European journal of orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Factors influencing the quality of life among orthognathic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Chenxinzi Lin, Jingyuan Zhang, Minsheng Zheng, Mingjuan Li, Chongjie Zhu, Qilong Wan","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orthognathic surgery enhances both oral function and aesthetic outcomes for patients with dentofacial disharmony (DFD). However, the influencing factors on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with varying characteristics remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aims to comprehensively investigate the factors that influence quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery, and address the gaps of subgroup comparisons in existing reviews, specifically focusing on country development level, type of DFD, type of surgical procedure, and sex.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, SIGLE, CNKI, CSTJ, and WANFANG Database were searched from 2000 to 2025.</p><p><strong>Selection criteria: </strong>This systematic review included cohort studies that evaluated the impact of orthognathic surgery on QoL and its various influencing factors as measured by Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire-22 (OQLQ-22) or the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14).</p><p><strong>Data collection and analysis: </strong>The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Cohort Study was employed to evaluate the quality of included studies. RevMan software was used to perform the meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included 22 articles with 1482 participants, of which 20 were included in the meta-analyses. Using OQLQ-22, an improvement was noted in the four dimensions of QoL at five months postoperatively compared to the preoperative period. Subgroup analysis indicated that patients undergoing double jaw surgery (MD 22.55, 95% CI [17.00, 28.10]), with skeletal Class III malocclusion (MD 21.91, 95% CI [16.38, 27.45]) and female patients (MD 23.72, 95% CI [11.05, 36.40]) experienced a more significant degree of improvement, suggesting a higher likelihood of achieving greater surgical satisfaction. Notably, the overall QoL improvement was more pronounced in developing countries (MD 21.63, 95% CI [13.82, 29.45]) overall compared with developed countries (MD 18.22, 95% CI [14.22, 22.22]). Similar results were observed in the use of OHIP-14.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the factors influencing QoL in orthognathic patients, including country development level, type of DFD, surgical procedures, and sex in the QoL. The degree of improvement in patients' QoL varied according to these characteristics. Given the limited number of studies available, further comprehensive research is warranted.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO (CRD42024582409).</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dutch dentists' involvement in orthodontic retention: monitoring, opinions, competence and communication gaps.","authors":"Marissa Manon Schreuder, Anne-Marie Renkema, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, Jens Anne Daniel Padmos","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>To assess Dutch dentists' experience, competence and opinions on various aspects of orthodontic retention with bonded retainers and identify any gaps that may exist in practice and communication.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>A web-based questionnaire was sent to 1000 randomly selected general dentists, covering their (i) experience, competence and opinion in bonded retainer monitoring and maintenance, (ii) knowledge of unintentional active bonded retainers, (iii) responsibility for bonded retainers, and (iv) orthodontic practitioners' communication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 23.6% (n = 236). Orthodontic treatment was performed by 24% of dentists. Dentists were familiar with follow-up (98%), repairs (95%) and placement (77%) of bonded retainers. The more hours involved in treatment, the more competent they felt in repairing BRs (P = .025). However, over a quarter felt insufficiently competent in repairing (26%) and placement (33%) of bonded retainers. When patients requested their dentist to remove their bonded retainer, 89% informed them about possible consequences, and 41% referred them to their orthodontic practitioner. Awareness of torsional movements of anterior teeth due to unintentionally active bonded retainers was high (77%). Almost two thirds (64%) believed that dentists should check bonded retainers one year after placement. Respondents felt insufficiently informed by orthodontic practitioners regarding several aspects of the retention phase. One-third (34%) would appreciate additional training.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The main limitations of this study are the low response rate, which could result in non-response bias, and the focus on bonded retainers only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions/implications: </strong>Dutch dentists are well informed about the possibility of torsional movements due to unintentionally active bonded retainers. Clear communication between orthodontic practitioners and dentists is essential for effective long-term follow-up and shared responsibility. Knowledge and skills regarding monitoring and maintenance of bonded retainers should be integrated into dental curricula and postgraduate courses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of low-level laser therapy and piezocision in the en-masse retraction of upper anterior teeth.","authors":"Mudar M Mousa, Mohammad Y Hajeer, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Ossama Aljabban, Wael H Almahdi","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orthodontic treatment involving tooth extractions typically spans 25-35 months in adult patients. While various methods have been explored to accelerate this process, the outcomes remain inconsistent. This study focuses on evaluating the efficacy of these methods specifically in adult populations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of flapless piezocision combined with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the rate of en-masse retraction, comparing it to piezocision alone and conventional.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This single-center, three-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial involved adult patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion who required upper premolar extractions. The study included healthy males and females aged 17-28. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio through seven blocks of nine participants each: (1) Piezocision-assisted en-masse retraction with low-level laser therapy (FC + LLLT), (2) Piezocision-assisted en-masse retraction (FC), and (3) Conventional en-masse retraction (CONV). After completing the leveling and alignment phase, piezocision procedures were performed using buccal and palatal vertical incisions made with a piezosurgery microsaw in FC and FC + LLLT groups. Six weeks later, in the FC + LLLT group, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) utilizing a GaAlAs diode laser was administered regularly until en-masse retraction. The primary outcome was the rate of en-masse retraction; secondary outcomes included changes in first molar positions and inter-molar and inter-canine widths.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this RCT of 80 patients, 63 (16 males and 47 females, mean age: 21.46 ± 3.16 years) were recruited. The FC + LLLT group had the greatest retraction rate at 1.32 ± 0.19 mm/month, significantly greater than the FC (1.09 ± 0.13 mm/month) and CONV groups (0.75 ± 0.06 mm/month). No significant differences were found in first molar distal movement or inter-molar width changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining LLLT with flapless piezocision significantly boosts upper anterior teeth retraction by 43.8%, compared to 31.8% with piezocision alone. This approach remains effective throughout the retraction period, while piezocision benefits were mainly seen in the initial two months. All methods cause slight distal movement of first molars and minor increases in inter-canine and intermolar widths, with no significant differences.</p><p><strong>Harms: </strong>No harms were reported.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>This trial protocol was registered in the Clinical Trials database (NCT05655169).</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mapping review of systematic reviews in orthodontics: a five-year analysis.","authors":"Victor de Miranda Ladewig, Cristine Miron Stefani, Graziela De Luca Canto, Nikolaos Pandis, Carlos Flores-Mir","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf040","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This mapping review aimed to identify trends, frequently reviewed topics and assess the methodological quality of recent orthodontic systematic reviews (SRs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SRs published between January 2018 and June 2023 were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data, with a third resolving discrepancies. Methodological quality was evaluated using AMSTAR-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 3,131 initial articles, 430 SRs were included. A publication increase of over 50% occurred from 2019 to 2022. The most frequent topics were palatal expansion (12.6%), techniques to accelerate orthodontic movement (11.6%), and clear aligners (9.3%). Only 18.2% of SRs were rated as high or moderate quality, with those on clear aligners rated the lowest (4.9%). Common methodological weaknesses included a lack of protocol registration, absence of excluded study lists, and failure to address publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Orthodontic SRs have increased significantly over the five-year period assessed, with notable increase in contributions from specific countries. However, most SRs exhibited low methodological quality, raising concerns about clinical applicability. Improved adherence to methodological and reporting standards is crucial for enhancing SR quality and credibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional treatment of unilateral posterior crossbite improves condylar asymmetry in mixed dentition patients.","authors":"Alessandro Tortarolo, Virginia Olivero, Elisabetta Tomatis, Vito Crincoli, Laura Di Benedetto, Teresa Vallelonga, Maria Grazia Piancino","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This study's aim was to evaluate the effects of unilateral posterior crossbite (UPXB) treatment with the appliance Function Generating Bite (FGB) on the asymmetry of mandibular condyles and rami.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 156 patients: 52 with UPXB (F = 30, M = 22, mean age ± SD = 7.9 ± 1.5 [yr.mo]) treated with FGB, 104 age and gender-matched control subjects without the malocclusion (control-T0: N = 52, F = 30, M = 22, mean age ± SD = 8.2 ± 1.3; control-T1, n = 52, F = 30, M = 22, mean age ± SD 9.7 ± 1.2). Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) orthopantomographies were analyzed by finding the intersection between a line tangent to the lateral profile of the condyle and ramus and a perpendicular line tangent to the condylar head; the intersection and tangent points were used to measure condylar and ramal heights and to calculate the percentage difference between the sides (asymmetry index). Cephalometric analysis was performed on lateral skull X-rays taken at T0 and T1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Condylar asymmetry was significantly increased in UPXB at T0 (P < 0.00001) but not at T1. Between T0/T1 the asymmetry was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Cephalometric analysis showed that mandibular clockwise rotation was significantly increased in UPXB at T0 (P < 0,01) but not at T1, when the clockwise rotation was significantly reduced (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>This study did not include an untreated UPXB group and did not evaluate condylar morphology, Conclusions/implications: Functional treatment of UPXB with FGB was associated with a significant reduction in condylar asymmetry and significant mandibular repositioning, highlighting that FGB could rebalance condylar growth in developing patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical effectiveness of ramus mini-implants in orthodontic traction of impacted mandibular second molars.","authors":"Xuechun Yuan, Qianyun Kuang, Xian He, Xiaoyue Han, Wenli Lai, Hu Long","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main objective was to analyse the clinical effectiveness of ramus mini-implant-assisted traction of mandibular second molars with eruption disturbances.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective study was carried out during a 3-year period. A total of 16 patients with 19 impacted mandibular second molars underwent surgical exposure followed by implant-assisted orthodontic traction. The pre- and post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography, and pre-, in-, and post-treatment panoramic radiographs were collected and measured for the changes in space, angles and alveolar bone at pre-, in-, and post-treatment stages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mandibular second molars showed progressive uprighting (the angle between MM2 and the mandibular plane increased to 95.70 ± 11.96°, p < .0001) and improved root parallelism (the angles between MM2 and the mandibular second premolar decreased to 8.45 ± 7.06°, p < .0001) after the treatment. While molar crowns exhibited no significant deviation from the standard arch form, roots predominantly shifted lingually (2.29 ± 1.84 mm lingually at post-treatment, p < .05). Regarding alveolar bone changes, there was a significant increase of bone height at the distal side of the mandibular first molar (p < .05), coupled with a decrease of bone height at the mesial side of the second molar (p < .05). Root lengths of all patients indicated no statistical significance before and after treatment (p = .63).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mini-implants placed at the mandibular ramus region are clinically effective in the orthodontic traction of impacted mandibular second molars. The orthodontic traction favours periodontal regeneration between first and second molars and bears no or minimal risk of root resorption of mandibular second molars.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does incisor inclination change during orthodontic treatment affect gingival thickness and the width of keratinized gingiva? A prospective controlled study.","authors":"Dimitrios Kloukos, George Koukos, Ioannis Doulis, Andreas Stavropoulos, Christos Katsaros","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This prospective controlled study aimed to assess whether changes in mandibular incisor inclination during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances affect gingival thickness (GT) and the width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), and having as reference an untreated group of participants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty consecutively recruited adult orthodontic patients and 40 untreated volunteers, matched for age and gender and selected from the same background population serving as controls, were included. Mandibular incisor inclination was measured in lateral cephalograms before treatment commencement (T0) and 1 month before fixed appliances' removal (T1). Gingival thickness was measured using an Ultrasound Device (US) and width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) using a standard periodontal probe within the frames of a full periodontal examination at T0, T1, and 1 year after bracket removal (T2), that is, at about 30 months from T1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen females and 21 males in each group [mean age in years (range): intervention group 23.1 (16.8-43.3); control: 21.85 (18.2-43.9)] were analysed. Overall, change in incisor proclination [mean change in Incisor Mandibular Angle Plane-IMPA (ΔIMPA) was 6.35° (SD 5.08°)] was not associated with any significant change in soft tissue thickness and with alterations in WKG. The group receiving fixed appliances did not exhibit thickening or thinning of GT in comparison to the control group; the WKG was reduced in the intervention group in comparison to the untreated group, where it essentially remained unchanged (#41: coeff.: -0.29, P value: .1, 95% CIs: -0.65, 0.06; #31: coeff.: -0.51, P value: .01, 95% CIs: -0.88, -0.14).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lower incisor proclination during orthodontic treatment does not appear to significantly alter GT and WKG, but orthodontic treatment, overall, leads to reduction of the WKG.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical risk factors caused by third molar levelling following extraction of a mandibular second molar.","authors":"Chiho Kato, Keita Ishizuka, Takashi Ono","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Mandibular second molar (MdM2) is often lost, and its space is filled with a bridge or implant. MdM2 extraction followed by orthodontic treatment protracting mandibular third molar (MdM3) towards the MdM2 position may overcome the missing of MdM2. The objectives of our study were to describe the outcome of the procedure and examined clinical risk factors such as external apical root resorption (EARR) and alveolar bone loss (ABL), as the indicators of poor orthodontic treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 70 cases in 56 patients who received orthodontic treatment at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between 2007 and 2018. Multi-bracket appliances were used in all patients for MdM3 protraction. Using linear mixed effects models, EARR and ABL were regressed on various factors, including panoramic and cephalometric variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With the mean treatment duration of 1040.4 ± 441.8 days, MdM2 space closure was achieved in 92.8% (65 cases). The ANB angle (P = .023) and the use of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) (P = .021) were significantly associated with the greater EARR, while the mandibular plane angle (P = .033) was associated with the greater ABL. MdM3 protraction using the fixed appliances resulted in the closure of MdM2 space in > 90% of cases without evident root resorption.</p><p><strong>Limitation: </strong>There is a possibility of residual confounding due to the nature of observational study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion/implication: </strong>Orthodontic treatment of MdM3 protraction may be a feasible strategy to close the space of the missing MdM2.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate at 19 years of age after three different one-stage palatal repairs: a longitudinal study with prediction from cephalograms at 5 years of age.","authors":"Petra Peterson, Konstantinos Parikakis, Agneta Karsten","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjae066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjae066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare cephalometric long-term outcomes in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and treated with three different surgical protocols for palatal repair. Furthermore, to investigate growth longitudinally and evaluate the possibility to predict the outcome at age 19 from cephalometric values at 5 years.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>Lateral cephalograms of 68 patients, operated according to the Veau-Wardill-Kilner technique (n = 13), the minimal incision technique (n = 39), or MIT with muscle reconstruction (MITmr) (n = 16) were assessed. At a mean age of 19.0 (SD 0.7) years, 17 skeletal and 6 soft tissue variables were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with pairwise comparison. Lateral cephalograms at a mean age of 5.1 (SD 0.4) years, from 32 of the 68 patients were used to predict values at 19 years, using a multiple linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were statistically significant differences between the three surgical techniques for eight of the skeletal variables and for two of the soft-tissue variables at 19 years. The angle between the sella/nasion plane and the nasion/A plane (SNA) was 74.5 (SD 3.8) after Veau-Wardill-Kilner (VWK), 77.6 (SD 5.3) after minimal incision technique (MIT), and 76.7 (SD 2.6) after MITmr. Adjusted for baseline values, at 5 years, only face height had a significant effect dependent on surgical technique.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Due to the exclusion criteria or missing medical records, only 43% of 157 consecutive patients could be included in the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MIT and MITmr resulted in better cephalometric results regarding facial growth sagittally and vertically compared to VWK. Most of the cephalometric variables measured showed a strong positive relation between the value at 5 and the value at 19 years of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The accuracy of automated facial landmarking - a comparative study between Cliniface software and patch-based Convoluted Neural Network algorithm.","authors":"Bodore Al-Baker, Xiangyang Ju, Peter Mossey, Ashraf Ayoub","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Automatic landmarking software packages simplify the analysis of the 3D facial images. Their main deficiency is the limited accuracy of detecting landmarks for routine clinical applications. Cliniface is readily available open-access software for automatic facial landmarking, its validity has not been fully investigated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evaluate the accuracy of Cliniface software in comparison with the developed patch-based Convoluted Neural Network (CNN) algorithm in identifying facial landmarks.</p><p><strong>Materials /methods: </strong>The study was carried out on 30 3D photographic images; twenty anatomical facial landmarks were used for the analysis. The manual digitization of the landmarks was repeated twice by an expert operator, which considered the ground truth for the analysis. Each 3D facial image was imported into Cliniface software, and the landmarks were detected automatically. The same set of the facial landmarks were automatically detected using the developed patch-based CNN algorithm. The 3D image of the face was subdivided into multiple patches, the trained CNN algorithm detected the landmarks within each patch. Partial Procrustes Analysis was applied to assess the accuracy of automated landmarking. The method allowed the measurement of the Euclidean distances between the manually detected landmarks and the corresponding ones generated by each of the two automated methods. The significance level was set at 0.05 for the differences between the measured distances.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall landmark localization error of Cliniface software was 3.66 ± 1.53 mm, Subalar exhibiting the largest discrepancy of more than 8 mm in comparison with the manual digitization. Stomion demonstrated the smallest error. The patch-based CNN algorithm was more accurate than Cliniface software in detecting the facial landmarks, it reached the same level of the manual precision in identifying the same points. The inaccuracy of Cliniface software in detecting the facial landmarks was significantly higher than the manual landmarking precision.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The study was limited to one centre, one groups of 3D images, and one operator.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The patch-based CNN algorithm provided a satisfactory accuracy of automatic landmarks detection which is satisfactory for the clinical evaluation of the 3D facial images. Cliniface software is limited in its accuracy in detecting certain landmark which bounds its clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}