odds ratio for ABI ≤0.9 was 1.53(1.08-2.15). Fixed and random effect meta-analysis risk estimates for peripheral artery disease did not differ and was 1.62(1.27-2.06) for the highest versus the lowest quartile of sdLDL cholesterol. For the 91st-100th versus the 1st-50th percentiles of sdLDL cholesterol, we found hazard ratios of 2.59(1.55-4.33) for peripheral artery disease, 2.18(1.58-3.02) for myocardial infarction, and 1.84(1.37-2.48) for ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher levels of sdLDL cholesterol were robustly associated with increased risk of peripheral artery disease in the present study and in a meta-analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the CARE-DM model to predict the cardiovascular risk in older persons with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Valerie Aponte Ribero, Orestis Efthimiou, Heba Alwan, Douglas C Bauer, Séverine Henrard, Gérard Waeber, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Nicolas Rodondi, Cinzia Del Giovane, Baris Gencer","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>No cardiovascular risk prediction model dedicated to individuals aged ≥70 years with diabetes is currently recommended by the European Society of Cardiology. We aimed to develop a new model, CArdiovascular Risk Estimation - Diabetes Mellitus (CARE-DM), to predict the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older adults with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a model to predict the risk of incident CVD in participants aged ≥65 years with diabetes using data from four population-based prospective cohorts, accounting for the competing risk of non-cardiovascular death. Prespecified predictors were age, gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, use of antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering and glucose-lowering medication, diabetes duration, and glycated hemoglobin. We assessed model performance using measures of calibration and discrimination. We used a 10-fold cross-validation and a bootstrapping approach to correct estimates for optimism, and conducted an internal-external cross-validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6'943 participants (median age 72 years, 56% women) with diabetes were included in model development. Over a median follow-up of 6.3 [IQR 3.7, 7.2] years, 1'204 (17.3%) participants experienced a CVD event. Internal validation with optimism correction showed adequate model performance with a c-index of 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.63-0.67), an observed-to-expected ratio of 1.01 (0.95-1.08), and a calibration slope of 1.13 (0.95-1.31) at 5 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The new CARE-DM model allows prediction of the incident CVD risk in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Independent external validation should be conducted to confirm the model's performance before implementation in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between sweetened beverage consumption, degenerative valvular heart disease, and related events: a prospective study from UK Biobank.","authors":"Cheng Wei, Wen Gong, Binyi Xu, Bilian Yu, Shenghua Zhou, Zhaowei Zhu","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf293","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>There are no effective medications to prevent the onset of degenerative valvular heart disease (VHD). Sweetened beverage consumption may contribute to the development of VHD by affecting metabolic disorders, systemic inflammation, and calcification processes. This study aimed to prospectively assess the association between sweetened beverage consumption and the risk of degenerative VHD.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This prospective study included 167,801 participants from the UK Biobank who completed at least one dietary questionnaire. During a median follow-up of 14.53 years, 1,464 cases of aortic valve stenosis (AS) events, 584 cases of aortic valve regurgitation (AR) events, and 1,744 cases of mitral valve regurgitation (MR) events were recorded. Compared with non-consumers, participants consuming more than one drink per day of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) had a higher risk of AS (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10-1.68), AR (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.02-2.00), MR (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10-1.64). Similarly, the consumption of more than one drink of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) was associated with an increased incidence of MR (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.22-1.77). In contrast, no significant association was observed between the consumption of natural juices (NJs) and VHD risk. Results for VHD-related interventions, deaths, or cardiovascular events were largely consistent. Substituting SSBs or ASBs per day with NJs was associated with a reduced risk of MR (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.94) events or AS (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69-0.94) events, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lower consumption of SSBs or ASBs may reduce the risk of degenerative VHD and VHD-related events.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Diagnosis of Diabetes in Patients with Myocardial Infarction or Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Marwa Douelrachad, Alexander Thistle, Hibo Rijal, Ari Ochuba, Calvin Ke, Charlotte Lee, Manav V Vyas","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>What proportion of patients with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke get a new diagnosis of diabetes (NDD) at the time of hospitalization is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase from database inception to January 30, 2025, to select English-language observational studies that included adult patients with MI or stroke and reported the number of patients with NDD. The denominator was patients without diabetes. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Random effects meta-analyses were used to calculate the pooled proportion of NDD in patients with MI or stroke. Heterogeneity was explored in subgroup analyses, and any change over time was evaluated using meta-regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>82 studies that included 9440 patients with NDD were identified. Included studies were of good methodological quality: 17 (22%) tested all eligible patients for diabetes, and 19 (23%) used registry-based samples. 16.0% (95% confidence interval, 14.3 to 17.7, n = 52) patients with MI had NDD, and 15.3% (95% CI 12.5 to 18.0, n = 30) patients with stroke had NDD, albeit with high heterogeneity. The pooled proportion was higher when OGTT was used to diagnose diabetes. The proportion of NDD did not change over the last 30 years (0.1% per year decline; 95% CI -0.3% to 0.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among patients admitted with MI or stroke, one in six gets a new diagnosis of diabetes. Improving diabetes screening could help identify people before having a diabetes-related cardiovascular event.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Life's Essential 8 Score Reduces the Risk of Aortic Valve Calcification.","authors":"Man Gui, Shuohua Chen, Yihao Qi, Jianjiao Wang, Ying Gao, Ying Han, Jialing Deng, Maoxiang Zhao, Peipei Liu, Naihui Zhao, Lu Guo, Shouling Wu, Fengmei Xing","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to investigate the association between Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and Aortic Valve Calcification (AVC) and to evaluate whether a high LE8 score can effectively reduce the risk of AVC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 30,561 participants from the Kailuan cohort who completed the Kailuan health examination and underwent ultrasound evaluations. A multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between LE8 score and AVC, along with subgroup analyses and an analysis of the impact of each component of LE8 on AVC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 30,561 participants, 3,717(12.16%) cases of AVC were detected, with a detection rate of 12.16%. The detection rate of AVC significantly decreased with increased LE8 (P<0.001). The risk of AVC was reduced by 34% in the moderate Cardiovascular Health (CVH) group (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.60-0.72) and by 63% in the high CVH group (OR=0.37, 95% CI 0.27-0.50). For each standard deviation increase in the LE8 score, the risk of AVC decreased by 23% (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.74-0.80). Analysis of the individual components of LE8 revealed that diet, exercise, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure were all associated with the reduced risk of AVC. In contrast, no impact of sleep and smoking on AVC risk was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study indicates that a high LE8 score was associated with low AVC risk, suggesting a new prevention strategy through healthy behaviors and lifestyle changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trend and attributable risk factors of cardiovascular disease burden for adults 55 years and older in 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2021: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Ming-Si Wang, Jing-Wen Deng, Wan-Yue Geng, Rui Zheng, Hui-Lin Xu, Ying Dong, Wei-Dong Huang, Yi-Lan Li","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwae384","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwae384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The ageing global population and overall population growth have significantly increased the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aims to examine global temporal trends in the incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates of both overall and type-specific CVDs among adults aged 55 and older from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on identifying changes over time, regional disparities, and the key risk factors contributing to this burden.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We analysed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, covering 204 countries and territories. Trends in age-standardized rates of incidence, DALY, and mortality for both overall and specific types of CVDs were assessed, alongside the impact of key risk factors. Between 1990 and 2021, global age-standardized incidence, DALY, and mortality rates showed a declining trend, with estimated annual percentage changes of -0.39, -1.30, and -1.11, respectively. However, due to overall population growth and ageing, the absolute number of CVD cases continued to rise. Regions with high-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) exhibited the highest incidence and mortality rates, while high SDI regions saw the greatest declines. Men had higher age-standardized rates of CVD incidence, DALY, and mortality compared with women. The burden increased with age, with the oldest age groups (80+ years) showing the highest rates. High systolic blood pressure was the leading modifiable risk factor, contributing to more than half of the CVD-related DALY globally. Other major risk factors included high LDL cholesterol, smoking, and ambient particulate matter pollution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While age-standardized rates of CVD incidence, DALY, and mortality have declined over the past three decades, the total burden of CVDs continues to rise due to population ageing and growth. These findings highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies in regions with high CVD burden, particularly those with lower socioeconomic status.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"539-552"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}