European journal of orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Sarath Kumar Venkatesan","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Mahmood Dashti, Farshad Khosraviani, Ella Golrang","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clear aligners: between clinical inertia and dormant disruption.","authors":"Theodore Eliades","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clear aligner therapy has expanded rapidly over the past two decades; yet clinical efficiency, biomechanical predictability, and long-term enamel preservation remain limited by the current generation of attachments, bonding protocols, and aligner materials. Despite increasing publications and the proliferation of aligner companies, fundamental innovations in force delivery, attachment debonding, and material design have lagged clinical demand. This review highlights potential advances in prepolymerized attachment materials, nonetch bonding strategies, debond-on-demand and biomimetic adhesives, and nondissipative energy polymers, providing a roadmap for translating biomedical innovations into clinical aligner practice. Emphasis is placed on strategies that preserve enamel, minimize stress relaxation, and enable reversible or on-demand adhesion, addressing gaps that have constrained aligner therapy performance and predictability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of tooth discoloration and bleaching response in the presence of clear aligners and attachments.","authors":"Pervin Bilginer, Merve Kurnaz, Ece Basaran","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the influence of clear aligners with and without attachments on tooth discoloration after exposure to common staining beverages, and to assess the bleaching effect of %6 hydrogen peroxide (HP) agent applied through aligners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty extracted human premolars were allocated into four groups (n = 10): attachments only, no aligners or attachments, aligners with attachments, and aligners only. Specimens mounted on typodont models and fitted with Invisalign aligners. Typodont models were sequentially immersed in artificial saliva, tea, coffee, and red wine for 6 days each, simulating 6 months of consumption. Aligners were replaced every 12 hours, and staining solutions were renewed daily. Color measurements were recorded at baseline and after each experimental stage using standardized digital photography, and color differences were calculated using the CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) formula. Following the staining protocol, bleaching was performed for 6 days using a 6% HP based gel applied through aligners. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All groups demonstrated clinically perceptible discoloration after staining. The greatest mean color change was observed in the attachment only group (ΔE00 = 23.30), whereas the lowest discoloration occurred in the aligners only group (ΔE00 = 6.60). Red wine produced the greatest color change among staining agents, while tea and coffee produced comparable staining. Bleaching significantly reduced discoloration in all groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Commonly consumed staining agents produced clinically perceptible tooth discoloration. Composite attachments increased susceptibility to tooth discoloration, whereas aligners showed a protective effect by limiting color change. Bleaching with 6% HP agent applied through aligners significantly reduced discoloration. Dietary habits and the presence of attachments should be considered when managing esthetic concerns during clear aligner therapy (CAT), and bleaching may be recommended without waiting for attachment removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Hasan Alzoubi, Rabea A Ghareeb","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis, Kostis Giannakopoulos, Eleftherios G Kaklamanos","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of interceptive orthodontics: a long-term evaluation of early treatment strategies.","authors":"Sara Björns, Klara Leffler, Thomas Davidson, Anna Westerlund","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Malocclusions occur at high frequencies in children and adolescents. While early orthodontic (interceptive) interventions may reduce the need for later comprehensive treatment, their cost-effectiveness in publicly funded health systems is unclear. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of interceptive orthodontic care and fixed-appliance therapy, focusing on total costs, treatment outcomes, and resource use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A decision tree model was developed using observational data on treatment success rates, duration, and appointments to estimate resource use and costs for interceptive orthodontic care; Fixed Appliance therapy was modeled as an optimal 2-year treatment pathway. A health-care payer perspective was applied. Incremental costs and effects were calculated for four interceptive modalities: Quad Helix, Extraoral Traction (EOT), Removable Plates, and Activator appliances, as compared to fixed appliance therapy. Minimum required success rates were estimated for achieving cost-neutrality. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses (10 000 Monte Carlo simulations) and scenario analyses assessed the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the interceptive treatments demonstrated lower expected costs than the fixed appliance therapy, albeit with lower clinical effectiveness. Quad Helix exceeded the minimum required success rate 20% points, representing a clear margin of cost-effectiveness. Removable Plates also exceeded the minimum required success rate, but with a smaller margin of 6% points. The Activator and EOT appliances were more dependent on patient compliance and failed to meet the minimum required success rate, requiring increases of 13% and 10% points, respectively, to achieve cost-neutrality. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these patterns and underscored the importance of long-term treatment stability.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The model assumed a 100% success rate for fixed appliances and relied on expert opinion for long-term stability parameters, given the limited availability of relapse data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the publicly funded dental care context studied, the use of Quad Helix and removable plates in publicly funded health-care systems appears to be cost-effective. Activator and EOT appliances should be used selectively. The study also contributes a transparent, adaptable modeling framework that can incorporate locally relevant costs and future long-term outcome data, supporting use in other publicly funded settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereophotogrammetry facial changes following hyrax-type and differential maxillary expanders: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"João Gabriel Rando Poiani, Rodrigo Teixeira, Silvio Augusto Bellini-Pereira, Camila Massaro, Daniela Garib","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjag006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a common orthopedic intervention in mixed dentition. Evaluating facial soft tissue changes is important to understand its functional and esthetic implications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare facial soft tissue changes following RME using the Expander with Differential Opening (EDO) and the Hyrax-type (HT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This single- center, two-arm parallel randomized clinical involved twenty-two patients aged 6-11 years with posterior crossbites, who were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. In the EDO group, anterior and posterior screws were activated ½ turn twice a day reaching 10.4 and 7.2 mm, respectively. In the HT group, conventional Hyrax was activated ½ turn twice daily until reaching 7.2 mm. Both appliances were maintained for 6 months. The primary outcome was the change in the nasal base width. Secondary outcomes included five additional facial measurements. Stereophotogrammetry was performed at pre-expansion (T1), immediately post-expansion (T2), and 6 months post-expansion (T3) for both treatment groups. Randomization used a computer-generated 1:1 allocation with sealed opaque envelopes. Although double blinding was not possible, image analyses were blinded to timepoints. Intergroup and interphase changes were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The comparison of RME groups and the control group was performed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EDO group consisted of 11 patients (3 males, 8 females), with a mean age of 9.45 years. The HT group included 11 patients (4 males, 7 females) with a mean age of 9.35 years. Both type of expanders increased the nasal base width, with no significant difference between groups. A partial relapse of nasal width was observed during retention in the EDO group. The EDO group showed an increase in intercanthal width after RME. Both expanders showed a similar increase in labial intercommissural width and facial heights after expansion, with stability in the retention period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both expanders increased the nasal base width and the labial intercommissural width. The EDO showed a partial relapse of nasal base width during retention. Soft tissues changes after RME in children were negligible with both types of expanders.</p><p><strong>Harms: </strong>No harms were observed.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial protocol was registered by the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC) under the number: RBR-2pd4s4q.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of unilateral nasal obstruction and occlusal bite-raising on mandibular condylar development in growing rats.","authors":"Yaosen Chen, Ikuo Yonemitsu, Shuntaro Iwaki, Takashi Ono","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unilateral nasal obstruction (UNO) alters mandibular condylar growth, while bite-raising increases mechanical loading on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Hypoxia induced by UNO may exacerbate TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJOA)-like changes associated with occlusal disturbances during growth, and understanding their combined effects is clinically relevant. This study aimed to investigate whether UNO and bite-raising synergistically contribute to TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJOA)-like changes in growing rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four 4-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, bite-raising (iOVD; 2-mm composite resin on the upper molars), UNO (complete left nostril sutured), and combined group (iOVD + UNO). Micro-CT was used to assess mandibular morphology and trabecular structure. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate cartilage degeneration, bone remodeling, and extracellular matrix changes. Gene expression levels of HIF-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, TGF-β1, and Postn were analyzed by qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 9 weeks, SpO2 was significantly reduced in the UNO and iOVD + UNO groups. Micro-CT revealed increased trabecular separation and decreased bone volume fraction in the iOVD + UNO group, with suppressed bone formation and enhanced resorption confirmed by TRAP/ALP staining. Histology showed cartilage degeneration and reduced proteoglycans in all experimental groups, most pronounced in the iOVD + UNO group. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased expression of HIF-1α, MMP-13, and Postn, and decreased type II collagen in the iOVD + UNO group. qPCR analysis revealed elevated mRNA expression of HIF-1α, IL-1β, NF-κB, and Postn in the iOVD + UNO group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the combination of nasal obstruction and bite-raising exacerbates the disruption of cartilage homeostasis and subchondral bone remodeling in the mandibular condyle, contributing to TMJOA-like structural and biological changes in growing rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147485009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical effectiveness of cantilever arms in the protraction of mandibular molars with clear aligners: a prospective controlled study.","authors":"Omar Ghaleb, Waseem Al-Gumaei, Shangyou Wen, Xuechun Yuan, Xian He, Lu Liu, Yan Wang, Xianglong Han, Wenli Lai, Jae Hyun Park, Hu Long","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjag007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clear aligner technique has been revolutionizing the paradigm of contemporary orthodontic practice. However, protraction of mandibular molars is deemed as one of the most challenging tooth movements with clear aligners. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of cantilever arms in protracting mandibular molars with clear aligners.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 37 orthodontic aligner patients requiring molar protraction (>4 mm) were enrolled in this prospective study. These participants were allocated into either the control group (N = 19) or the cantilever group (N = 18), resulting in 25 mandibular molars in the control group and 22 molars in the cantilever group. Superimposition of pre- and post-treatment data was performed based on cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral scanning. The differences between the predicted and achieved tooth movements (mesiodistal angulation, buccolingual inclination, and molar protraction distance) were compared. The discrepancies between the predicted and achieved tooth movements (DPA) were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Predicted and achieved tooth movements (mesiodistal angulation, buccolingual inclination and protraction distance) were significantly different for both groups (all P < 0.001), and DPAs of mesiodistal angulation (11.7 ± 4.5 vs. 19.9 ± 4.7; P < 0.0001), buccolingual inclination (21.0 ± 7.2 vs. 33.9 ± 8.9; P < 0.0001) and molar protraction distance (0.8 ± 0.4 vs. 3.6 ± 1.5; P < 0.0001) were significantly smaller in the cantilever group than in the control group. The predictability of molar protraction was significantly higher in the cantilever group (87%) than in the control group (43%) (P < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating the cantilever system into clear aligners can mitigate mesial and lingual tipping of mandibular molars and enhance the predictability of mandibular molar protraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}