European journal of orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Geometric analyses of changes in nasal septum deviation following maxillary expansion.","authors":"Ahmad AlShemali, Ryan P Knigge, Melih Motro, Goli K Parsi, Richard J Sherwood, Kieran P McNulty, Leslie A Will","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Maxillary transverse discrepancies are routinely addressed by palatal expansion. Nasal septum deviation is suspected to be related to these discrepancies. Current evidence using linear and angular measurements from two-dimensional radiographs on the effect of rapid palatal expansion on the nasal septum is not conclusive. The objective of this study was to apply three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses to cone-beam computed tomography scans of the nasal septum to investigate changes in response to palatal expansion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cone-beam computed tomography scans of the nasal septa of 71 subjects (53, expansion and 18, control) from 2 timepoints were segmented on using Mimics™ software. Anatomical landmarks and semilandmarks were digitized using Checkpoint™. Differences in septal deviation between the two timepoints were tested. Generalized Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis assessed overall shape differences and pattern variance in the septum. Least square regression was used to test for correlations. Heat maps visualized which areas exhibited the greatest amount of change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the control group, none of the septum deviation variables changed significantly between the timepoints, while all were significantly different for the expansion group. Heatmaps showed greater increase in interlandmark distances for the expansion group compared with the controls, with the posterosuperior part of the septum bearing the greatest change and the central, inferior part showing the least change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that the septum does not straighten during expansion but continues to deviate with age.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of masseter muscle thickness during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: a prospective controlled study in growing children.","authors":"Maria Charalampidou, Gregory S Antonarakis, Stavros Kiliaridis","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the effects of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances on masseter muscle thickness in growing children.</p><p><strong>Subjects and method: </strong>Forty children with a mean pre-treatment age of 12.9 ± 1.19 years with mild to moderate malocclusions were treated with fixed appliances. Forty untreated children served as the control group, with a mean age of 9.14 ± 0.91 years at the start of the study. Masseter muscle thickness was measured by ultrasonography at treatment start and 1 year later in the patient group, and at equivalent times in the control group. Differences within and between the groups were evaluated using paired and independent sample t-tests, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between different variables, including age, gender, and treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Masseter thickness at the beginning of the study was smaller (P = .004) in the control group (10.57 ± 1.04 mm) than in the treatment group (11.26 ± 1.03 mm), an observation that can be partly explained by the initial age difference between the groups. One year later, masseter muscle thickness increased in the control group (0.38 ± 0.50 mm, P < .001) while no statistically significant changes were found in the treatment group (-0.08 ± 0.55 mm, P = .37). The observed change in masseter muscle thickness in the two groups presented statistically significant differences (0.46 ± 0.11 mm, P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Masseter muscles in growing children normally increase in thickness annually. Fixed appliance treatment seems to hinder this growth during a 1-year treatment period. This information should be considered when assessing the progress and stability of the orthodontic treatment of certain malocclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective outcome reporting among randomized controlled trials in leading orthodontic journals: 2018-24.","authors":"Feiyang Guo, Xiyuan Chen, Yutong Wang, Rongkang Yu, Hong He, Fang Hua","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence and manifestations of selective outcome reporting (SOR) among randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in leading orthodontic journals, and to explore factors that may be potentially related to the presence of SOR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A manual search was conducted to identify eligible RCTs published in eight leading orthodontic journals between 2018 and 2024. Only RCTs with defined primary outcomes (POs) in both publications and corresponding registrations were included. Discrepancies between publications and registrations were compared with respect to the PO. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between study characteristics and the presence of SOR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 139 eligible RCTs were included for analysis, of which 99 (71.2%) were retrospectively registered. SOR was identified in 70 (50.4%) RCTs. The most frequent type of SOR was the omission of registered PO in the corresponding publication (n = 27, 19.4%), followed by the downgrade of registered PO (n = 25, 18.0%) and the introduction of new PO in the publications (n = 23, 16.5%). According to the logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of SOR was significantly correlated with statistician involvement (OR: 0.349, 95% CI: 0.127-0.961, P = .042), and the number of POs reported in the registration (OR: 5.581, 95% CI: 2.126-14.647, P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of SOR was high among RCTs in leading orthodontic journals. Clinicians, editors along with other stakeholders are expected to make joint efforts to address this issue and improve the transparent reporting of outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Systemic or local administration of bisphosphonate and the orthodontic tooth movement in animals: a systematic review.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occlusal features in individuals with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Anna Carolina Rye Sato Kimura, Victor Zanetti Drumond, Mariana Gomes Oliveira, Sicília Rezende Oliveira, Ricardo Alves Mesquita, José Alcides Almeida de Arruda, Lucas Guimarães Abreu","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral palsy (CP) results from developmental abnormalities or brain lesions that impair movement, posture, and motor function, thereby affecting skeletal development, including craniofacial structures.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate occlusal characteristics in individuals with and without CP.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>This systematic review followed Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and Scopus, with additional screening of Google Scholar and OpenGrey.</p><p><strong>Selection criteria: </strong>Observational studies were included, and the risk of bias was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</p><p><strong>Data collection and analysis: </strong>Meta-analyses were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and prediction intervals. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 584 records identified, 24 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. Risk-of-bias assessment revealed concerns related to exposure appraisal, nonrespondent characterization, and study comparability. The meta-analysis indicated that individuals with CP had a higher likelihood of Class II malocclusion (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.49-4.38, k = 18) and open bite (OR = 4.27, 95% CI: 1.95-9.37, k = 9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with CP are at increased risk of developing Class II malocclusion and open bite, possibly due to neuromuscular dysfunctions and extrinsic factors. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach that addresses both biological and behavioral determinants.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42024551180.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocadherin alpha gene cluster variants are potentially associated with short root anomaly in Japanese.","authors":"Yuki Ikeda-Sagawa, Takuya Ogawa, Takeaki Sudo, Yuki Nagata, Toshihiro Tanaka, Keiji Moriyama","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Short root anomaly (SRA) is a risk factor for root resorption, complicating orthodontic treatment. Familial occurrences of SRA suggest a genetic component in its pathogenesis; however, the specific gene responsible remains unidentified. This study aimed to identify the genes involved in the development of SRA using exome sequencing in Japanese individuals with SRA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify the genes responsible for SRA in the Japanese population, we enrolled 433 patients and measured their root-to-crown (R/C) ratio of the maxillary central incisors using orthopantomograms to establish the phenotypic definition of SRA. Patients with teeth exhibiting R/C ratio measurements <-2 standard deviations (SD) were diagnosed as having an extreme SRA phenotype. Exome sequencing was conducted on 17 patients with extreme phenotypes, and the findings were validated through Sanger sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average R/C ratio of the maxillary central incisors <-2 SD was 0.87. We identified four missense variants in five cases within the protocadherin alpha (PCDHA) gene cluster, associated with calcium-dependent cell adhesion. The variants were as follows: PCDHA3 (c.79G>C, p.Gly27Arg), PCDHA6 (c.2279C>T, p.Ser760Phe), PCDHA9 (c.1490G>A, p.Arg497Gln), and PCDHA13 (c.1185C>A, p.Phe395Leu). Their pathogenicity was investigated via in silico analyses.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Our study was a hospital-based study rather than a community-based one, and measurements of the maxillary central incisors were taken using orthopantomograms, which might have introduced bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the PCDHA gene cluster may be one of the genetic factors involved in the onset of SRA and that variants in this gene cluster could potentially affect tooth root development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral health-related quality of life in young adults born with unilateral cleft lip and palate after interdisciplinary treatment: a cross-sectional study with controls.","authors":"Mathias Lemberger, Marie Pegelow, Petra Peterson, Pernilla Larsson, Agneta Karsten","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf076","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Outcome studies conducted on patients treated for cleft lip and palate (CLP) typically focus on clinical measures, while significantly fewer investigate patients' subjective perceptions of the long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) as reported by young adults born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).</p><p><strong>Material: </strong>The study sample consisted of 32 consecutive patients (mean age 19.1 years) born with UCLP that had undergone interdisciplinary treatment. This group was compared with two noncleft control groups: one orthodontically treated group (Ortho) (n = 32, mean age 18.7 years) and one nonorthodontically treated group (Control) (n = 31, mean age 18.6 years).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study, three instruments, the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14), the jaw functional limitation scale-20 (JFLS-20), and the orofacial esthetic scale (OES) were administered during the final routine follow-up visit at 19 years of age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found in JFLS-20 and OHIP-14 mean summary scores between the UCLP group and the noncleft groups. For OES, the UCLP group differed significantly from the Ortho group (P = 0.042) but not from the Control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Young adults born with UCLP treated in an interdisciplinary team reported overall OHRQoL comparable to peers without a cleft and no history of orthodontic treatment. Their self-perceived orofacial appearance was similar to that of noncleft, nonorthodontically treated peers, but rated less favorable compared to noncleft peers who had received orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term stability of anterior open bite treatment with bonded spurs in the mixed dentition: a secondary data analysis from a clinical trial.","authors":"Gabriela Utrago, Ana Cláudia de Castro Ferreira Conti, Felícia Miranda, Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo, Camila Massaro, Silvio Augusto Bellini-Pereira, Daniela Garib","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the stability of anterior open bite (AOB) treatment with bonded spurs (BS) after 4 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The BS group included 26 patients (9 male, 17 female) in the mixed dentition with Class I or Class II malocclusion and AOB, treated with BS for 1 year. Lateral cephalograms were taken at pretreatment (T1, 8.06 years), post-treatment (T2, 9.11 years) and 4-year post-treatment (T3, 13.3 years). The control group comprised 20 untreated subjects (7 male, 13 female) with AOB. The primary outcome was the overbite change. Interphase cephalometric comparisons in the BS group were performed with repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey or Friedman test (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons were performed with t-tests, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis evaluated the influence of initial AOB severity and facial growth pattern on long-term overbite changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up, the BS group showed a slightly increase in overbite (0.87 ± 1.17 mm). Two patients (7.69%) demonstrated relapse with negative overbite (mean: -2.75 mm) at T3. During treatment, the BS group showed greater overbite increase (4.53 ± 1.55 mm), incisor extrusion (2.72 1.25 mm), and lingual tip of upper (2.72 ± 1.25°) and lower incisors (-2.24±3.61°) compared to the control group. Neither initial AOB severity nor facial growth pattern significantly influenced long-term overbite changes (P = 0.831).</p><p><strong>Limitation: </strong>Ethnic heterogeneity between the BS and control groups, and the use of a historical control group, which made randomization impossible. Another limitation is the absence of data on the etiological habits in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bonded spurs are effective for anterior open bite treatment in the mixed dentition, providing a high rate of long-term stability (92.31%).</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popular orthodontic research on Twitter/X: are scholars and the public in sync?","authors":"Christos Livas, Nikolaos Pandis, Konstantina Delli","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed at mapping bibliometric networks and analysing citation impact of the most popular orthodontic articles on Twitter/X.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The top 100 original research articles and systematic reviews/meta-analyses with the most tweets published in the orthodontic journals included in Journal Citation Reports 2023 were retrieved from Altmetric Explorer. Associations were investigated using a random forest algorithm (Boruta) between publication details, Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) and X posts or Web of Science (WoS) citations while co-authorship and keyword networks were visualized using VOSviewer software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample of most-tweeted articles were assigned a median AAS of 7 [interquartile range (IQR); 5, 14], 8 (IQR; 6, 11) X posts and 21 (IQR; 8, 44) WoS citations. Most of the articles referred to human research, originated from European affiliations, authored by more than four scholars, and were published within 10 years prior to search date. AAS and time since publication were confirmed as important article attributes in predicting the number of X posts. Article type, subject, and time since publication were important factors in predicting WoS citation counts received.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Top 100 orthodontic articles on X involved clinical studies and broad author collaborations. Citation count prediction could not be indicated by the popularity of articles on the platform. X engagement and research priorities of scholars need to be re-evaluated to increase the public relevance of orthodontic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Condylar morphology and position changes following functional appliance treatment: a systematic review.","authors":"Dieudonne Mbyayingabo, Eric Mugabo, Salma Izeldin, Evariste Ndanga, Dan Gakunzi, Eugene Nshimiyimana, Pascal Ubuzima, Christelle Mukeshimana, Patrick Mazimpaka, Dimitrios Michelogiannakis, Janvier Habumugisha","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both fixed and removable functional appliances are commonly used to stimulate mandibular growth and enhance the facial profile of retrognathic patients. This forward posturing of the mandible may affect condylar morphology and position.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study systematically evaluated the effects of functional appliance treatment on condylar morphological and positional changes in growing skeletal Class II patients.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search involved five databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus, from 2000 to 2025.</p><p><strong>Selection criteria: </strong>The study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized longitudinal studies which employed cone-beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The study selection adhered to the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) criteria, and data extraction was performed using the open-source systematic review software, Rayyan.</p><p><strong>Data collection and analysis: </strong>The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for nonrandomized studies of interventions. To assess the certainty of evidence, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool was employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four studies were included, comprising 6 RCTs, 23 prospective longitudinal studies, and 5 retrospective longitudinal studies. The overall risk-of-bias assessment indicated that 47.06% of studies were of low risk, and 52.94% of studies had moderate risk of bias. Functional appliances treatment was associated with anterior condylar shifts, altered condylar shape, retracted articular discs, increased joint spaces, and glenoid fossa remodeling. Few studies reported nonsignificant changes in condylar morphology and position following functional appliance treatment. The overall level of scientific evidence was low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A relatively low level of scientific evidence suggests that treatment with functional appliances may be associated with alterations in condylar position and morphology.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>The protocol for this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with the ID CRD42024507040.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}