European Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Concurrent delayed recurrence of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors in orbital and sellar/suprasellar regions in an older adult.","authors":"Shota Yamashita, Michiko Yokosawa, Sadahide Ono, Takayuki Sugawara, Naoto Kimura, Hidenori Endo","doi":"10.1177/11206721241277251","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241277251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNETs) are rare and aggressive small round cell tumors, tending to occur in the thoracic and paravertebral soft tissues in children and young adults. This report describes an exceptionally rare case of concurrent delayed recurrence of pPNET in the orbital and sellar/suprasellar regions in an older adult, with a discussion supported by a literature review.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report an 82-year-old woman with a history of orbital pPNETs resection at age 62, followed by gamma knife radiosurgery for local recurrence at age 66. She presented left eye pain, left eye protrusion, decreased vision in the right eye, and right homonymous hemianopia. MRI revealed extensive lesions in the left orbital cavity and sellar/suprasellar region, contiguous through the optic canal. The recurrent tumor was treated through a two-stage resection via transcranial and transsphenoidal approaches, which resulted in symptom improvement and a pathologic diagnosis of pPNETs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights a highly rare instance of late-onset orbital pPNETs recurrence in an elderly patient, with evidence suggesting tumor progression into the sellar/suprasellar regions through the optic canal.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-function relationship of reading performance in patients with early to moderate glaucoma.","authors":"Serpil Akar, Oya Tekeli, Aysun Idil, Zeynep Kayaarasi Ozturker","doi":"10.1177/11206721241231330","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241231330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess reading performance in patients with mild to moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and to determine the relationship between reading ability and visual field (VF), microperimetry, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Reading performance of 30 POAG patients examined by the Minnesota Reading Acuity Chart (MNREAD) was compared to that of 21 age-matched controls collected from Ankara University in Turkey. Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) 24-2 SITA Standard and 10-2 patterns, and microperimetry were used for VF measurements. All subjects underwent OCT analysis for retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), optic nerve head (ONH) measurements, and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT). The linear relationship between reading parameters and VF, microperimetry, and OCT parameters was investigated. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors for glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In POAG patients, maximum reading speed (MRS) had a significant association with average rim area, mean cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), and cup volume (<i>p</i> < 0.05, for all). Decreased MRS was associated with thinner average GCIPLT and inferotemporal, superior, and inferior GCIPLT quadrants (<i>p</i> < 0.05, for all). Global index values for the HFA 24-2/10-2 tests, microperimetry, and ONH/RNFLT parameters had no correlation with reading performance. After accounting for the better and worse eyes, gender, education, age, and visual acuity of the glaucoma patients, MRS score was 23 units lower in the worse eye (<i>p</i> = 0.009), critical print size (CPS) was 0.21 units larger in the better eye (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and 0.25 units larger in the worse eye (<i>p</i> < 0.001), reading accesibility index (ACC) was 0.11 units lower in the better eye (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and 0.13 units lower in the worse eye (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and RA was 0.13 units higher in the worse eye (<i>p</i> = 0.003) of POAG patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>POAG had significantly lower reading performance when compared to healthy subjects. Reading speed was associated with decreased macular GCIPLT indicating that reading performance may be affected in the earlier stages of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139702162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of tear substitute utility after anti-VEGF intravitreal injection.","authors":"Cagini Carlo, Maria Poddi, Stefano Mocini, Niccolò Boni, Francesco Damiani, Michele Apponi Battini, Giuseppe Mirabella, Mario Tataranno","doi":"10.1177/11206721241234427","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241234427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of a polyethylene glycol 400 - propylene glycol - hydroxypropyl guar - hyaluronic acid eye drops in relieving the symptoms of dry eye syndrome after anti-VEGF intravitreal injection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized, parallel-group study, patients were randomized to receive standard therapy alone or study eye drops plus standard therapy. Patients enrolled were older than 50 with exudative age-related macular degeneration, who have never had intravitreal injections, and without severe dry eye condition or severe ocular or systemic conditions. Patients had baseline preoperative evaluation (V0), and successively after 15 (V1) and 30 (V2) days. At VO and V1 T-BUT, Schirmer's test, fluorescein staining, DEQ5 and OSDI questionnaires were performed and at V2 (30) the OSDI questionnaire was administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>80 patients were included in the study, of them 40 received standard therapy plus study eye drops. DEQ5 questionnaire showed an increase in the control group between the values at V0 and V1, while in the study group a decrease was observed. No changes in T-BUT, Schirmer, and fluorescein staining values between V0 and V1 were observed in both groups. OSDI data in the control group showed no statistically significant differences, while in the study group they showed a statistically significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study patients undergoing for the first time intravitreal treatment presented dry eye symptoms in the postoperative period: in this group of patients the use of a tears substitute reduces postoperative ocular discomfort.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139930665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of sleep timings, duration, consistency, and chronotype with premyopia and myopia among Indian children.","authors":"Azfira Hussain, Arbaaz Mohammad, Asha Tharsis, Akshay Badakere, Sumita Agarkar","doi":"10.1177/11206721241231335","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241231335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To explore the association of sleep timings, duration, consistency, and chronotype with premyopia and myopia among Indian children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 453 children, aged 6-12 years. Two myopia participants were selected for each individual with the corresponding premyopia or emmetropia. All children underwent cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometric tests. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and parental information on behavioral habits were used to assess the association of sleep parameters with myopia and premyopia using logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both myopia and premyopia exhibited significant late bedtime, short sleep duration, early wakeup time on only weekdays, and longer weekend catch-up sleep than emmetropia children (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, late bedtime (more than 24:00 a.m.) on weekdays (Odds ratio, OR = 3.63, 95% CI [0.74, 8.68]) as well as on free days (OR = 1.04, 95% CI [0.02, 8.08]); and early wake-up time only on weekdays (5:00-6:00 a.m., OR = 2.16, 95% CI [0.24, 6.76] and 06:00-07:00 a.m., OR = 2.42, 95% CI [0.51, 8.44]) were associated with increased risk of myopia (all p < 0.05) but not premyopia. After adjusting the confounding factors, when each of the eight CSHQ subscale components was analyzed, only bedtime resistance, night waking, and daytime sleepiness scores were significantly associated with a higher risk for premyopia and myopia (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sleep quality components, including bedtime resistance, night waking, and daytime sleepiness, equally involve a higher risk for myopia as well as premyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139706469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability of swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography automated macular vessel density.","authors":"Clara Monferrer-Adsuara, Lidia Remolí-Sargues, Catalina Navarro-Palop, Enrique Cervera-Taulet, Javier Montero-Hernández, Pascual Medina-Bessó, Verónica Castro-Navarro","doi":"10.1177/11206721241233620","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241233620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Ratio Analysis (OCTARA) is capable of visualizing inner and outer retinal vascular plexuses, choriocapillaris, and larger choroidal vasculature in vivo without contrast injection. The aim of this study was to assess the intrasession repeatability of automated vessel density measurements using Triton Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) innovative algorithm OCTARA in retinal and choroidal vasculature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To study population between 65-90 years old with no eye diseases. For each subject measurements were performed four times. The intraclass correlation coefficient and the coefficient of variation were calculated to analyze repeatability of the OCTARA automatically generated vessel density measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 35 eyes were included in the study. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the global vessel density in the superficial capillary plexus and the deep capillary plexus were 0.963 and 0.975, respectively, and the coefficient of variation were 5.4% and 4.4%, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the rest of the global measurements was indicative of good reliability with the exception of the deep choroid layer with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.6 indicative of moderate reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results proved excellent repeatability of automated vessel density measurements in the superficial and deep capillary plexus layers in our cohort using a OCTARA algorithm indicating that it may be a reliable diagnostic tool. It also showed good reliability in choriocapillary and mid choroid layer. These findings may be of value in assessing the significance of differences in capillary density measurements over time and across different settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of Schirmer's tear strips and borosilicate glass tubes in chemical analysis of human tear fluid: A practical check in VEGF detection.","authors":"Janusz Pieczyński, Jolanta Kiewisz","doi":"10.1177/11206721241238879","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241238879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human tears contain a number of agents which may play an important role in diagnosing local eye disorders as well as systemic diseases. The small amount of fluid obtained during the collection and the consequent difficulty in analysing it are the main problems encountered in the diagnostic process.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We decided to investigate the practical usefulness of two simple methods of collecting tear fluid for chemical analysis, i.e., glass tubes and Schirmer's strips. The substance analyzed was vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a compound commonly recognized in ophthalmology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used standard Schirmer's tear test and calibrated glass tubes for tear fluid collection in healthy volunteers. The standard ELISA assay was used to check the effectiveness of the tear sampling by estimating the VEGF level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study show that Schirmer's tear strip test is a more effective tool of the two. Moreover, using Schirmer's strips to obtain tear fluid was found to be more patient friendly and amounts of the tear fluid collected with that test were enough and better for the VEGF detection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study indicates that the widely used Schirmer tear test may be the best method of tear collection for chemical analysis. However, further studies on test calibration are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel compound heterozygous variants in <i>LTBP2</i> associated with relative anterior microphthalmos.","authors":"Peimin Lin, Jie Xu, Ao Miao, Yi Lu, Yongxiang Jiang, Tianyu Zheng","doi":"10.1177/11206721241240503","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241240503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Relative anterior microphthalmos (RAM) is a rare congenital defect associated with severe vision impairment that is primarily caused by genetic alterations. The purpose of this study was to identify the causative genetic variants in two Chinese families with RAM with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DNA samples were obtained from two probands and their family members. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to screen 425 genes associated with inherited eye diseases to identify possible disease-causing variants in the two patients. Sanger sequencing was subsequently used to validate the results in both families.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The targeted NGS panel identified potentially causative novel variants of the latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2 (<i>LTBP2</i>) gene in the two RAM families: a missense variant (c.2771C > T; p.Ala924Val) and an intronic variant (c.4582 + 9A > G) in Family A and a different missense variant (c.5239C > A; p.Arg1747Ser) and a synonymous variant (c.951G > A; p.Pro317Pro) in Family B. These four novel variants all cosegregated with the disease phenotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first study to report novel <i>LTBP2</i> gene variants related to RAM. Considering the importance of LTBP2 in ocular development, we provide initial insights into the potential pathogenic mechanisms of LTBP2 in RAM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140305281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior staphyloma-induced serous maculopathy: Evolution and successful treatment with subthreshold micro pulse Laser.","authors":"Rupal Kathare, Priyanka Gandhi, Vishma Prabhu, Snehal Bavaskar, Jay Chhablani, Ramesh Venkatesh","doi":"10.1177/11206721241272249","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241272249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the evolution of posterior staphyloma-induced serous maculopathy (PSISM) in a patient with myopic tilted disc syndrome and its treatment with subthreshold micro pulse laser (SMPL) therapy.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 38-year-old male, diagnosed previously with classical features of myopic tilted disc syndrome presented to the retina clinic after 5 years from the initial presentation with blurred vision in the right eye for 6 months, visual acuity of 6/15 and findings of serous macular detachment (SMD) and subretinal precipitates at the upper margin of the posterior staphyloma. Retinal imaging ruled out other causes of SMD such as chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, myopic macular neovascularisation and dome shaped macula. A diagnosis of PSISM was confirmed. The left eye fundus and macula was normal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confluent SMPL burns were applied across the SMD. The serous maculopathy resolved over a period of 2 months and visual acuity improved to 6/9. No recurrence of SMD was noted even after 14 months post SMPL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PSISM develops gradually in eyes with myopic titled disc syndrome. SMPL is a viable therapeutic option in the management of PSISM and should be considered early in the treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic ability of the corneal anterior and posterior surface area calculated by corneal modelling approach in early stage keratoconus patients.","authors":"Bahadır Özelbaykal, Ozan Kaya, Burcu Kasım, Tolga Birkandan, Yusuf Koçluk","doi":"10.1177/11206721241272151","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241272151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the discrimination ability of the corneal anterior and posterior surface area between patients with keratoconus stage 1 and normal individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 116 eyes of 116 normal individuals and 366 eyes of 366 keratoconus patients were included. Keratoconus patients were divided into six groups according to the topographic keratoconus classification of Pentacam. Anterior and posterior surface data of sagittal (SM) and elevation maps (EM) were exported from Pentacam, and human corneal models were created employing the software utilizing the PyVista module of Python programming language. The anterior and posterior corneal surface area (a-CSA and p-CSA) of SM and EM were calculated by the software ranging from central 3 to 8mm diameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anterior and posterior CSA values were higher in KC patients compared to normal individuals (p < 0.001). The p-CSA for SM and EM measured at the central 3mm was higher in patients with KC-1 compared to normal eyes (<i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>p</i> = 0.005, respectively), For both maps, a-CSA and p-CSA measured at the central 4 and 5mm were higher in KC-1 compared to normal individuals (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest area under the curve (AUC) values in the diagnosis patients with KC-1 were obtained from 3mm p-CSA for SM (AUC: 0.8338), 3mm p-CSA for EM (AUC: 0.7999), 4mm p-CSA for SM (AUC: 0.8531), 4mm p-CSA for EM (AUC:0.7948), 5mm p-CSA for SM (AUC: 0.8455), 5mm p-CSA for EM (AUC:0.7614).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The corneal surface area as a parameter, especially for central 3, 4, and 5mm, has a discrimination ability in diagnosing keratoconus disease and distinguishes normal eyes from KC-1 eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pachychoroid neovascular membrane in a patient with sickle cell disease trait.","authors":"Carlos Miguel Córdoba-Ortega, Juan D Arias Aristizabal, María Suta Figueroa, Valentina Pérez-Vergara, Dayron Martínez Pulgarin","doi":"10.1177/11206721241278392","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241278392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a rare presentation of pachychoroid neovascular membrane in a patient with sickle cell trait and the accuracy of ruling out hemoglobinopathies in the presentation of pachychoroid spectrum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patient was subjected to physical examinations, multimodal images (fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography), hemoglobin electrophoresis, and peripheral blood smear, documenting sickle cell trait. The management included laser treatment to target non-perfusion areas, along with a single dose of anti-VEGF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 45-year-old male patient with diagnosis of pachychoroid neovascularization treated for 6 years with multiple anti VEGF injections in the left eye. A detailed clinical evaluation included hypochromic conjunctiva, peripheral vascular occlusion with non-perfusion areas led us to suspect sickle cell disease retinopathy. The images of fluorescein angiography showed peripheral arteriovenous anastomosis with non-perfusion areas; the optical coherence tomography revealed a thinner neuroepithelium with a thicker choroid; also, hemoglobin electrophoresis and peripheral blood smear documenting sickle cell trait. The chosen management was photocoagulation of the peripheral retina on the non-perfusion areas and anti VEGF without neovascular activity recurrence in the follow up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although sickle cell trait is considered a mild form of this pathology without serious retinal manifestations, it has to be noted that in the context of pachychoroid spectrum diseases is a trigger that could perpetuate retinal ischemia and neovascular activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}