使用随机森林算法评估利用正射影像保护雪崩的植树造林效果

IF 2.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Tina Grätz, Sonja Vospernik, Christian Scheidl
{"title":"使用随机森林算法评估利用正射影像保护雪崩的植树造林效果","authors":"Tina Grätz, Sonja Vospernik, Christian Scheidl","doi":"10.1007/s10342-023-01640-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Afforestations provide cost-effective and environmentally friendly protection against natural hazards, compared to technical measures. In Austria, more than 3000 afforestation sites for hazard protection covering 9000 ha have been established between 1906 and 2017, mainly for snow avalanche protection. The actual protective effect depends on avalanche predisposing factors and land cover, i.e. whether forest is present. In this study, predisposing factors and land cover classes were identified and analysed in selected afforestation sites. The protective effect of forest was attributed to the presence of forest cover and tree species. Using RGB images with a ground resolution of 20 × 20 cm, nine land cover categories have been distinguished by means of supervised classification with the random forest algorithm. Those land cover categories were classified with an overall accuracy of 0.87–0.98 and Kappa-values, ranging between 0.81 and 0.93. Images were filtered using a 3 pixel by 3 pixel majority filter, which assigns each cell in the output grid the most commonly occurring value in a moving window centred on each grid cell. This filter further increased the overall accuracy by removing noise pixels while preserving the fine elements of the classified grid. Our results indicate a protective effect for about half of the analysed afforestation sites. The dominance of the land use class “Meadow” at most sites with little avalanche protection effect suggests grazing as a limiting factor. The spatial information provided with the described method allows to identify critical areas in terms of avalanche protection even years after the initial afforestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11996,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Evaluation of afforestations for avalanche protection with orthoimages using the random forest algorithm\",\"authors\":\"Tina Grätz, Sonja Vospernik, Christian Scheidl\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10342-023-01640-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Afforestations provide cost-effective and environmentally friendly protection against natural hazards, compared to technical measures. In Austria, more than 3000 afforestation sites for hazard protection covering 9000 ha have been established between 1906 and 2017, mainly for snow avalanche protection. The actual protective effect depends on avalanche predisposing factors and land cover, i.e. whether forest is present. In this study, predisposing factors and land cover classes were identified and analysed in selected afforestation sites. The protective effect of forest was attributed to the presence of forest cover and tree species. Using RGB images with a ground resolution of 20 × 20 cm, nine land cover categories have been distinguished by means of supervised classification with the random forest algorithm. Those land cover categories were classified with an overall accuracy of 0.87–0.98 and Kappa-values, ranging between 0.81 and 0.93. Images were filtered using a 3 pixel by 3 pixel majority filter, which assigns each cell in the output grid the most commonly occurring value in a moving window centred on each grid cell. This filter further increased the overall accuracy by removing noise pixels while preserving the fine elements of the classified grid. Our results indicate a protective effect for about half of the analysed afforestation sites. The dominance of the land use class “Meadow” at most sites with little avalanche protection effect suggests grazing as a limiting factor. The spatial information provided with the described method allows to identify critical areas in terms of avalanche protection even years after the initial afforestation.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11996,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"European Journal of Forest Research\",\"volume\":\"12 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"European Journal of Forest Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01640-2\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"FORESTRY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Forest Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01640-2","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FORESTRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

与技术措施相比,植树造林可提供成本效益高且环保的自然灾害防护。在奥地利,1906 年至 2017 年间共建立了 3000 多个危险防护植树造林点,面积达 9000 公顷,主要用于雪崩防护。实际保护效果取决于雪崩易发因素和土地覆盖,即是否有森林。在这项研究中,确定并分析了选定造林地点的雪崩诱发因素和土地覆被等级。森林的保护作用归因于森林植被和树种的存在。利用地面分辨率为 20 × 20 厘米的 RGB 图像,采用随机森林算法进行监督分类,区分出九种土地覆被类别。这些土地覆被类别的总体准确率为 0.87-0.98,Kappa 值介于 0.81 和 0.93 之间。使用 3 像素乘 3 像素的多数过滤器对图像进行过滤,该过滤器将输出网格中的每个单元分配给以每个网格单元为中心的移动窗口中最常出现的值。这种滤波器在去除噪声像素的同时,保留了分类网格的精细元素,从而进一步提高了整体准确度。我们的结果表明,大约一半的分析造林地点具有保护效果。在大多数地点,土地利用类别 "草甸 "占主导地位,雪崩保护效果不明显,这表明放牧是一个限制因素。利用所述方法提供的空间信息,即使在最初植树造林多年后,也能确定雪崩防护的关键区域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Evaluation of afforestations for avalanche protection with orthoimages using the random forest algorithm

Evaluation of afforestations for avalanche protection with orthoimages using the random forest algorithm

Afforestations provide cost-effective and environmentally friendly protection against natural hazards, compared to technical measures. In Austria, more than 3000 afforestation sites for hazard protection covering 9000 ha have been established between 1906 and 2017, mainly for snow avalanche protection. The actual protective effect depends on avalanche predisposing factors and land cover, i.e. whether forest is present. In this study, predisposing factors and land cover classes were identified and analysed in selected afforestation sites. The protective effect of forest was attributed to the presence of forest cover and tree species. Using RGB images with a ground resolution of 20 × 20 cm, nine land cover categories have been distinguished by means of supervised classification with the random forest algorithm. Those land cover categories were classified with an overall accuracy of 0.87–0.98 and Kappa-values, ranging between 0.81 and 0.93. Images were filtered using a 3 pixel by 3 pixel majority filter, which assigns each cell in the output grid the most commonly occurring value in a moving window centred on each grid cell. This filter further increased the overall accuracy by removing noise pixels while preserving the fine elements of the classified grid. Our results indicate a protective effect for about half of the analysed afforestation sites. The dominance of the land use class “Meadow” at most sites with little avalanche protection effect suggests grazing as a limiting factor. The spatial information provided with the described method allows to identify critical areas in terms of avalanche protection even years after the initial afforestation.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
3.60%
发文量
77
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Forest Research focuses on publishing innovative results of empirical or model-oriented studies which contribute to the development of broad principles underlying forest ecosystems, their functions and services. Papers which exclusively report methods, models, techniques or case studies are beyond the scope of the journal, while papers on studies at the molecular or cellular level will be considered where they address the relevance of their results to the understanding of ecosystem structure and function. Papers relating to forest operations and forest engineering will be considered if they are tailored within a forest ecosystem context.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信