Huri Sabur, Nese Arslan, Emrah Utku Kabatas, Mutlu Acar
{"title":"Effects of full-thickness wedge resection on ocular surface and in vivo confocal microscopy findings in floppy eyelid syndrome patients.","authors":"Huri Sabur, Nese Arslan, Emrah Utku Kabatas, Mutlu Acar","doi":"10.1177/11206721241233623","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241233623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of full-thickness wedge resection (FTWR) on ocular surface and <i>in vivo confocal microscopy</i> (IVCM) findings in patients with floppy eyelid syndrome (FES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included two groups: a surgical treatment (ST) group (26 eyes) consisting of patients who underwent FTWR surgery, and a conservative treatment (CT) group (30 eyes). Pre-treatment and post-treatment ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), IVCM findings along with the body mass index (BMI), FES grade, the presence and the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were recorded and compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The groups were comparable in terms of BMI, FES grade, and OSAS data. After six months, TBUT in the ST group significantly increased to 12.92 ± 1.15, compared to 8.10 ± 1.60 in the CT group (<i>p</i> = 0.000). The CFS and OSDI scores were significantly lower in the ST group (0.15 ± 0.37, 18.0 ± 8.3, respectively) compared to the CT group (0.90 ± 0.61, 27.3 ± 9.3, respectively) (<i>p</i> = 0.000). IVCM analysis revealed a significant decrease in dendritic cell count (ST: 22.0 ± 12.4, CT: 39.5 ± 15.1, <i>p</i> = 0.000) and nerve tortuosity (ST: 1.38 ± 0.64, CT: 2.00 ± 0.59, <i>p</i> = 0.000), with a significant increase in total nerve density (ST: 4.27 ± 0.83, CT: 3.57 ± 0.90, <i>p</i> = 0.002) in the ST group compared to the CT group after six months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our retrospective cohort, FTWR surgery was shown to be an effective and reliable surgical treatment for FES, improving both ocular surface and IVCM findings. Patients with moderate to severe stages of FES not responding to conservative treatment may benefit from eyelid tightening.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139912392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriel Castilho S Barbosa, Eduardo F Marback, Eduardo A Novais, Luiz Fa Lucatto, Emmerson Badaró, Luiz Roisman, Ricardo L Leitão Guerra
{"title":"Choroidal nevus through a broader vision: Retinal imaging acquisition captured with Broad Line Fundus Imaging technology.","authors":"Gabriel Castilho S Barbosa, Eduardo F Marback, Eduardo A Novais, Luiz Fa Lucatto, Emmerson Badaró, Luiz Roisman, Ricardo L Leitão Guerra","doi":"10.1177/11206721241235976","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241235976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the peculiarities in imaging acquisition of fourteen patients with choroidal nevus using the Broad Line Fundus Imaging (BLFI) technology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All images were acquired using the BLFI technology. We have found that choroidal nevus is undetectable in the blue channel (BC) (435-500 nm) and the green channel (GC) (500-585 nm). The only visible changes are related to the drusen, which appeared in BC and GC as light focal dots, correlated to the yellowish foci in the true-color image. On the red channel (RC) (585-640 nm), all lesions revealed the same pattern: a well-defined dark spot, with enhanced contrast, allowing the better visualization, measuring, and characterization of the nevus when compared with the other color channels, including the true-color imaging.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BLFI application in choroidal nevus might be helpful at presentation, refining the diagnostic reliability, and monitoring, as it allows for better detection of alterations in the lesions. The peculiarities of the choroidal nevus are better assessed when using the RC due to its longer wavelength and deeper penetration in the retina and choroid.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matteo Ripa, Lorenzo Motta, Veronika Matello, Rino Frisina, Barbara Parolini
{"title":"Long-Term results of macular buckle for MTM stage 3-4 With maculoschisis and macular detachment without and With lamellar macular hole.","authors":"Matteo Ripa, Lorenzo Motta, Veronika Matello, Rino Frisina, Barbara Parolini","doi":"10.1177/11206721241234958","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241234958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the long-term anatomical and functional results of macular buckle for Myopic Traction Maculopathy (MTM) in stages 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b according to the MTM Staging System (MSS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective observational cohort study involving 55 consecutive patients with MTM in stages 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b who underwent macular buckle (MB). Postoperative outcomes, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to evaluate the MTM stage and its progression, were evaluated 1-month postoperatively (i.e., \"intermediate follow-up\") and at last follow-up ranging between 6 and 156 months postoperatively (i.e., \"final follow-up\").</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-five eyes affected by MTM who underwent MB were enrolled. The mean preoperative and postoperative axial length was 31.13 ± 2.14 and 29.73 ± 2.16 mm, respectively (p < 0.01), with a mean axial shift of 1.32 ± 0.77 mm. The mean sample best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline, intermediate, and final follow-ups was 0.87 ± 0.36, 0.73 ± 0.31, 0.41 ± 0.32 logMar, respectively (p < 0.01). Foveal and retinal anatomical improvements were achieved in 50 (91%) and 53 (96.4%) eyes at intermediate follow-up, respectively. In the final follow-up, 54 (98.2%) and 55 (100%) eyes showed foveal and retinal anatomical improvements, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MB as a single procedure, when applied to MTM in stages 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b, leads to significant anatomical and functional improvement. The MTM Staging System allows us to evaluate the best surgical technique and the surgical timing tailored to the different stages to increase the surgery's success and lower the complications of each technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139989730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Franceschelli, Pierdomenico D'Andrea, Marco Farina, Carla Enrica Gallenga, Alfredo Grilli, Mirko Pesce, Andrea Di Donato, Daniele Lucchetta, Giovanna Ambrosini, Stefano Benedetti, Margherita Benedetti, Lucio Lobefalo
{"title":"Short term effects of extremely low irradiance photobiomodulation on retinal function, in age related macular degeneration.","authors":"Sara Franceschelli, Pierdomenico D'Andrea, Marco Farina, Carla Enrica Gallenga, Alfredo Grilli, Mirko Pesce, Andrea Di Donato, Daniele Lucchetta, Giovanna Ambrosini, Stefano Benedetti, Margherita Benedetti, Lucio Lobefalo","doi":"10.1177/11206721241236919","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241236919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>recently much studies evidenced the potential role of photo-biomodulation (PBM) in patients affected by Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). We designed a new wearable device for self-medication that employs the same broadband red light described in literature, but with extremely low irradiance.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of low-fluence light stimulations emitted by a LED source with appropriate wavelengths through our new device in improving short-term visual function in patients affected by severe non neovascular AMD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>we prospectively enrolled patients affected by severe non-neovascular AMD with a relative sparing of the foveal region. All the patients were randomly assigned in placebo or in treatment group. The treatment consisted of 10 sessions of 10-min each, using the new device comprised of micro-LEDs that emitted light onto an amorphous support assembled within Metallic eyeglasses. The placebo group blindly underwent the same number of PBM sessions with the micro-LED turned off. Before and after each placebo/treatment sessions all the patients received: optical coherence tomography (OCT), Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and Microperimetry (MP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>no significant differences in the anatomical parameters were observed in the two groups. The MP mean sensitivity and the central visual function both far and near significantly improved in the treated group (respectively <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>our pivotal demonstrated that the LED PBM delivered through our new device is a safe and effective tool for improving short-term visual function in patients affected by severe non-neovascular AMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Messina, Davide Tucci, Stefano Mocini, Virginia Marruso, Silvia Crotti, Dalia Said, Harminder Singh Dua, Carlo Cagini
{"title":"Increasing incidence of contact-lens-related <i>Acanthamoeba</i> keratitis in a tertiary ophthalmology department in an Italian population.","authors":"Marco Messina, Davide Tucci, Stefano Mocini, Virginia Marruso, Silvia Crotti, Dalia Said, Harminder Singh Dua, Carlo Cagini","doi":"10.1177/11206721241242165","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241242165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this paper is to report the increasing incidence of contact-lens related <i>Acanthamoeba</i> keratitis (AK) in a tertiary ophthalmology department in Umbria, central Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational and retrospective case series were carried out. A total of nine eyes with a diagnosis of AK were examined. All patients underwent a full slit lamp examination, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and corneal scraping. The IVCM was repeated at one and two-week and at one, three and six-month intervals. Samples of domestic tap water were also examined for PCR analysis. Patients were treated with levofloxacin0,5%, Polyhexamethylene biguanide 0.02%, and Propamidine Isetionate0,1%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients were contact lens wearers. The average patient age was 27.75 (range 18-45), with three men and five women. The main clinical features were ciliary congestion, diffuse epitheliopathy with punctuated keratitis, multiple, small sub-epithelial, greyish, corneal infiltrates with epithelial defect, pseudodendritic corneal lesions, perineural infiltrates, corneal stromal cellularity, and stromal infiltrates. IVCM was indicative of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> in seven out of the nine eyes. All the positive IVCM images were section images showing double walled, bright-spot cysts with a clear chain-like arrangement of five or more cysts identified in three of the patients. PCR analysis of the water was negative in all cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although PCR is the most common method used, the increased incidence of AK could mainly be related to a proper IVCM interpretation. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, such as levofloxacin might play a role in the early treatment of AK reducing the virulence of the amoeba.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140179531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiping Huang, Chunlan Liang, Jining Huang, Lian Liu
{"title":"Update on diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy.","authors":"Jiping Huang, Chunlan Liang, Jining Huang, Lian Liu","doi":"10.1177/11206721241248868","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241248868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to several vascular and neurological complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). As the population ages, health problems in certain groups, including children and pregnant women, are drawing more and more attention. Pregnancy is one of the independent risk factors for the development and progression of DR. Pregnancy-induced changes may contribute to or worsen DR, which can cause a tremendous burden on public health. It is essential for pregnant women with DR and their offspring to minimize the risk of vision loss from DR in this population and adverse outcomes by understanding the development and processes behind this process. Thus, we have updated the recent situation of epidemiology, evolution characteristics, risk factors, pathophysiology, pregnancy outcomes for a better understanding of the latest status of DR, helping to improve maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes, and promoting health for women with DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theodora Hadjistilianou, Alberto Carnicci, Carlo D'Alessandro, Sonia De Francesco, Mario Fruschelli
{"title":"Retinal Reactive Astrocytic Tumor and Astrocytic hamartomas in patient with Neurofibromatosis type 1: Case Report and Literature review.","authors":"Theodora Hadjistilianou, Alberto Carnicci, Carlo D'Alessandro, Sonia De Francesco, Mario Fruschelli","doi":"10.1177/11206721241275143","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241275143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neurofibromatosis type I, also known as Von Recklinghausen disease, is a common phakomatosis affecting 1 in 2500-3000 live births; it may be associated with several common ocular findings, including Lisch nodules, plexiform neurofibromas, optic pathway gliomas, retinal astrocytic hamartomas and choroidal nodules.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>This report illustrates clinical evidence of simultaneous presence of retinal reactive astrocytic tumor (RRAT) and two retinal astrocytic hamartomas (RAH) in a 15 y/o patient with NF1, referred to our attention because of an asymptomatic fundus mass in his right eye of recent onset.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case, in addition to considering NF1 as one of the ocular conditions associated with secondary RRAT, underlines the importance of early referral and continuous ophthalmological follow-up in preventing possible complications that could cause significant visual impairment in patients with NF1.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michalina Szczęśniak, Ewa Sikorska, Martyna Rajca, Mateusz Koper, Wojciech Kopacz, Piotr Sikorski, Piotr Maciejewicz, Kaja Kasarełło
{"title":"The etiology, diagnostics, and treatment of the spasm of the near reflex - a narrative review.","authors":"Michalina Szczęśniak, Ewa Sikorska, Martyna Rajca, Mateusz Koper, Wojciech Kopacz, Piotr Sikorski, Piotr Maciejewicz, Kaja Kasarełło","doi":"10.1177/11206721241237309","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241237309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physiological adaptation of the eye to the visual perception of near objects consists of the \"near triad\": convergence, accommodation, and pupil miosis. Normally, these tend to revert when one stops fixating on a near object. Spasm of the near reflex (SNR) is a pathological phenomenon, which manifests itself by the persistence of the above-mentioned adjustments, which prevents the eye from returning to its relaxed state. In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the etiology, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of SNR. The literature review was performed by searching online databases. The clinical presentation of SNR is diverse; it presents as isolated accommodative spasm more frequently than impairment of all three components of the near triad. Patients usually present with fluctuations in visual acuity, blurred vision, diplopia, and asthenopia. The etiology is not fully understood. Potential causes include neuroanatomic, organic, and psychogenic disorders. The diagnosis is clinical, based on the constellation of symptoms and assessment of the near triad. The diagnostic golden standard is a cycloplegic examination of refraction, preferably using cyclopentolate hydrochloride (1%, 0.5%, or 0.1% solution). The first-line treatment requires the administration of a cycloplegic drug in combination with plus lenses, flipper lenses, optical fogging, or miotics. For secondary cases, causal treatment should be implemented. Prevention of SNR should be based on eliminating modifiable risk factors. We propose including screening for SNR symptoms in every ophthalmic examination, especially among patients with psychogenic or neural disorders, after brain trauma, or young adults spending much time in front of computer screens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140021264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of treatment-naïve diabetic macular edema patients: Review of real-world clinical data.","authors":"Francesco Boscia, Daniele Veritti, Cristiana Iaculli, Rosangela Lattanzio, Simona Freda, Benedetta Piergentili, Monica Varano","doi":"10.1177/11206721241237069","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241237069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high prevalence of Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a real global health problem. Its complex pathophysiology involves different pathways. Over the last decade, the introduction of intravitreal treatments has dramatically changed the management and prognosis of DME. Among the different treatment options, inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) and intravitreal steroids implants represent the first-line therapy of DME. We conducted a review of electronic databases to compile the available evidence about the clinical management of DME in a clinical setting, with a special focus on treatment-naïve patients. Anti-VEGF therapies represent a valuable option for treating DME patients. However, many patients do not respond properly to this treatment and, due to its administration regimen, many patients receive suboptimal treatment in real life. Current evidence demonstrated that in patients with DME, DEX-i improved significantly both anatomic and visual outcomes. Besides eyes with insufficient anti-VEGF respond or recalcitrant DME cases, DEX-i can be effectively and safely used in treatment-naïve DME patients as first line therapy. DEX-i may be considered first line therapy in different clinical scenarios, such as DME eyes with a greater inflammatory component, patients with cardiovascular events, vitrectomized eyes, or those requiring cataract surgery. In conclusion, there are still many points for improvement pending in the clinical management of the patient with DME. Since DME treatment must follow a patient-tailored approach, selecting the best therapeutic approach for each patient requires a good understanding of the pathophysiology of DME.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nodular posterior scleritis mimicking melanotic choroidal melanoma: A diagnostic dilemma.","authors":"Amber Dubey, Manab Jyoti Barman, Dipankar Das, Kasturi Bhattacharjee, Subham Sinha Roy","doi":"10.1177/11206721241266698","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11206721241266698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of atypical nodular posterior scleritis mimicking as a melanotic choroidal melanoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 38-year-old female presented with sudden onset diminution of vision, severe pain and redness in her right eye. She was diagnosed to have choroidal melanoma in her left eye one year ago and underwent enucleation. On examination, conjunctiva was injected in right eye with cells in anterior vitreous face (AVF). Fundus examination revealed a large pigmented choroidal mass temporal to macula with exudative retinal detachment. Systemic evaluation and multimodal imaging ruled out the possibility of a choroidal melanoma or metastasis, with a presumptive diagnosis of nodular posterior scleritis. Three cycles of intravenous methyl prednisolone (IVMP) with a tapering dose of oral corticosteroids showed drastic improvement in symptoms with resolution of choroidal mass - further confirming the diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In cases of choroidal mass with an inflammatory component, a trial of steroids is worthwhile to prevent clinical misjudgement and devastating treatment outcomes including enucleation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12000,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}