Spring temperature and snow cover co-regulate variations of forest phenology in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China

IF 2.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Shuai Chang, Hong S. He, Fang Huang, Justin Krohn
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Abstract

Forest phenology is undergoing significant changes as a consequence of climate warming, something which is further complicated by snow cover phenology. While previous research has shown tight links between climate factors, snow cover and forest phenology changes, the relative importance of climate and snow cover on forest phenology has not yet been fully quantified. Here, we analyzed the variations of forest phenology and the influences of different factors on the changes of forest phenology in Changbai Mountains from 2001 to 2019. We extracted forest phenology [start of growing season (SOS), length of growing season (LOS) and annual maximum NDVI (NDVImax, indicating peak growth)] using MODIS NDVI and analyzed their spatio-temporal patterns. We found advanced SOS (− 0.4 days/year), prolonged LOS (0.84 days/year) and enhanced peak growth (0.002 year−1) of forest at the regional scale. Then we analyzed the effects and relative importance of seasonal climatic factors and snow cover phenology on variations of forest phenology changes. The results indicated that spring temperature was the most important factor causing forest phenology changes. Snow cover duration and snow cover end day also played key roles on forest phenology changes. Snow cover end day showed positive influence on SOS and negative influence on LOS and peak growth. Spatially, the dominant factors affecting forest phenology varied among hydrothermal gradients. Our study provides useful insights on assessment and quantify the influences of climatic factors and snow on forest phenology, which are essential to predict the response of forests under global warming.

Abstract Image

春季气温和积雪共同调节中国东北长白山森林物候的变化
由于气候变暖,森林物候正在发生重大变化,而雪盖物候则使这种变化更加复杂。虽然以往的研究表明气候因素、积雪覆盖和森林物候变化之间存在紧密联系,但气候和积雪覆盖对森林物候的相对重要性尚未完全量化。在此,我们分析了 2001 年至 2019 年长白山森林物候的变化以及不同因子对森林物候变化的影响。我们利用 MODIS NDVI 提取了森林物候[生长季开始(SOS)、生长季长度(LOS)和年最大 NDVI(NDVImax,表示生长高峰)],并分析了它们的时空格局。我们发现,在区域尺度上,森林生长期提前(- 0.4 天/年),生长期延长(0.84 天/年),生长高峰提高(0.002 年-1)。然后,我们分析了季节性气候因子和积雪物候对森林物候变化的影响和相对重要性。结果表明,春季气温是引起森林物候变化的最重要因素。雪盖持续时间和雪盖终日对森林物候变化也起着关键作用。雪盖终日对 SOS 有正向影响,对 LOS 和生长高峰有负向影响。从空间上看,影响森林物候的主要因素在不同热液梯度之间存在差异。我们的研究为评估和量化气候因子和积雪对森林物候的影响提供了有用的见解,这对预测全球变暖下的森林响应至关重要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
3.60%
发文量
77
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Forest Research focuses on publishing innovative results of empirical or model-oriented studies which contribute to the development of broad principles underlying forest ecosystems, their functions and services. Papers which exclusively report methods, models, techniques or case studies are beyond the scope of the journal, while papers on studies at the molecular or cellular level will be considered where they address the relevance of their results to the understanding of ecosystem structure and function. Papers relating to forest operations and forest engineering will be considered if they are tailored within a forest ecosystem context.
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