Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality最新文献_第2页

Utilization of a bioluminescence toxicity assay for optimal design of biological and physicochemical wastewater treatment processes 利用生物发光毒性试验优化设计生物和物理化学废水处理工艺

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090410

A. Brenner, S. Belkin, S. Ulitzur, A. Abeliovich

{"title":"Utilization of a bioluminescence toxicity assay for optimal design of biological and physicochemical wastewater treatment processes","authors":"A. Brenner, S. Belkin, S. Ulitzur, A. Abeliovich","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2530090410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2530090410","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive laboratory investigation was conducted to test the feasibility of employing biological and physicochemical treatment processes for complex wastewaters discharged by several chemical industries. Results obtained during this study indicated that the wastes contain a fraction of toxic and nonbiodegradable organic matter, which limits the implementation of a conventional biological treatment process for the combined wastewater stream. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Toxicity, as measured by a bioluminescence assay (Microtox), served as a valuable tool to assess biological treatability of various waste sources, with the aim to select an economically feasible and environmentally acceptable treatment/management program for an industrial park. Toxicity values served as quantitative indices for the establishment of baseline data of removability potential, defined either by biodegradation or carbon adsorption. This removability data enabled identification of problematic waste sources, which are only partially biodegradable and/or possess considerable toxicity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Further investigation of the problematic waste streams focused on the evaluation of activated carbon adsorption characteristics, using toxicity balances instead of traditional chemical determinations. This method could be successfully employed to yield simultaneously both adsorption characteristics and an assessment of the impact of the treated effluent on biota in receiving waters. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":"122 1","pages":"311-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79456542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Comparative studies on cytotoxicity of micropollutants in water: Principle of cytotoxicity matrix 水中微污染物细胞毒性的比较研究:细胞毒性基质原理

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090413

H. Utsumi, K. Kiyoshige, S. Shimbara, A. Hamada

{"title":"Comparative studies on cytotoxicity of micropollutants in water: Principle of cytotoxicity matrix","authors":"H. Utsumi, K. Kiyoshige, S. Shimbara, A. Hamada","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2530090413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2530090413","url":null,"abstract":"Cytotoxicities were investigated with chemicals including pesticides, industrial materials, and chlorination by-products using colony formation inhibition of L-929 cells and membrane damage of “liposomes” to develop the simple bioassays for estimation of human hazardous micropollutants in water. Some chemicals including pesticides and chlorination by-products strongly inhibited colony formation of L-929 cells, and the inhibition was dose dependent. But most cytotoxic substances did not increase membrane permeability of liposomes, suggesting that Cytotoxicity of these chemicals does not arise from direct damage of cell membranes. The IC10 and IC50,10 and 50% inhibition concentrations, were obtained from the dose-response curve of colony formation. The IC10 showed good correlation (r = 0.75) to LD50 of rat by intraperitoneal administration but not to those by oral administration. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The results were compared to those with viability of HL-60 cells, phagocytic activity of mice peritoneal macrophages, glycogenolysis, and LDH release of rat liver hepatocytes. The susceptibilities were largely different among these Cytotoxicity tests, and the colony formation inhibition test gave similar results to the viability of HL-60 cells. The principle of “cytotcxicity matrix” was developed from the comparison of cytotoxicities for each chemical. The characteristic relation was found between the chemical structure and the pattern of the Cytotoxicity matrix, indicating that the Cytotoxicity matrix may be useful for predicting the origin and nature of micropollutants. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":"84 1","pages":"333-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83831685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Inhibition of the biological self‐purification by chlorophenols, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the complexing agents ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid 氯酚、十二烷基硫酸钠和配合物乙二胺四乙酸和硝基三乙酸对生物自净化的抑制作用

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090412

A. Weßler, U. Obst

{"title":"Inhibition of the biological self‐purification by chlorophenols, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the complexing agents ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid","authors":"A. Weßler, U. Obst","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2530090412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2530090412","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of enzymatic activities in surface water allows the control of the biological selfpurification as well as being an indicator for microbial degradation of xenobiotics. As for this matter it is a good instrument for controlling alterations in the ecosystem. Inhibition of enzymatic activities (esterases, β-glucosidases, and alanin-aminopeptidases) were analyzed using linear dilution of the water under test, then correlating the resulting enzyme activities of each dilution step and the concentration of the sample. Because of the complex matrix of surface water, chemical analysis of inhibiting substances has been and still is very difficult. A characterization of these substances is therefore only possible by pretreatment of the samples. In order to simulate definite inhibition effects, surface water was spiked with 2-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol, as well as with the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate and the complex agents ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid. The simulated inhibition effects on the enzyme activities were characterized closely by an additional pretreatment of the water under test. The elimination of the inhibiting substances by adsorption on water-insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone or activated carbon and the reduction of the inhibitory effect on the enzyme activities were investigated. The oxidation of inhibiting chemicals using stripping or treatment with H2O2 was also found to be a reliable method to diminish the inhibitory effects on the enzymatic activities. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":"37 9 1","pages":"327-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82818722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Construction of umu‐fhuA operon fusions to detect genotoxic potential by an antibody—cell surface reaction 构建umu - fhuA操纵子融合体，通过抗体-细胞表面反应检测基因毒性潜能

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090406

S. Stubner, M. Schloter, G. Moeck, J. Coulton, F. Ahne, A. Hartmann

引用次数: 6

Residues of total mercury in fish from two small lakes in the biosphere reserve of Schorfheide‐Chorin in Brandenburg, east Germany 德国东部勃兰登堡Schorfheide‐Chorin生物圈保护区两个小湖泊鱼类中总汞残留量

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090408

T. Mattheis, M. Pietrock, R. Krüger

{"title":"Residues of total mercury in fish from two small lakes in the biosphere reserve of Schorfheide‐Chorin in Brandenburg, east Germany","authors":"T. Mattheis, M. Pietrock, R. Krüger","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2530090408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2530090408","url":null,"abstract":"Total mercury was determined in white trunk muscle of fish from two small lakes using flameless AAS. Both lakes, surrounded by forest and agricultural fields, are situated in the biosphere reserve of Schorfheide-Chorin about 50 km northeast of Berlin. Direct contamination by sewage and industrial waste has been excluded definitively. In the Plunzsee (area 25 ha, depth 10 m, no surface inflow, temporary outflow), 9 of 10 northern pike (Esox lucius) had mean Hg contents of 0.590 mg kg−1 (range 0.509–0.674) and therefore residues distinctly above the “normal level” of 0.2 mg kg−1, which is taken by the World Health Organization (WHO) to characterize fish from uncontaminated inland waters. Four of five roach (Rutilus rutilus) had Hg residues (0.272–0.393 mg kg−1) above the WHO limit, but 4 of 5 bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), a stocked filter-feeder, ranged beneath it. In the Dollnsee (22 ha, 8 m) Hg residues in 28 pike ranged from 0.027 to 0.378 mg kg−1 with a mean of 0.154 mg kg−1. In 10 bream (Abramis brama), these data were 0.016–0.072 mg kg−1 and 0.050 mg kg−1, respectively. Twenty-one roach had mean Hg contents of 0.088 mg kg−1 (range 0.038–0.182). In 8 perch (Perca fluviatilis) and 12 eel (Anguilla anguilla), these data were 0.063 mg kg−1 (0.051–0.090) and 0.073 mg kg−1 (0.008–0.170), respectively. None of the 99 muscle samples exceeded the hygienic mercury limits of the Federal Republic of Germany. A possible Hg load by airborne wet and dry depositions is discussed. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":"9 1","pages":"299-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87784485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Aquatic field studies in ecotoxicological assessment of hazardous substances 水生有害物质生态毒理学评价的实地研究

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090405

C. Kussatz

{"title":"Aquatic field studies in ecotoxicological assessment of hazardous substances","authors":"C. Kussatz","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2530090405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2530090405","url":null,"abstract":"The role of field tests for chemical management must not be overestimated. Results obtained from multi species tests in the field indisputably give valuable information on the fate of a substance that facilitates the assessment of results from laboratory tests provided the test design is orientated on the appropriate formulation of question. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000If those investigations are available, they are included in the assessment of substances. These may increase the uncertainty factor, but this can only be a critical case-by-case decision. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The investigations, however, have to satisfy certain minimum requirements: \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000—examination of several test concentrations and untreated controls, proof of a dose–effect relationship, ability to derive the NOEC; \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000—exposure of several taxonomic groups over a longer period; \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000—analytical control of the test concentration during the experiment; \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000—equivalent development of controls, ability to repeat the experiments under different starting conditions; and \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000—use of aquatic ecological parameters as toxicological end points. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Independently of these requirements, the necessity of validation does in principle exist. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":"12 1","pages":"281-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83167371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cyst‐based ecotoxicological tests using Anostracans: Comparison of two species of Streptocephalus 用Anostracans进行基于囊肿的生态毒理学试验:两种链头虫的比较

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090411

A. Crisinei, L. Delaunay, D. Rossel, J. Tarradellas, H. Meyer, H. Saïah, P. Vogel, C. Delisle, C. Blaise

{"title":"Cyst‐based ecotoxicological tests using Anostracans: Comparison of two species of Streptocephalus","authors":"A. Crisinei, L. Delaunay, D. Rossel, J. Tarradellas, H. Meyer, H. Saïah, P. Vogel, C. Delisle, C. Blaise","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2530090411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2530090411","url":null,"abstract":"Cyst-based ecotoxicological tests are simple and low-cost methods for assessing acute toxicity. Nevertheless, only a few comparative studies on their sensitivity are known. In the present study, the suitability of the use of two freshwater Anostracan species, Streptocephalus rubricaudatus and S. texanus, was assessed. The impact of 16 priority pollutants (4 heavy metals, 11 organic, and 1 organometallic compounds) on these two species, as well as on Artemia salina (Artoxkit M), Daphnia magna (International Organization for Standardization 6341), and S. proboscideus (Streptoxkit F) was assessed. For indicative comparison, bioassays using Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotoxkit F) and Photobacterium phosphoreum (Microtox) were also performed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000For heavy metals (K2Cr2O7, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+), the sensitivity of the two studied Streptocephalus species was slightly higher than that of D. magna. It was significantly more elevated than for the marine A. salina. For organic and organometallic micropollutants [phenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol (PCP), hydroquinone, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, tributylphosphate, dimethylphthalate, atrazine, lindane, malathion, tributyltin chloride (TBT-CI)], the sensitivity of the 4 anostracan species was of the same order of magnitude as that of D. magna. Artemia salina was slightly less sensitive to some organic compounds (PCP, hydroquinone, TBT-CI). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The sensitivity of S. rubricaudatus to organic solvents was low. On the other hand, this anostracan was quite sensitive to NaCI. Thus, its use is restricted to freshwater samples. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The evaluation of global practicability of these two tests confirms that cyst-based freshwater anostracans may be used to perform low-cost tests at a sensitivity comparable to that of D. magna (24 h immobilization test). © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":"25 1","pages":"317-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78695180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Chemosensory responses of ciliates: A sensitive end point in xenobiotic hazard assessment 纤毛虫的化学感觉反应:异种生物危害评估的敏感终点

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090414

W. Pauli, S. Berger, S. Schmitz, L. Jaskulka

{"title":"Chemosensory responses of ciliates: A sensitive end point in xenobiotic hazard assessment","authors":"W. Pauli, S. Berger, S. Schmitz, L. Jaskulka","doi":"10.1002/TOX.2530090414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TOX.2530090414","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that ciliates exhibit chemosensory behavior. An assay implementing this response was performed with Tetrahymena thermophila, a well-studied representative of the ciliates. A concentration-dependent avoiding reaction was observed for all substances of the test battery, comprising a heterogeneous set of 43 compounds from the European Inventory of Existing Chemicals. Comparisons were made between toxic data from this chemosensory test and chemical concentrations leading to effects on Tetrahymena growth, and EC values from recommended aquatic toxicity tests. Low correlation coefficients indicate that the chemosensory response reflects chemical interactions, which cannot be adequately explained by these other tests. The chemosensory assay proved to be more sensitive in the majority of cases than the Tetrahymena growth test and standard tests with fish and Daphnia. Tetrahymena is able to recognize and avoid about half the substances at concentrations lower than those effective in the algae growth inhibition test. The behavioral response of Tetrahymena could provide further lexicological information and serve as a complementary sublethal end point for ecotoxicological screening purposes. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..","PeriodicalId":11824,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality","volume":"6 1","pages":"341-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82271148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Derivation of water quality objectives for hazardous substances to protect aquatic ecosystems: Single-species test approach 保护水生生态系统的有害物质水质指标的推导:单物种试验方法

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090403

D. Schudoma

引用次数: 12

Estimation of cadmium, lead, and mercury concentrations in estuarine waters using the mussel Mytilus edulis planulatus L. 利用贻贝对河口水域中镉、铅和汞浓度的估计。

Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality Pub Date : 1994-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/TOX.2530090305

J. G. Fabris, B. Richardson, J. O'Sullivan, F. Brown

引用次数: 39