Environmental microbiology最新文献_第8页

Unveiling the role of novel carbohydrate-binding modules in laminarin interaction of multimodular proteins from marine Bacteroidota during phytoplankton blooms 揭示新型碳水化合物结合模块在浮游植物大量繁殖期间海洋类杆菌多模块蛋白与层叠蛋白相互作用中的作用

IF 5.1 2区生物学

Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16624

Marie-Katherin Zühlke, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Daniel Bartosik, Nicolas Terrapon, Alexandra Jeudy, Murielle Jam, Fengqing Wang, Norma Welsch, Alexandra Dürwald, Laura Torres Martin, Robert Larocque, Diane Jouanneau, Tom Eisenack, François Thomas, Anke Trautwein-Schult, Hanno Teeling, Dörte Becher, Thomas Schweder, Mirjam Czjzek

{"title":"Unveiling the role of novel carbohydrate-binding modules in laminarin interaction of multimodular proteins from marine Bacteroidota during phytoplankton blooms","authors":"Marie-Katherin Zühlke, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Daniel Bartosik, Nicolas Terrapon, Alexandra Jeudy, Murielle Jam, Fengqing Wang, Norma Welsch, Alexandra Dürwald, Laura Torres Martin, Robert Larocque, Diane Jouanneau, Tom Eisenack, François Thomas, Anke Trautwein-Schult, Hanno Teeling, Dörte Becher, Thomas Schweder, Mirjam Czjzek","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16624","url":null,"abstract":"Laminarin, a β(1,3)-glucan, serves as a storage polysaccharide in marine microalgae such as diatoms. Its abundance, water solubility and simple structure make it an appealing substrate for marine bacteria. Consequently, many marine bacteria have evolved strategies to scavenge and decompose laminarin, employing carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) as crucial components. In this study, we characterized two previously unassigned domains as laminarin-binding CBMs in multimodular proteins from the marine bacterium Christiangramia forsetii KT0803T, thereby introducing the new laminarin-binding CBM families CBM102 and CBM103. We identified four CBM102s in a surface glycan-binding protein (SGBP) and a single CBM103 linked to a glycoside hydrolase module from family 16 (GH16_3). Our analysis revealed that both modular proteins have an elongated shape, with GH16_3 exhibiting greater flexibility than SGBP. This flexibility may aid in the recognition and/or degradation of laminarin, while the constraints in SGBP could facilitate the docking of laminarin onto the bacterial surface. Exploration of bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from phytoplankton blooms in the North Sea showed that both laminarin-binding CBM families are widespread among marine Bacteroidota. The high protein abundance of CBM102- and CBM103-containing proteins during phytoplankton blooms further emphasizes their significance in marine laminarin utilization.","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Specificities and commonalities of the Planctomycetes plasmidome Planctomycetes 质粒体的特异性和共性

IF 5.1 2区生物学

Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16638

María del Mar Quiñonero-Coronel, Damien Paul Devos, M. Pilar Garcillán-Barcia

{"title":"Specificities and commonalities of the Planctomycetes plasmidome","authors":"María del Mar Quiñonero-Coronel, Damien Paul Devos, M. Pilar Garcillán-Barcia","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16638","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmids, despite their critical role in antibiotic resistance and modern biotechnology, are understood in only a few bacterial groups in terms of their natural ecological dynamics. The bacterial phylum Planctomycetes, known for its unique molecular and cellular biology, has a largely unexplored plasmidome. This study offers a thorough exploration of the diversity of natural plasmids within Planctomycetes, which could serve as a foundation for developing various genetic research tools for this phylum. Planctomycetes plasmids encode a broad range of biological functions and appear to have coevolved significantly with their host chromosomes, sharing many homologues. Recent transfer events of insertion sequences between cohabiting chromosomes and plasmids were also observed. Interestingly, 64% of plasmid genes are distantly related to either chromosomally encoded genes or have homologues in plasmids from other bacterial groups. The planctomycetal plasmidome is composed of 36% exclusive proteins. Most planctomycetal plasmids encode a replication initiation protein from the Replication Protein A family near a putative iteron-containing replication origin, as well as active type I partition systems. The identification of one conjugative and three mobilizable plasmids suggests the occurrence of horizontal gene transfer via conjugation within this phylum. This comprehensive description enhances our understanding of the plasmidome of Planctomycetes and its potential implications in antibiotic resistance and biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140907049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancement of soil aggregation and physical properties through fungal amendments under varying moisture conditions 在不同湿度条件下，通过真菌添加剂提高土壤团聚性和物理特性

IF 5.1 2区生物学

Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16627

Violeta Angulo, Robert-Jan Bleichrodt, Jan Dijksterhuis, Amandine Erktan, Mariet M. Hefting, Bart Kraak, George A. Kowalchuk

{"title":"Enhancement of soil aggregation and physical properties through fungal amendments under varying moisture conditions","authors":"Violeta Angulo, Robert-Jan Bleichrodt, Jan Dijksterhuis, Amandine Erktan, Mariet M. Hefting, Bart Kraak, George A. Kowalchuk","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16627","url":null,"abstract":"Soil structure and aggregation are crucial for soil functionality, particularly under drought conditions. Saprobic soil fungi, known for their resilience in low moisture conditions, are recognized for their influence on soil aggregate dynamics. In this study, we explored the potential of fungal amendments to enhance soil aggregation and hydrological properties across different moisture regimes. We used a selection of 29 fungal isolates, recovered from soils treated under drought conditions and varying in colony density and growth rate, for single-strain inoculation into sterilized soil microcosms under either low or high moisture (≤−0.96 and –0.03 MPa, respectively). After 8 weeks, we assessed soil aggregate formation and stability, along with soil properties such as soil water content, water hydrophobicity, sorptivity, total fungal biomass and water potential. Our findings indicate that fungal inoculation altered soil hydrological properties and improved soil aggregation, with effects varying based on the fungal strains and soil moisture levels. We found a positive correlation between fungal biomass and enhanced soil aggregate formation and stabilization, achieved by connecting soil particles via hyphae and modifying soil aggregate sorptivity. The improvement in soil water potential was observed only when the initial moisture level was not critical for fungal activity. Overall, our results highlight the potential of using fungal inoculation to improve the structure of agricultural soil under drought conditions, thereby introducing new possibilities for soil management in the context of climate change.","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140907043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The size and diversity of microbes determine carbon use efficiency in soil 微生物的大小和多样性决定土壤中碳的利用效率

IF 5.1 2区生物学

Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16633

Chansotheary Dang, Ember M. Morrissey

{"title":"The size and diversity of microbes determine carbon use efficiency in soil","authors":"Chansotheary Dang, Ember M. Morrissey","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16633","url":null,"abstract":"Soil is home to a multitude of microorganisms from all three domains of life. These organisms and their interactions are crucial in driving the cycling of soil carbon. One key indicator of this process is Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency (CUE), which shows how microbes influence soil carbon storage through their biomass production. Although CUE varies among different microorganisms, there have been few studies that directly examine how biotic factors influence CUE. One such factor could be body size, which can impact microbial growth rates and interactions in soil, thereby influencing CUE. Despite this, evidence demonstrating a direct causal connection between microbial biodiversity and CUE is still scarce. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted an experiment where we manipulated microbial body size and biodiversity through size-selective filtering. Our findings show that manipulating the structure of the microbial community can reduce CUE by approximately 65%. When we restricted the maximum body size of the microbial community, we observed a reduction in bacterial diversity and functional potential, which in turn lowered the community's CUE. Interestingly, when we included large body size micro-eukarya in the soil, it shifted the soil carbon cycling, increasing CUE by approximately 50% and the soil carbon to nitrogen ratio by about 25%. Our metrics of microbial diversity and community structure were able to explain 36%–50% of the variation in CUE. This highlights the importance of microbial traits, community structure and trophic interactions in mediating soil carbon cycling.","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140907048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling dynamics between free-living amoebae and bacteria 自由生活的变形虫和细菌之间的动力学模型。

IF 5.1 2区生物学

Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16623

Marwa Ali, Christopher A. Rice, Andrew W. Byrne, Philip E. Paré, Wendy Beauvais

{"title":"Modelling dynamics between free-living amoebae and bacteria","authors":"Marwa Ali, Christopher A. Rice, Andrew W. Byrne, Philip E. Paré, Wendy Beauvais","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16623","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16623","url":null,"abstract":"Free-living amoebae (FLA) serve as hosts for a variety of endosymbionts, which are microorganisms that reside and multiply within the FLA. Some of these endosymbionts pose a pathogenic threat to humans, animals, or both. The symbiotic relationship with FLA not only offers these microorganisms protection but also enhances their survival outside their hosts and assists in their dispersal across diverse habitats, thereby escalating disease transmission. This review is intended to offer an exhaustive overview of the existing mathematical models that have been applied to understand the dynamics of FLA, especially concerning their interactions with bacteria. An extensive literature review was conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases to identify mathematical models that describe the dynamics of interactions between FLA and bacteria, as published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. The literature search revealed several FLA–bacteria model systems, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella multocida, and Legionella spp. Although the published mathematical models account for significant system dynamics such as predator–prey relationships and non-linear growth rates, they generally overlook spatial and temporal heterogeneity in environmental conditions, such as temperature, and population diversity. Future mathematical models will need to incorporate these factors to enhance our understanding of FLA–bacteria dynamics and to provide valuable insights for future risk assessment and disease control measures.","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diverse fates of ancient horizontal gene transfers in extremophilic red algae 嗜极红藻中古老水平基因转移的不同命运

IF 5.1 2区生物学

Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16629

Julia Van Etten, Timothy G. Stephens, Erin Chille, Anna Lipzen, Daniel Peterson, Kerrie Barry, Igor V. Grigoriev, Debashish Bhattacharya

{"title":"Diverse fates of ancient horizontal gene transfers in extremophilic red algae","authors":"Julia Van Etten, Timothy G. Stephens, Erin Chille, Anna Lipzen, Daniel Peterson, Kerrie Barry, Igor V. Grigoriev, Debashish Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16629","url":null,"abstract":"Horizontal genetic transfer (HGT) is a common phenomenon in eukaryotic genomes. However, the mechanisms by which HGT-derived genes persist and integrate into other pathways remain unclear. This topic is of significant interest because, over time, the stressors that initially favoured the fixation of HGT may diminish or disappear. Despite this, the foreign genes may continue to exist if they become part of a broader stress response or other pathways. The conventional model suggests that the acquisition of HGT equates to adaptation. However, this model may evolve into more complex interactions between gene products, a concept we refer to as the ‘Integrated HGT Model’ (IHM). To explore this concept further, we studied specialized HGT-derived genes that encode heavy metal detoxification functions. The recruitment of these genes into other pathways could provide clear examples of IHM. In our study, we exposed two anciently diverged species of polyextremophilic red algae from the Galdieria genus to arsenic and mercury stress in laboratory cultures. We then analysed the transcriptome data using differential and coexpression analysis. Our findings revealed that mercury detoxification follows a ‘one gene-one function’ model, resulting in an indivisible response. In contrast, the arsH gene in the arsenite response pathway demonstrated a complex pattern of duplication, divergence and potential neofunctionalization, consistent with the IHM. Our research sheds light on the fate and integration of ancient HGTs, providing a novel perspective on the ecology of extremophiles.","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140818945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resting cells of Skeletonema marinoi assimilate organic compounds and respire by dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in dark, anoxic conditions 在黑暗缺氧条件下，海鞘的静止细胞同化有机化合物，并通过将硝酸盐还原成铵进行异纤毛呼吸

IF 5.1 2区生物学

Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16625

Rickard Stenow, Elizabeth K. Robertson, Olga Kourtchenko, Martin J. Whitehouse, Matthew I. M. Pinder, Giovanna Benvenuto, Mats Töpel, Anna Godhe, Helle Ploug

{"title":"Resting cells of Skeletonema marinoi assimilate organic compounds and respire by dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in dark, anoxic conditions","authors":"Rickard Stenow, Elizabeth K. Robertson, Olga Kourtchenko, Martin J. Whitehouse, Matthew I. M. Pinder, Giovanna Benvenuto, Mats Töpel, Anna Godhe, Helle Ploug","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16625","url":null,"abstract":"Diatoms can survive long periods in dark, anoxic sediments by forming resting spores or resting cells. These have been considered dormant until recently when resting cells of Skeletonema marinoi were shown to assimilate nitrate and ammonium from the ambient environment in dark, anoxic conditions. Here, we show that resting cells of S. marinoi can also perform dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), in dark, anoxic conditions. Transmission electron microscope analyses showed that chloroplasts were compacted, and few large mitochondria had visible cristae within resting cells. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry combined with stable isotopic tracers, we measured assimilatory and dissimilatory processes carried out by resting cells of S. marinoi under dark, anoxic conditions. Nitrate was both respired by DNRA and assimilated into biomass by resting cells. Cells assimilated nitrogen from urea and carbon from acetate, both of which are sources of dissolved organic matter produced in sediments. Carbon and nitrogen assimilation rates corresponded to turnover rates of cellular carbon and nitrogen content ranging between 469 and 10,000 years. Hence, diatom resting cells can sustain their cells in dark, anoxic sediments by slowly assimilating and respiring substrates from the ambient environment.","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140639532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revealing the genetic traits of the foodborne microbial genus hafnia: Implications for the human gut microbiome 揭示食源性微生物哈夫尼亚属的遗传特征：对人类肠道微生物群的影响

IF 5.1 2区生物学

Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16626

Federico Fontana, Giulia Longhi, Elisa Carli, Giulia Alessandri, Leonardo Mancabelli, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Chiara Tarracchini, Alice Viappiani, Rosaria Anzalone, Francesca Turroni, Christian Milani, Marco Ventura

{"title":"Revealing the genetic traits of the foodborne microbial genus hafnia: Implications for the human gut microbiome","authors":"Federico Fontana, Giulia Longhi, Elisa Carli, Giulia Alessandri, Leonardo Mancabelli, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Chiara Tarracchini, Alice Viappiani, Rosaria Anzalone, Francesca Turroni, Christian Milani, Marco Ventura","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16626","url":null,"abstract":"The bacterial genus Hafnia has recently attracted attention due to its complex metabolic features and host-interaction capabilities, which are associated with health benefits, primarily weight loss. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the genomic characteristics of this emerging microbial group. In this study, we utilized all available high-quality genomes of Hafnia alvei and Hafnia paralvei to uncover the broad distribution of Hafnia in human and honeybee guts, as well as in dairy products, by analysing 1068 metagenomic datasets. We then investigated the genetic traits related to Hafnia's production of vitamins and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) through a comparative genomics analysis that included all dominant bacterial species in the three environments under study. Our findings underscore the extensive metabolic capabilities of Hafnia, particularly in the production of vitamins such as thiamine (B1), nicotinate (B3), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folate (B9), cobalamin (B12), and menaquinone (K2). Additionally, Hafnia demonstrated a conserved genetic makeup associated with SCFA production, including acetate, propanoate, and butanoate. These metabolic traits were further confirmed using RNAseq analyses of a newly isolated H. paralvei strain T10. Overall, our study illuminates the ecological distribution and genetic attributes of this bacterial genus, which is of increasing scientific and industrial relevance.","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using digital PCR to predict ciliate abundance from ribosomal RNA gene copy numbers 利用数字 PCR 从核糖体 RNA 基因拷贝数预测纤毛虫的丰度

IF 5.1 2区生物学

Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16619

Megan Gross, Micah Dunthorn, Quentin Mauvisseau, Thorsten Stoeck

{"title":"Using digital PCR to predict ciliate abundance from ribosomal RNA gene copy numbers","authors":"Megan Gross, Micah Dunthorn, Quentin Mauvisseau, Thorsten Stoeck","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16619","url":null,"abstract":"Ciliates play a key role in most ecosystems. Their abundance in natural samples is crucial for answering many ecological questions. Traditional methods of quantifying individual species, which rely on microscopy, are often labour-intensive, time-consuming and can be highly biassed. As a result, we investigated the potential of digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) for quantifying ciliates. A significant challenge in this process is the high variation in the copy number of the taxonomic marker gene (ribosomal RNA [rRNA]). We first quantified the rRNA gene copy numbers (GCN) of the model ciliate, Paramecium tetraurelia, during different stages of the cell cycle and growth phases. The per-cell rRNA GCN varied between approximately 11,000 and 130,000, averaging around 50,000 copies per cell. Despite these variations in per-cell rRNA GCN, we found a highly significant correlation between GCN and cell numbers. This is likely due to the coexistence of different cellular stages in an uncontrolled (environmental) ciliate population. Thanks to the high sensitivity of dPCR, we were able to detect the target gene in a sample that contained only a single cell. The dPCR approach presented here is a valuable addition to the molecular toolbox in protistan ecology. It may guide future studies in quantifying and monitoring the abundance of targeted (even rare) ciliates in natural samples.","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defence systems and horizontal gene transfer in bacteria 细菌的防御系统和水平基因转移

IF 5.1 2区生物学

Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-21 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16630

Roman Kogay, Yuri I. Wolf, Eugene V. Koonin

{"title":"Defence systems and horizontal gene transfer in bacteria","authors":"Roman Kogay, Yuri I. Wolf, Eugene V. Koonin","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16630","url":null,"abstract":"Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a fundamental process in prokaryotic evolution, contributing significantly to diversification and adaptation. HGT is typically facilitated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as conjugative plasmids and phages, which often impose fitness costs on their hosts. However, a considerable number of bacterial genes are involved in defence mechanisms that limit the propagation of MGEs, suggesting they may actively restrict HGT. In our study, we investigated whether defence systems limit HGT by examining the relationship between the HGT rate and the presence of 73 defence systems across 12 bacterial species. We discovered that only six defence systems, three of which were different CRISPR-Cas subtypes, were associated with a reduced gene gain rate at the species evolution scale. Hosts of these defence systems tend to have a smaller pangenome size and fewer phage-related genes compared to genomes without these systems. This suggests that these defence mechanisms inhibit HGT by limiting prophage integration. We hypothesize that the restriction of HGT by defence systems is species-specific and depends on various ecological and genetic factors, including the burden of MGEs and the fitness effect of HGT in bacterial populations.","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0