European journal of orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"The impact of orthodontic-surgical treatment on female patients' temporomandibular symptoms, psychological distress, and quality of life.","authors":"Elli Suomela, Outi Alanko, Martti T Tuomisto, Erkki Svedström, Timo Peltomäki, Auli Suominen, Tero Soukka, Anna-Liisa Svedström-Oristo","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze changes in patients' temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) symptoms during orthodontic-surgical treatment and to investigate associations between symptoms, findings in temporomandibular joints (TMJs), satisfaction with occlusal function, psychological distress, and orthognathic quality of life (OQoL).</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Thirty-six consecutive female patients started orthodontic-surgical treatment, and 28 voluntary controls participated. Patients and controls filled in a semi-structured diary (regarding satisfaction and TMD symptoms) and the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ); patients also filled in the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Patients' data were analyzed before treatment (T1), after preoperative orthodontics (T3), and one year after jaw surgery (T5). Controls' data were collected at respective time points (CT1, CT2, CT3). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies were performed on patients' and controls' TMJs at T1/CT1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before surgery, patients reported more TMD symptoms than controls. The most frequent symptoms were head/neck pain, stiffness/fatigue of the jaws, and pain in jaw joints. The most common finding in TMJ-MRI was anterior disc displacement with or without reduction. One year after surgery, improvement was seen in patients' satisfaction and OQLQ scores. Patients' number of symptoms correlated negatively with satisfaction and positively with OQLQ scores. No significant correlations were found between the severity of TMJ-MRI findings and satisfaction, number of symptoms, OQLQ function, or sum score.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although TMJ-MRI findings are common among orthodontic-surgical patients, they are not always reflected in subjective symptoms, nor in self-perceived treatment outcome. Individual characteristics, not detectable using objective measures, constitute an important aspect and should therefore reserve more emphasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-dependent impact of Zoledronic acid on periodontal structures under orthodontic loading.","authors":"Ana Zilda Nazar Bergamo, Francisco José Albuquerque de Paula, Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin, Letícia Fernanda Duffles, Ariane Zamarioli, Alberto Consolaro, Marília P Lucisano, Murilo Fernando Neuppmann Feres, Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva, Paulo Nelson-Filho","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate zoledronic acid (ZOL) induced alterations in the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum under orthodontic forces in mice of different ages, focusing on the early and late half-life of ZOL administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Juvenile (6-week; n = 30) and adult (12-week; n = 20) mice (C57BL/6J) were divided into five groups, with three groups receiving a single ZOL dose. A 0.35 N orthodontic force was applied 1 and 12 weeks after ZOL administration. Alveolar bone, cementum, periodontal ligament response, osteoclast activity, calcium and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were assessed at 12 h and 12 weeks after force application.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ZOL reduced tooth displacement and osteoclast counts in the adult and juvenile (latency phase of medication) groups compared to the juvenile control group (P < .05). The thickness of the periodontal ligament and number of blood vessels decreased moderately in adult mice and slightly in juveniles (P < .05), particularly in the ZOL-treated groups. Cementum resorption and alveolar crest irregularities were observed in all the ZOL-treated groups. Juvenile mice that underwent force application 12 weeks after ZOL administration exhibited responses similar to those observed in adult mice.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>This study demonstrated that the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone of juvenile and adult mice respond differently to ZOL treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying these differential effects remain unclear, highlighting the need for further investigation of bone remodeling markers to better understand the impact of ZOL during both the active and latency phases in young and adult subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ZOL intake influenced the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, cementum, blood vessel count, and tooth displacement under orthodontic force. The extent of these changes was age dependent, with distinct effects observed in juvenile and adult mice. Juvenile mice analyzed in the latency phase of medication exhibited behaviors resembling those of adult mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective adherence to oral appliance therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a one-year longitudinal analysis.","authors":"Yanlong Chen, Benjamin T Pliska, Bingshuang Zou, Fernanda R Almeida","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral appliance (OA) therapy is widely used as an alternative to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Traditionally, OA adherence has been assessed through subjective self-reports before, but the availability of objective adherence sensors now allows for more accurate monitoring. This study aimed to analyze one-year objective adherence data to identify adherence patterns over time and factors influencing adherence to OA therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-five OSA patients were recruited from a cohort study and underwent clinical follow-ups at baseline, 1, 6 and 12 months. Patients were treated with custom-made, titratable OAs, and adherence was objectively collected using embedded sensors. Adherence data were analyzed using both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) approaches. Statistical methods, including comparative analyses, logistic regression models, and multivariate linear regression were performed to identify predictors of adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one patients dropped out before the 12-month follow-up, leaving 34 completed the entire study. At the 1-month follow-up, 80.0% of patients were classified as adherent, with a mean wearing time of 5.98 ± 2.38 hours per night. By 6 months, adherence decreased to 67.3%, with a mean wearing time of 5.69 ± 2.08 hours per night. Several significant predictors of adherence were identified, including larger baseline overjet, younger age, and marital status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OA adherence declined significantly within the first 6 months but stabilized between 6 and 12 months. Key baseline factors, such as larger overjet, younger age, and being married or partnered are predictors of better adherence, while psychological Comorbidities are associated with lower adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reporting and interpretation of subgroup analyses in orthodontic meta-analysis; a meta-epidemiological study.","authors":"Lorna Hirst, Iro Ntaga, Jadbinder Seehra, Dimitrios Mavridis, Nikolaos Pandis","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf053","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>In systematic reviews (SRs) with a meta-analysis, a subgroup analysis can be utilised to explore heterogeneity of treatment effects across patient characteristics and assess how patient characteristics, types of intervention, or trial characteristics modify the treatment effect. The aim of this meta-epidemiological study was to investigate the reporting and interpretation of subgroup analyses in the orthodontic literature.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>SRs published between 1st January 2017 - 30th June 2024 in five orthodontic journals and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) were hand searched from journal websites. We assessed the presence of testing for subgroup differences (interaction test) and the interpretation and reporting of subgroup analysis limitations were also reviewed. Descriptive statistics of the SR characteristics and univariable cross-tabulation to detect associations between journal type and variables affecting interpretation of subgroup analyses were undertaken. On an exploratory basis, exact logistic regression was used to examine the effect of publication year on the correct interpretation of subgroup results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five thousand one-hundred and one (5101) articles were screened, 298 SRs were identified of which 70 met the inclusion criteria. In the subgroup analysis, interpretation of the p-value was undertaken in just over half of cases (n = 40, 57.1%). Only 32.9% (n = 23) of subgroup analyses were deemed correctly interpretated. Most commonly, no subgroup limitations were reported by the authors (n = 48, 68.6%) even when such limitations existed. There was no association between year of publication and correct interpretation of subgroup analyses (OR:0.93, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.22, p = 0.62).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There appears to be a lack of awareness of how to correctly interpret subgroup analyses from forest plots. Only a third of orthodontic subgroup analyses assessed in this study were correctly interpreted. Misinterpretation of the effect of covariates (e.g. patient characteristics) on the effect of a treatment intervention could potentially have a negative impact on patient healthcare decisions. Recommendations to improve the interpretation of subgroup analyses are proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative microscopic analysis of plastic dispersion from 3D-printed and thermoformed orthodontic aligners.","authors":"Piero Antonio Zecca, Marina Borgese, Mario Raspanti, Francesca Zara, Rosamaria Fastuca, Marco Serafin, Alberto Caprioglio","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare directly printed aligners (DPA) and thermoformed aligners (TFA), evaluating the potential release and dispersion of microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) particles under simulated oral conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>DPA samples (Graphy Tera Harz TC-85-DAC resin) and TFA samples (Invisalign® SmartTrack) were subjected to rubs in an ultrapure water bath. The liquid was collected post-friction and analyzed for MPs and NPs using various techniques: optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Also, plastic residues were quantified by weighing after drying within a laminar flow hood. Microscopic image analyses comprised the quantification of the average size of MPs and NPs, their concentration by TEM, and the roughness analysis by AFM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The masses of MPs and NPs separated after rubbing were 0.001 g/200 µl and 0.004 g/200 µl for TFA and DPA samples, respectively. TEM analysis confirmed that DPA samples had larger (203.08 ± 2651.65 μm²) and more numerous particles compared to TFA (0.23 ± 27.53 μm²), even though it was not possible to distinguish the MPs and NPs due to clustering of the plastic residuals. AFM analysis indicated a bigger root mean square grain size for TFA than DPA; similarly, the mean roughness was lesser in the DPA sample than TFA one.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DPA generated larger and more numerous plastic particles compared to TFA, though grain-size characterization was challenging due to particle aggregation. This suggests that the manufacturing process and materials used in DPA could impact the creation of MPs and NPs during simulated mastication, highlighting a potential area for process optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12284233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances on the development of gingival recession. A prospective controlled study.","authors":"Dimitrios Kloukos, George Koukos, Nikolaos Pandis, Ioannis Doulis, Andreas Stavropoulos, Christos Katsaros","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess in a prospective controlled study whether orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances results in development of gingival recession (GR), compared with an untreated group of participants.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>The sample consisted of 40 consecutive adult orthodontic patients (Intervention group) and 40 untreated adult volunteers, that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were selected from the same background population, as the control group. GR was measured as part of a full periodontal assessment: before treatment (T0) and 12 months after removal of the fixed appliances (T1) in the intervention group, i.e. at about 30 months from T0, and at baseline (T0) and 30 months after (T1) in the control group. A count data model was fit using the sum of recessions at T1 and as predictors: treatment, periodontal phenotype (thin/thick), side (buccal/lingual), sex, age, and number of recessions at baseline, with robust standard errors to account for the multiple within patient observations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen females and 21 males in each group [mean age in years (range): intervention group 23.1 (16.8 - 43.3); control: 21.85 (18.2 - 43.9)] were analyzed. During the whole study period, the control group exhibited a modest increase in the number of recessions over time. Several patients in the intervention group exhibited a larger increase in the number of recessions than the controls. However, this was partly counteracted by a considerable amount of reduction in the number of recessions in several patients receiving treatment. The adjusted incidence for recession was 67% higher for the intervention group versus the control group (IRR = 1.67, 95% CIs: 1.05, 2.67, P = 0.03). Most recessions, though, were up to 1mm. The most affected teeth were the canines and the first premolars.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to untreated individuals, patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances showed a higher incidence rate of gingival recession at 1-year posttreatment, adjusted for age, periodontal phenotype, side, gender and number of recessions at baseline. However, the severity of gingival recessions was of limited extent.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative evaluation of salivary and plasma bisphenol-A levels in patients released from four different orthodontic appliances: ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry study. A non-randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Serdar Cik, Nihat Kilic, Alptug Atila","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the amount of bisphenol-A (BPA) released from different orthodontic appliances into saliva and plasma and to compare BPA levels between orthodontic appliance groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This non-randomized clinical trial included 78 patients, and they were divided into four groups: fixed appliance, temporary anchorage devices (TADs), removable appliance, and functional appliance groups. Saliva and plasma samples were collected before treatment/appliance wear (T0) and one day (T1), one week (T2), and one month (T3) after treatment/appliance wear. Saliva and plasma BPA levels were analysed using Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Data was analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD multiple comparison tests with Bonferroni correction. Correlations between saliva and plasma BPA levels at different time points were evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BPA levels ranged from 0.07-7.28 ng/ml in saliva samples and from 0.17-12.51 ng/ml in plasma samples in all groups. Within-group comparisons showed no significant changes over time (p > 0.0125) in each group. Between-group comparisons showed significantly higher saliva BPA levels in the fixed appliance group compared to the other groups (p < 0.017), with no significant differences in plasma BPA levels between groups (p < 0.0175). Positive correlations were observed between saliva BPA measurements, whereas positive correlation was observed only between T0 and T3 plasma PBA levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research obviously demonstrated that the orthodontic appliances we investigated release BPA into the saliva. However, the BPA levels detected in both saliva and plasma are consistently within the acceptable safety limits. However, precautions should be taken to minimize BPA release during orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient experiences with clear aligners: a scoping review.","authors":"Hannah Chong, Joshua Peh, Tony Weir, Maurice J Meade","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clear aligner therapy (CAT) is an aesthetic alternative to fixed appliance therapy (FAT). An understanding of patient experiences with CAT can enable clinicians to educate patients, manage expectations, and identify potential barriers to effective treatment. A scoping review was undertaken to map and synthesise the available evidence on patient experiences with CAT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source databases and grey literature were searched. Data collation and synthesis was presented in descriptive and tabular formats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial search yielded 541 articles following removal of duplicate studies. 37 studies met the selection criteria and were scoped in the present review. The studies identified included cross-sectional, longitudinal, prospective, and randomised clinical trials reporting on patient experiences with CAT associated with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQOL) and satisfaction. The impacts of CAT on OHRQOL with relevance to pain was the most frequently evaluated aspect, followed by speech, satisfaction, eating, anxiety, and sleep.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CAT patients report satisfaction with the aesthetics of the appliance however can expect transient negative effects on OHRQOL, pain, anxiety, and speech after commencing treatment. Further longitudinal research using validated qualitative tools focussing on CAT is required.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>This review was registered in the Open Science Framework database (DOI: xx).</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reporting of CONSORT flow diagrams for parallel group randomized controlled trials published in orthodontic journals.","authors":"Marianna Koufatzidou, Ilias Karveleas, Ioanna Mitsika, Krishna Patel, Jadbinder Seehra, Nikolaos Pandis","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The inclusion of a participant flow diagram in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is a requirement of the CONSORT guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess the reporting quality of flow diagrams of RCTs published in orthodontic journals in relation to the CONSORT Flow Diagram for Parallel Group RCTs.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>RCTs published between January 2011 and December 2023 in five orthodontic journals were identified and trial characteristics were extracted. The reporting of the flow diagram (if included) was assessed for completeness in relation to the CONSORT flow diagram template. Descriptive statistics and cross tabulations between RCT characteristics and presence/no presence of a flow diagram were performed. On an exploratory basis, univariable associations between RCT characteristics and presence/no presence of a flow diagram were performed and univariable logistic regression to examine the effect of publication year on flow diagram reporting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and thirty-four RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The majority were published in 2021 (n = 39, 11.7%), and had 2 arms (n = 279, 83.5%). Three-hundred and seven (92.0%) RCTs were published in journals endorsing the CONSORT guidelines. Two hundred and thirty-three (69.8%) RCTs included a flow diagram and from these, 48.1% (n = 112) were fully compliant with flow diagram reporting. 121 (51.9%) omitted at least one item of the CONSORT reporting template. Significant associations between journal type, CONSORT endorsement by authors, ethical approval status, presence of a published protocol, significance of the primary outcome, involvement of a statistician, presence of conflict of interest, center type, type of analysis undertaken and the presence/ no presence of a flow diagram were present. Across the study timeframe, the odds of inclusion of RCT flow diagram increased per additional year (OR:1.47; 95%CI:1.34,1.61; p < .001).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Only five orthodontic journals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions/implications: </strong>Despite improvements over time, the inclusion and reporting of CONSORT flow diagram for parallel group RCTs in trials published in orthodontic journals requires improvement. To mitigate potential biased interpretation of trial results, journal editors should ensure a complete CONSORT flow diagram is submitted by researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative tooth crowding analysis in occlusal intra-oral photographs using a convolutional neural network.","authors":"Gabriel Hertig, Niels van Nistelrooij, Jan Schols, Tong Xi, Shankeeth Vinayahalingam, Raphael Patcas","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental crowding is a primary concern in orthodontic treatment and significantly impacts therapy choices. Accurate quantification of crowding requires time-intensive cast- or scan-based measurements. The aim was to develop an automated deep-learning model capable of assessing anterior crowding and calculating the Little Irregularity Index using single occlusal intra-oral photographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A dataset of 125 untreated individuals (100 from Zurich, Switzerland, and 25 from Nijmegen, the Netherlands) comprised of annotated intra-oral scans and corresponding intra-oral photographs were used to train a dedicated convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN was modeled to detect teeth boundaries, contact points and contact point displacements on photographs. The model's performance to determine anterior crowding and the Little Irregularity Index score was compared to consensus measurements based on intra-oral scans in terms of intra-class correlation (ICC) and mean absolute difference (MAD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model correlated well with the consensus measurement, and proved to be reliable (ICC = 0.900) and accurate (MAD = 0.36 mm) for anterior crowding assessment and Little Irregularity Index alike (ICC = 0.930; MAD = 0.74 mm).</p><p><strong>Limitation: </strong>The model was not trained on cases with interdental spacing, and its reliability for cases with crowding severity outside the tested sample has not been established.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presented CNN-based model was able to quantify the crowding in the anterior segment of the lower dental arch and score the Little Irregularity Index from a single intra-oral photograph with a satisfactory reliability and accuracy. Application of this model may lead to more efficient and convenient orthodontic diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}