Influence of crown and canopy structure on light absorption, light use efficiency, and growth in mixed and pure Pseudotsuga menziesii and Fagus sylvatica forests

IF 2.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Benjamin N. E. Plaga, Jürgen Bauhus, Hans Pretzsch, Mário Gonzalez Pereira, David I. Forrester
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Mixed-species forests can provide higher levels of ecosystem functions and services and can be more resistant and resilient in the face of global change. While many studies focus on the growth and yield of mixed forests, fewer have examined the underlying processes. Inter- or intra-specific differences and interactions influence tree- and stand-level light absorption by determining the vertical structure of stratified canopies, stand density, leaf area index, and the size or allometry of trees. While canopy light absorption is a very important process, it is difficult to quantify it for individual species within a mixture and is rarely examined. A detailed tree-level model (MAESTRA) was used in combination with measurements of tree sizes and stand structures to examine effects of mixing on absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) in 41–63-year-old stands of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Fagus sylvatica at three sites in Bavaria, Germany. The effects of initial stand density on APAR were analysed in 46-year-old P. menziesii stands of a spacing experiment at two sites. At the tree level, mixing increased mean height and leaf area, growth (185% higher) and APAR (85% higher) of P. menziesii at all sites. Mean tree heights and crown sizes of F. sylvatica were larger in mixtures, while recent growth rates and APAR were not significantly different to monocultures. Planting density did not influence mean tree variables (e.g. height, leaf area, crown volume), because any initial spacing effects had been gradually removed by thinning across all treatments. At the stand level, there were no differences in growth, basal area or in the annual growth per annual APAR (light use efficiency, LUE) between monocultures and mixtures. The highest APAR values were observed in P. menziesii monocultures, while the lowest APAR values were observed in F. sylvatica monocultures. While mixing these species may not increase stand-level growth during later phases of development, mixing accelerated initial growth of individual trees and reduced the time to reach target diameters, which are both important aspects in adapting forests to global change.

Abstract Image

树冠和冠层结构对混交林和纯交林中光吸收、光利用效率和生长的影响
混合物种森林可以提供更高水平的生态系统功能和服务,并且在面对全球变化时具有更强的抵抗力和复原力。虽然许多研究集中于混交林的生长和产量,但很少有人审查其潜在的过程。种间或种内差异和相互作用通过决定分层冠层的垂直结构、林分密度、叶面积指数和树木的大小或异速生长来影响树木和林分水平的光吸收。虽然冠层光吸收是一个非常重要的过程,但很难对混合物中单个物种的光吸收进行量化,而且很少进行研究。在德国巴伐利亚州的3个地点,采用详细的树级模型(MAESTRA),结合树木大小和林分结构测量,研究了混合对41 ~ 63年生的门氏假杉木(Pseudotsuga menziesii)和柴木(Fagus sylvatica)林分吸收光合有效辐射(APAR)的影响。以两个试验点的46年生门齐栎林分为研究对象,分析了初始林分密度对APAR的影响。在林木水平上,混合处理使门齐氏弧菌的平均高度和叶面积、生长量和APAR均提高了185%,APAR提高了85%。混交林的平均树高和树冠均高于单作林,而近年生长率和APAR与单作林差异不显著。种植密度不影响平均树木变量(如高度、叶面积、树冠体积),因为任何初始间距效应都已通过所有处理的间伐逐渐消除。在林分水平上,单作与混作在生长、基面积和年生长量(APAR)上均无显著差异。单株栽培的APAR值最高,而单株栽培的APAR值最低。虽然混合这些物种可能不会增加后期发展阶段的林分水平生长,但混合加速了单株树木的初始生长并缩短了达到目标直径的时间,这两个方面都是使森林适应全球变化的重要方面。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
3.60%
发文量
77
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Forest Research focuses on publishing innovative results of empirical or model-oriented studies which contribute to the development of broad principles underlying forest ecosystems, their functions and services. Papers which exclusively report methods, models, techniques or case studies are beyond the scope of the journal, while papers on studies at the molecular or cellular level will be considered where they address the relevance of their results to the understanding of ecosystem structure and function. Papers relating to forest operations and forest engineering will be considered if they are tailored within a forest ecosystem context.
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