European Journal of Forest Research最新文献

{"title":"Dust captured by a canopy and individual leaves of trees in the tropical mixed deciduous forest: Magnitude and influencing factors","authors":"Arika Bridhikitti, Pawaporn Khumphokha, Wantanan Wanitha, Suphat Prasopsin","doi":"10.1007/s10342-023-01646-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01646-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forest tree leaves play a significant role in air purification, but forest fires could offset the dust sink role. This study aims to assess the functions of the forest in atmospheric dust sink and source and assess the dust capturing capacity of individual leaves of various tree species in the tropical mixed deciduous forest in the dry season (November 21, 2021, to January 23, 2022), along with its influencing factors—climatic variables, environmental variables, and leaf morphology. The result shows that the downward flux or the forest dust sink role was predominant midday when air–mass turbulence played a role. Nonetheless, net mass PM₁ and PM₁₀ concentration trapped by the forest canopy was low, 0.79 and 2.24 µg m⁻³, respectively. For PM_2.5, forest fires could outrun the PM_2.5 sink role for the entire dry season. Considering the individual tree leave, maximum dust capturing capacities for the forest trees ranged from 0.95 to 5.197 g m⁻². Leaf dust capturing capacity was enhanced under cold and dry weather, strong winds, and for trees with defoliated or irregular shape. Leaf/leaflet enhancing the dust capturing capacity exhibited large size; either thick and leathery texture (Coriaceous) or thin, semi-translucent, membrane-like texture (Membranaceous); indumentum top being short, stiff trichomes (Scabrous); or indumentum bottom surface being densely short, soft trichomes (Tomentose). The various dust capturing dynamics among tree species could benefit dust capturing by the forests in the dry season.</p>","PeriodicalId":11996,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139508579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific variability in cold hardiness of Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) in Türkiye","authors":"Bora İmal, Akkın Semerci, Carlos A. Gonzalez-Benecke","doi":"10.1007/s10342-023-01648-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01648-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To better guide <i>Cedrus</i> <i>libani</i> provenances movement to northerly and higher-altitude sites for afforestation, the limits of hardiness to cold should be better known. In this study, we quantified the cold hardiness of seven <i>C.</i> <i>libani</i> provenances sampled from a provenance trial in Ankara, Türkiye, a site located outside the natural range of distribution of the species. Visual damage observation and chlorophyll fluorometry screening methods were used to assess variation in cold hardiness (LT50, the temperature estimated at which 50% of the needle tissue is damaged) among populations. Overall, <i>C.</i> <i>libani</i> can tolerate winter temperatures down to − 21.5 °C. Even though there were significant differences in cold hardiness among populations, the maximum difference was only 1.9 °C between the most and the least cold-resistant provenances. Cold tolerance was generally greater for provenances that experienced colder temperatures in March and lower levels of total precipitation in their native ranges. We also conclude that the fluorometry method provides a more efficient and stable comparison of cold hardiness than visual observation for <i>C.</i> <i>libani</i>. The results of this study may be useful for assisted migration and breeding programs, as well as for developing guidelines for genetic materials transfer, to increase productivity or adaptability of <i>C.</i> <i>libani</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11996,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability and mobilization of forest resources in Sweden","authors":"Andreas Eriksson, Jeannette Eggers, Svante Claesson, Jonas Fridman, Martin Nylander, Patrik Olsson, Karin Öhman, Eva-Maria Nordström","doi":"10.1007/s10342-023-01647-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01647-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The available amount of wood supply is essential for national strategic planning and evaluation of forestry in Sweden. Since Sweden holds a large part of the forests in the European Union and plays a significant role in the global trade of wood-based products, a precise estimate of the potential of the Swedish forest resource is also important in regional and global outlook studies. In this study, we analyse factors influencing the availability and mobilization of wood supply. By comparing data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory with the stand registers of the five largest forest owners in Sweden, we estimate the productive forest area not included in the forest owners' stand databases. Our results show that 0.4 million hectares, or 5% of these large-scale forest owners productive forest area, is outside their stand registers and therefore neither included in their long-term harvesting plans nor in their nature conservation plans. For small-scale forest owners, we analyse the final felling rate during 2004–2020 using satellite imagery to estimate the proportion of properties that abstain from final fellings and thereby could affect the potential mobilization of wood supply. During this period, 32% of the forest properties owned by small-scale forest owners have not done any final felling. These forest estates hold in total 1.1 million hectares of productive forest land or 9% of the area owned by small-scale forest owners. This implies a gap between the potential and realistic estimates for Forest Available for Wood Supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":11996,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139496360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of estimating branch volume from terrestrial laser scanning","authors":"Christopher Morhart, Zoe Schindler, Julian Frey, Jonathan P. Sheppard, Kim Calders, Mathias Disney, Felix Morsdorf, Pasi Raumonen, Thomas Seifert","doi":"10.1007/s10342-023-01651-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01651-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantitative structural models (QSMs) are frequently used to simplify single tree point clouds obtained by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). QSMs use geometric primitives to derive topological and volumetric information about trees. Previous studies have shown a high agreement between TLS and QSM total volume estimates alongside field measured data for whole trees. Although already broadly applied, the uncertainties of the combination of TLS and QSM modelling are still largely unexplored. In our study, we investigated the effect of scanning distance on length and volume estimates of branches when deriving QSMs from TLS data. We scanned ten European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) branches with an average length of 2.6 m. The branches were scanned from distances ranging from 5 to 45 m at step intervals of 5 m from three scan positions each. Twelve close-range scans were performed as a benchmark. For each distance and branch, QSMs were derived. We found that with increasing distance, the point cloud density and the cumulative length of the reconstructed branches decreased, whereas individual volumes increased. Dependent on the QSM hyperparameters, at a scanning distance of 45 m, cumulative branch length was on average underestimated by − 75%, while branch volume was overestimated by up to + 539%. We assume that the high deviations are related to point cloud quality. As the scanning distance increases, the size of the individual laser footprints and the distances between them increase, making it more difficult to fully capture small branches and to adjust suitable QSMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11996,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139469262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radial increment dynamics of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in pure and mixed stands with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under changing environmental conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10342-023-01650-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01650-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Forest dynamics are undergoing profound alteration due to the fact that climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of abiotic and biotic forest disturbances. Because of the unpredictable nature of the drought periods and the variation in their severity, Mediterranean forests are typically more vulnerable. Mediterranean <em>Pinus pinaster</em> forests are showing decay symptoms linked to climate change. There is clear evidence that promoting mixtures can serve as an effective forest adaptation strategy. In this regard, we sought to better understand the responses of <em>P. pinaster</em> radial growth dynamics to various factors, in both mixed and pure forest stands, and provide valuable insights into <em>P. pinaster</em> dynamics when mixed with <em>P. sylvestris</em>. In this study, we examined the variation of intra-annual cumulative radial increment patterns in response to the climate of <em>P. pinaster</em> between pure and mixed stands with <em>P. sylvestris.</em> Using data from band dendrometers collected over five consecutive climatically distinct years (2016–2020), a nonlinear mixed-effect model approach was used to analyze the differences in intra-annual cumulative radial increment patterns for <em>P. pinaster</em> between years in mixed and pure stands. The intra-annual radial increment pattern of <em>P. pinaster</em> showed significant year-to-year variation and varied with tree size, with greater increment in larger trees. Trees in mixed stands had a higher mean radial increment compared to corresponding ones in pure stands. Increased summer maximum temperatures negatively affected tree cumulative annual increment regardless of composition, but with a lower impact on trees in pure stands. Spring precipitation increased the length of the growing season, while higher spring maximum temperatures triggered an earlier inflection point. Our results highlight the high plasticity of <em>P. pinaster</em> in adapting to varying intra- and inter-annual environmental conditions and competition with other species and suggest that promoting mixtures with <em>P. sylvestris</em> may be an interesting management strategy for adaptation to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11996,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the effects of different variable weights on wildfire susceptibility","authors":"Fatih Sari","doi":"10.1007/s10342-023-01643-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01643-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, wildfire susceptibility is mapped using various multi-criteria decision analysis techniques (AHP, SAW and VIKOR) and machine learning algorithms (MaxEnt and logistic regression) to reveal the response of models for wildfires. In this study, it is suggested that using natural weights generated by machine learning algorithms instead of artificial weights in MCDA methods can increase the reliability of susceptibility maps because wildfires have very close relationship with climatic, topographic and environmental variables. The contribution rates (natural weights) were obtained using machine learning algorithms and incorporated into MCDA methods to make the spatial relationships between variables more obvious. As a result, eight susceptibility maps were generated using MCDA methods, MaxEnt and logistic regression algorithms. Correlation analysis showed that using natural weights instead of artificial weights increased the correlation between MCDA methods and machine learning algorithms. Each correlation value increased by 10% on average and the highest increase was determined between VIKOR and logistic regression from 0.6286 to 0.7580 when natural weights were used. In addition, 1035 existing wildfire locations were used to evaluate the reliability of generated maps. The results showed that the average risk values of 1035 wildfire locations increased from 6.04 to 7.23 using AHP, from 0.66 to 0.79 using SAW and from 0.35 to 0.25 using the VIKOR method. This indicates a significant increase in the accuracy and reliability of susceptibility maps produced when natural weights determined by machine learning algorithms are used in MCDA methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11996,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terrestrial laser scanning vs. manual methods for assessing complex forest stand structure: a comparative analysis on plenter forests","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10342-023-01641-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01641-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>In continuous cover forestry, plenter silviculture is regarded as an elaborated system for optimizing the sustainable production of high-quality timber maintaining a constant but heterogeneous canopy. Its complexity necessitates high silvicultural expertise and a detailed assessment of forest stand structural variables. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can offer reliable techniques for long-term tree mapping, volume calculation, and stand variables assessment in complex forest structures. We conducted surveys using both automated TLS and conventional manual methods (CMM) on two plots with contrasting silvicultural regimes within the Black Forest, Germany. Variations in automated tree detection and stand variables were greater between different TLS surveys than with CMM. TLS detected an average of 523 tree stems per hectare, while CMM counted 516. Approximately 9.6% of trees identified with TLS were commission errors, with 6.5% of CMM trees being omitted using TLS. Basal area per hectare was slightly higher in TLS (38.9 m³) than in CMM (38.2 m³). However, CMM recorded a greater standing volume (492.7 m³) than TLS (440.5 m³). The discrepancy in stand volume between methods was primarily due to TLS underestimating tree height, especially for taller trees. DBH bias was minor at 1 cm between methods. Repeated TLS inventories successfully matched an average of 424 tree positions per hectare. While TLS adequately characterizes complex plenter forest structures, we propose enhancing this methodology with personal laser scanning to optimize crown coverage and efficiency and direct volume measurements for increased accuracy of wood volume estimations. Additionally, utilizing 3D point cloud data-derived metrics, such as structural complexity indices, can further enhance plenter forest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11996,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental drivers of local and temporal variations in the community of oak-associated borers (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)","authors":"Elodie Le Souchu, Christophe Bouget, Aurélien Sallé","doi":"10.1007/s10342-023-01644-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01644-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forest health is being challenged worldwide due to changing disturbance regimes. These changes could promote the abundance and diversity of secondary forest pests, like the Agrilinae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) borers, which are frequently involved in oak decline in Europe. We assessed the contribution of environmental factors to local abundance and temporal dynamics of oak-dwelling borers in France. We set up green multi-funnel traps in oak stands exhibiting a gradient of decline across six forests in 2021 and monitored the traps for six consecutive years in one forest. The community of borers was homogeneous among the forests and included several Mediterranean species. Increasing severity of decline at the plot and stand scales enhanced the abundance and species richness of the borers and influenced the composition of their community. Tree density, longitude and spring temperature also influenced the abundance of several species and of the community. Our multi-year survey indicated that inter-annual fluctuations in decline level weakly correlated with those of borer species. Most of the species experienced a major crash in 2017, suggesting that extreme climate events such as a warm early spring followed by a late frost can decimate borer populations. This may explain why borer damage has recently been relatively limited in France.</p>","PeriodicalId":11996,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139410196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The intensity of forest management affects the nest cavity production of woodpeckers and tits in mature boreal forests","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10342-023-01645-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01645-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Cavities made by birds are an important microhabitat for many taxa in forests. Long-term dynamics of cavity patterns and the effect of forest management on cavities are, however, largely unknown. We studied cavity production, measured as nest cavity production rates (CPR = no. of new cavities/km²/year), of woodpeckers and tits in forests with different management intensity in southern Finland, based on a data from 37 years. Forests were divided into managed, seminatural and natural stands. The data covered 56 forest stands with the total area of 1690 ha. Stands were inventoried annually for new cavities. The total numbers of woodpecker and tit cavities were 2238 and 329, respectively. There were large differences in CPRs between forest stands with different management intensity. For woodpeckers, the CPR was highest in natural forests (5.7) and lowest in managed forests (1.5). For the tit species, the respective numbers were 0.9 and 0.3. The CPRs of different cavity-making bird species and cavity tree characteristics (e.g. tree condition and species) were consistent, suggesting that different cavity-makers benefit from similar forest and tree characteristics. The results also suggest that forests managed with currently prevailing methods limit the production of cavities. To promote cavities, the results from this and other studies suggest that managed forests should include more features of natural forests, such as more diverse tree species and within-stand structural variability distribution (tree-level heterogeneity), larger amount of decayed wood, more retention trees and snags and longer rotation periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11996,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139415034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of afforestations for avalanche protection with orthoimages using the random forest algorithm","authors":"Tina Grätz, Sonja Vospernik, Christian Scheidl","doi":"10.1007/s10342-023-01640-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01640-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Afforestations provide cost-effective and environmentally friendly protection against natural hazards, compared to technical measures. In Austria, more than 3000 afforestation sites for hazard protection covering 9000 ha have been established between 1906 and 2017, mainly for snow avalanche protection. The actual protective effect depends on avalanche predisposing factors and land cover, i.e. whether forest is present. In this study, predisposing factors and land cover classes were identified and analysed in selected afforestation sites. The protective effect of forest was attributed to the presence of forest cover and tree species. Using RGB images with a ground resolution of 20 × 20 cm, nine land cover categories have been distinguished by means of supervised classification with the random forest algorithm. Those land cover categories were classified with an overall accuracy of 0.87–0.98 and Kappa-values, ranging between 0.81 and 0.93. Images were filtered using a 3 pixel by 3 pixel majority filter, which assigns each cell in the output grid the most commonly occurring value in a moving window centred on each grid cell. This filter further increased the overall accuracy by removing noise pixels while preserving the fine elements of the classified grid. Our results indicate a protective effect for about half of the analysed afforestation sites. The dominance of the land use class “Meadow” at most sites with little avalanche protection effect suggests grazing as a limiting factor. The spatial information provided with the described method allows to identify critical areas in terms of avalanche protection even years after the initial afforestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11996,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139096037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}