Environmental toxicology and pharmacology最新文献_第8页

Pesticide residues in beeswax from Western Spain: Toxicological risk for bee health and beekeeping productivity 西班牙西部蜂蜡中的农药残留：对蜜蜂健康和养蜂生产力的毒理学风险

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104744

María Benito-Murcia , Eduardo García-Vicente , María Martín , Ana Pérez , David Risco , Juan Manuel Alonso Rodríguez , Francisco Soler , Marcos Pérez-López , María Prado Míguez-Santiyán , Salomé Martinez-Morcillo

{"title":"Pesticide residues in beeswax from Western Spain: Toxicological risk for bee health and beekeeping productivity","authors":"María Benito-Murcia , Eduardo García-Vicente , María Martín , Ana Pérez , David Risco , Juan Manuel Alonso Rodríguez , Francisco Soler , Marcos Pérez-López , María Prado Míguez-Santiyán , Salomé Martinez-Morcillo","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pesticide residues in beeswax pose a risk to bee health and hive productivity. This study analyzed 25 beeswax samples from apiaries across five regions in Extremadura, a key beekeeping area in Spain. Foundation wax samples were also sourced from three common suppliers to evaluate contamination at the origin. A multi-residue of 560 substances was performed using QuEChERS extraction, LC-MS, and GC-MS methods. The results revealed 18 insecticides, 7 fungicides, and 4 herbicides, including banned substances such as endrin (up to 218.57 µg/kg) and chlorfenvinphos (15–16 µg/kg). Acrinathrin (5.27–122 µg/kg) and tau-fluvalinate (6.5–138.79 µg/kg) were the most frequent residues. Foundation wax accumulated 16 pesticide residues, highlighting its potential as a source of contamination. Banned pesticides have also been detected. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring pesticide residues in commercial foundation waxes and assessing the impact of pesticide exposure from wax on beekeeping and human safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Permethrin exposure increases the adipogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells by negatively regulating autophagy and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway 氯菊酯暴露通过负向调节自噬和Wnt/β-catenin通路增加间充质干细胞的成脂承诺

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104742

Julee Verma , Neeraj Kumar Satija

{"title":"Permethrin exposure increases the adipogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells by negatively regulating autophagy and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway","authors":"Julee Verma , Neeraj Kumar Satija","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permethrin (PER) is a synthetic pyrethroid used in agricultural settings and public health. Previously, PER exposure has been linked with increased adipogenesis. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also associated with the regulation of adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study evaluated the effect of acute PER exposure (24 hr) on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its impact on adipogenic commitment of MSC. It also assessed the cross-talk of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and autophagy in PER-mediated adipogenesis. Immunoblotting results showed PER inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Nile red staining showed decreased adipogenesis upon PER pre-treatment in combination with lithium chloride compared to PER alone. Further, immunoblotting revealed lithium chloride-mediated activation of autophagy in MSCs. Nile red staining showed inhibition of adipogenic differentiation upon activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and autophagy. Overall, the data showed that cross-talk of autophagy and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway negatively regulates adipogenic commitment of MSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pesticide contamination and antimicrobial resistance: Two threats to the Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis) in the Peñas Blancas River Basin, Costa Rica 农药污染和抗菌素耐药性：哥斯达黎加Peñas布兰卡斯河流域新热带水獭（Lontra longicaudis）的两大威胁

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104743

Aurora Guizado-Batista , Seiling Vargas-Villalobos , Manuel Spínola Parallada , Denis Salas-Gonzalez , Andrea Porres-Camacho , Manuel Cortez-Martínez , Francisco Quesada-Alvarado , Rodolfo Umaña-Castro , Carolina Sancho-Blanco , Frank Solano-Campos , Alexander Madrigal-Mora , Jenny Villalobos-Sequeira , Josmari Medrano-Lozano , Kinndle Blanco-Peña

{"title":"Pesticide contamination and antimicrobial resistance: Two threats to the Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis) in the Peñas Blancas River Basin, Costa Rica","authors":"Aurora Guizado-Batista , Seiling Vargas-Villalobos , Manuel Spínola Parallada , Denis Salas-Gonzalez , Andrea Porres-Camacho , Manuel Cortez-Martínez , Francisco Quesada-Alvarado , Rodolfo Umaña-Castro , Carolina Sancho-Blanco , Frank Solano-Campos , Alexander Madrigal-Mora , Jenny Villalobos-Sequeira , Josmari Medrano-Lozano , Kinndle Blanco-Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of synthetic pesticides on antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in bacterial communities from contaminated waters are unclear. Otters in the Peñas Blancas basin encounter various anthropogenic residues, including pesticides. In 2022, we analyzed the presence of pesticides in six water samples and ARGs in eight otter fecal samples. Thirteen pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and multi-target) and seven ARGs (<em>qnrS</em>, <em>tetA</em>, <em>tetB</em>, <em>tetQ</em>, <em>tetW</em>, <em>sulI</em>, <em>sulII</em>) were detected. Regulated pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and ethoprophos, along with diazinon, diuron, imidacloprid, and terbutryn were found. These pesticides have been implicated in promoting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria, particularly when combined with sub-lethal doses of antibiotics. Elevated levels of ethoprophos (0.67 ng/L) and a fecal sample containing four ARGs (<em>tetA</em>, <em>tetB</em>, <em>sulI</em>, and <em>sulII</em>) came from the upper basin. Our findings reveal pesticide application practices in the region, and highlight the potential risk of pesticide exposure to wildlife, including development of AMR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reproductive toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances 全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的生殖毒性。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104740

Robinson Ajana , Dominik Rachoń , Grażyna Gałęzowska

{"title":"Reproductive toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances","authors":"Robinson Ajana , Dominik Rachoń , Grażyna Gałęzowska","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic fluorinated compounds known for their persistence in the environment and widespread presence in consumer products. Human exposure occurs through multiple routes, leading to bioaccumulation in various tissues and significant health concerns, particularly reproductive toxicity.</div><div>This review critically examines the reproductive effects of both long- and short-chain PFAS and explores the mechanisms underlying their toxicity. PFAS have been shown to downregulate key genes involved in steroidogenesis, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP11A1, CYP17A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Additionally, PFAS exert direct toxic effects on developing spermatogonia and oocytes, impairing reproductive function. While most research has focused on long-chain PFAS, this review highlights that short-chain PFAS pose comparable risks, necessitating further investigation.</div><div>The ability to biodegrade PFAS has been demonstrated, offering a potential approach to mitigate tissue accumulation and reduce associated health risks.</div><div>However, gaps remain in our understanding of PFAS mechanisms, with conflicting evidence across different compounds and study models. Standardized methodologies and long-term human studies are essential to fully elucidate the chronic effects of PFAS exposure and develop effective mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Alarming Consequences of Workforce Reductions at the FDA, EPA, NIH and CDC in the United States 美国FDA、EPA、NIH和CDC裁员的惊人后果。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104711

Martin van den Berg PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Regulatory Toxicology & Pharmacology and Current Opinion in Toxicology) , Daniel R. Dietrich PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Chemico-Biological Interactions, Computational Toxicology, and Journal of Toxicology and Regulatory Policy) , Sonja von Aulock PhD (Editor-in-Chief, ALTEX – Alternatives to Animal Experimentation) , Anna Bal-Price PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Reproductive Toxicology) , Michael D. Coleman PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology) , Mark T.D. Cronin PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Computational Toxicology) , Paul Jennings PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Toxicology in Vitro) , Angela Mally PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Toxicology Letters) , Mathieu Vinken PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Toxicology and NAM Journal) , Matthew C. Wright PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Food and Chemical Toxicology)

引用次数: 0

Sustainable beekeeping: The impact of organic molecules on honey bee health and apiculture 可持续养蜂：有机分子对蜜蜂健康和养蜂的影响。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104739

Matías D. Maggi , Giulia A. Mitton

引用次数: 0

Investigating metabolomic alterations in caged Sinanodonta woodiana exposed to stream pollution 研究暴露于溪流污染的笼中木蛙的代谢组学变化

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104741

Muhammad Rivaldi , Miho Nomura , Andhika Puspito Nugroho

{"title":"Investigating metabolomic alterations in caged Sinanodonta woodiana exposed to stream pollution","authors":"Muhammad Rivaldi , Miho Nomura , Andhika Puspito Nugroho","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural runoff containing pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and other chemicals is a significant source of stream pollution, affecting water quality, aquatic organism health, and public safety. This study evaluated the metabolomic responses of the freshwater mussel <em>Sinanodonta woodiana</em> when exposed to pollution in the Winongo stream, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. To simulate varying pollution conditions, mussels were transplanted to three stations along the stream for 28 days, representing lightly (S1), moderately (S3), and heavily polluted (S2) environments. The investigation focused on metabolomic responses, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]), and metallothionein (MT) concentrations in the gills of <em>S. woodiana</em>. Targeted metabolomic analysis successfully identified 15 amino acids, with principal component analysis (PCA) explaining 74.1 % of the total variance on day 3 and 65.2 % after 28 days. These findings highlight significant metabolic alterations related to pollution exposure. The trends observed in MT concentration and the activities of SOD and CAT reflect an adaptive response to pollution. MT levels increased significantly, peaking around day 14, especially at the most polluted station (S2), which indicates enhanced detoxification activity. After day 14, the decline in MT levels may suggest either environmental acclimatization or a reduction in pollutant levels. Similarly, SOD and CAT activities peaked around day 14 in response to oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Subsequently, they fluctuated, tending to decrease the intensity of pollution. Overall, the study demonstrates that pollution in the Winongo stream induces various toxicological effects on <em>S. woodiana</em>, providing valuable insights into the biological impacts of environmental contamination on freshwater organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exposure to airborne polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of uterine leiomyomata, endometriosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome: A register-based Danish cohort study 暴露于空气中多氯联苯与子宫平滑肌瘤、子宫内膜异位症和多囊卵巢综合征的风险：一项基于登记的丹麦队列研究。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104738

Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg , Lauren Anne Wise , Amelia Kent Wesselink , Henriette Svarre Nielsen , Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen , Matthew P. Fox , Marie Frederiksen , Esben Meulengracht Flachs , Harald William Meyer , Karin Sørig Hougaard , Jens Peter Bonde , Laura Deen

{"title":"Exposure to airborne polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of uterine leiomyomata, endometriosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome: A register-based Danish cohort study","authors":"Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg , Lauren Anne Wise , Amelia Kent Wesselink , Henriette Svarre Nielsen , Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen , Matthew P. Fox , Marie Frederiksen , Esben Meulengracht Flachs , Harald William Meyer , Karin Sørig Hougaard , Jens Peter Bonde , Laura Deen","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess whether exposure to lower-chlorinated PCBs from building materials is associated with increased incidence of UL, endometriosis, and PCOS in female residents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We studied 21,619 residents of two Danish partially PCB-contaminated housing areas from 1970 to 2018. Combining register-based relocation history with indoor air measurements, we quantified annual cumulative exposure (PCB<sub>year</sub>). Nationwide registers identified outcome diagnoses; Cox regression with time-varying exposure estimated hazard ratios (HR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During ≈ 380,000 person-years, we identified 662 incident UL, 199 endometriosis, and 190 PCOS cases. Median exposure was 56.3 PCB<sub>year</sub> (5–95 percentile: 0.3–4952). Adjusted HRs per 4 ×interquartile range increase in PCB<sub>year</sub> (880 ng/m<sup>3</sup>×year) showed no association with UL (HR 0.99, 95 % CI 0.96–1.02), endometriosis (0.96, 95 % CI 0.90–1.02), or PCOS (HR 0.98, 95 % CI 0.93–1.03).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This first study of gynecological risks from residential PCB exposure found no effect, though exposure misclassification and outcome underascertainment may have biased results towards the null.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification and quantification of acetyl triethyl citrate metabolites: Insights from in vitro and in vivo analysis 鉴定和定量的乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯代谢物：从体外和体内分析的见解

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104727

Hyeri Jeon , Daeho Kang , Eun-Ah Park , Kailin Shen , Youngrok Lee , Kijeong Yun , Junho Jeon , Bongjin Moon , Kuynghee Ji , Sungkyoon Kim , Younglim Kho

{"title":"Identification and quantification of acetyl triethyl citrate metabolites: Insights from in vitro and in vivo analysis","authors":"Hyeri Jeon , Daeho Kang , Eun-Ah Park , Kailin Shen , Youngrok Lee , Kijeong Yun , Junho Jeon , Bongjin Moon , Kuynghee Ji , Sungkyoon Kim , Younglim Kho","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC), a citric acid ester used as an alternative to phthalate plasticizers, has raised concerns due to reported hepatotoxicity, lipid metabolism disruption, and embryotoxicity. However, data on human metabolites remain limited. This study aimed to identify ATEC metabolites via <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> approaches and establish a method for urinary quantification. <em>In vitro</em> experiments using human liver microsomes (HLM) identified acetyl diethyl citrate (ADEC), triethyl citrate (TEC), and diethyl citrate (DEC). In contrast, human oral administration revealed ADEC, acetyl monoethyl citrate (AMEC), and DEC in urine. ADEC and DEC were synthesized and quantified as reference standards, confirming their biomarker potential. Following oral administration, 37 % of the ATEC dose was excreted in urine as ADEC and DEC within 48 h, indicating their role as major metabolites. These findings provide baseline data for assessing human exposure to ATEC and highlight the need for further investigation of AMEC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104727"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive evaluation of 2,4-D dimethylammonium toxicity in rice field crabs (Somanniathelphusa bangkokensis) 2,4- d二甲基铵对稻田蟹（Somanniathelphusa bangkok）毒性的综合评价

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104725

Sugunya Kumla , Naiyana Senasri , Phochit Nanthnawat , Jakkaphun Nanuam , Panomsak Meemon , Suriya Udduang , Chutima Thanomsit

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of 2,4-D dimethylammonium toxicity in rice field crabs (Somanniathelphusa bangkokensis)","authors":"Sugunya Kumla , Naiyana Senasri , Phochit Nanthnawat , Jakkaphun Nanuam , Panomsak Meemon , Suriya Udduang , Chutima Thanomsit","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2,4-D dimethylammonium is a widely used herbicide known for its environmental persistence and adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the toxicological impacts of 2,4-D dimethylammonium on rice field crabs (<em>Somanniathelphusa bangkokensis</em>), focusing on morphological, biochemical, and histological alterations. Crabs were exposed to varying concentrations of 2,4-D dimethylammonium (210–378 mg/L) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed significant structural damage in the gills, including tissue swelling, lamellar collapse, and cuticle rupture, and in hepatopancreas tissues, including vacuolation and lumen distension. Hemocyte analysis showed a reduction in total hemocyte count and abnormal cell morphology, indicating impaired immune function. Biochemical assays revealed a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with SDS-PAGE and Western blotting confirming AChE expression at 71 kDa. Histological analysis supported these findings, with progressive tissue damage correlating with both herbicide concentration and exposure duration. The study highlights the systemic effects of 2,4-D dimethylammonium on rice field crabs, emphasizing the need for stricter herbicide regulation and further research into its long-term ecological impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0