Environmental toxicology and pharmacology最新文献

Associations between prenatal mercury exposure from rice consumption and foetal growth: A cross-sectional study 产前大米摄入汞暴露与胎儿生长之间的关系：一项横断面研究。

IF 4.6 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.105174

Yaya Dai, Fuli Wen, Ping Li, Wenjuan Wang

{"title":"Associations between prenatal mercury exposure from rice consumption and foetal growth: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Yaya Dai, Fuli Wen, Ping Li, Wenjuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of prenatal Hg exposure on foetal development remains unclear, and the role of rice consumption as a dietary exposure source warrants further study. This study measured THg concentrations in maternal venous blood, placental tissue, and cord blood from 111 mother-infant pairs. Overall, THg exposure levels in this population were relatively low; however, pregnant women who consumed home-grown rice exhibited higher Hg concentrations than those who consumed market-purchased rice. After adjusting for covariates, Hg exposure was negatively associated with birth weight Z-score (BWz) and biparietal diameter Z-score (BPDz). Restricted cubic spline analysis further revealed a nonlinear relationship between cord blood THg and BWz, as well as a similar pattern between maternal THg and placental 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels. Our findings suggest that prenatal Hg exposure may be associated with foetal growth outcomes and placental epigenetic alterations in a population where rice represents an important dietary source of MeHg. Given the cross-sectional design, causal inference is limited, and the findings should be interpreted with caution and not be overgeneralized. Further longitudinal studies in diverse populations are warranted to confirm these associations and clarify underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 105174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated network toxicology and transcriptomics uncover that the involvement of NF-κB/NLRP3 pyroptosis axis in mediating BaP-induced hepatotoxicity and fibrosis 综合网络毒理学和转录组学揭示NF-κB/NLRP3焦亡轴参与介导bap诱导的肝毒性和纤维化。

IF 4.6 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.105179

Bohe Wang, Xiuxia Dong, Jiayue Li, Xiaojuan Feng, Yongkang Chen, Na Liu, Pengjuan Fu, Junling Wang, Xiangli Li

{"title":"Integrated network toxicology and transcriptomics uncover that the involvement of NF-κB/NLRP3 pyroptosis axis in mediating BaP-induced hepatotoxicity and fibrosis","authors":"Bohe Wang, Xiuxia Dong, Jiayue Li, Xiaojuan Feng, Yongkang Chen, Na Liu, Pengjuan Fu, Junling Wang, Xiangli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzo[<em>a</em>]pyrene (BaP), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, exerts hepatotoxicity primarily through its metabolite BPDE. This study combined network toxicology and experimental validation to delineate the mechanisms of BaP-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Network analysis identified ICAM-1 as a potential core target, and previous clinical data confirmed its upregulation in liver injury patients. In a rat model, BaP exposure induced dose-dependent hepatic injury and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, BaP activated the NF-κB/TNF-α signaling axis, upregulating ICAM-1 and initiating NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Activated NLRP3 promoted Caspase-1-dependent cleavage of GSDMD, leading to hepatocyte pyroptosis and the release of IL-1β and IL-18. Concurrently, ICAM-1 facilitated inflammatory cell infiltration. This sustained inflammatory microenvironment ultimately activated the TGF-β/α-SMA/Col-I axis, driving hepatic stellate cell activation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition, thereby promoting liver fibrosis. Our findings elucidate a cascading pathway linking BaP exposure to oxidative stress, NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, and hepatic fibrogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 105179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of mixed exposure to 18 PFASs on dyslipidemia risk: An epidemiological study in middle-aged and elderly adults 评估混合暴露于18种PFASs对血脂异常风险的影响：一项针对中老年人的流行病学研究。

IF 4.6 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.105175

Chiqun Shan, Xinhui Qiu, Qinru Xiao, Yiming Ge, Bo Fu, Yuli Lin, Aihua Guo, Mengyan Li, Pan Xu, Jimin Xu, Shaoyou Lu, Haobo Chen

{"title":"Assessing the impact of mixed exposure to 18 PFASs on dyslipidemia risk: An epidemiological study in middle-aged and elderly adults","authors":"Chiqun Shan, Xinhui Qiu, Qinru Xiao, Yiming Ge, Bo Fu, Yuli Lin, Aihua Guo, Mengyan Li, Pan Xu, Jimin Xu, Shaoyou Lu, Haobo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular risk factor, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may disrupt lipid metabolism. This cross-sectional study measured urinary concentrations of 18 PFASs and fasting serum lipids in 214 middle-aged and elderly adults from Guangzhou, China. Associations were assessed using regression models and three mixture approaches: weighted quantile sum regression, quantile g-computation, and Bayesian kernel machine regression, with stratification by sex and age. Twelve PFASs were detected in over 60% of participants, with PFBA and PFPeA showing the highest concentrations. Short-chain PFASs, including PFBA, PFHxA, and PFBS, were positively associated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, whereas PFHpA showed inverse associations. 6:2-Cl-PFESA was associated with lower high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol. Mixture analyses showed no overall association but suggested antagonistic and interactive effects. Associations were stronger in men and adults aged 60–75 years. Prospective studies are needed to clarify causality and mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 105175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Metformin alleviates paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by promoting caveolin-1 and inhibiting ferroptosis” [Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 126 (2026) 105113] “二甲双胍通过促进小窝蛋白-1和抑制铁下垂减轻百草枯诱导的肺纤维化”的更正[环境]。Toxicol。药理学杂志，26 (2026):1051 [j]。

IF 4.6 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.105134

Luan Wang, Zhiyu Ma, Tiegang Li

引用次数: 0

Mycotoxins as environmental pollutants: epigenetic modifications in animals and implications for ecosystem health 真菌毒素作为环境污染物：动物的表观遗传修饰及其对生态系统健康的影响。

IF 4.6 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.105176

Hira Sayed, Saber Y. Adam, Syeda Amna Batool, Thobela Louis Tyasi, In Ho Kim, Abdelkareem A. Ahmed, Hao-Yu Liu, Demin Cai

{"title":"Mycotoxins as environmental pollutants: epigenetic modifications in animals and implications for ecosystem health","authors":"Hira Sayed, Saber Y. Adam, Syeda Amna Batool, Thobela Louis Tyasi, In Ho Kim, Abdelkareem A. Ahmed, Hao-Yu Liu, Demin Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mycotoxins are widespread environmental contaminants whose global prevalence and ecological impacts are intensifying due to climate change. However, their sublethal effects on wildlife populations and ecosystem stability remain significantly underexplored. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that mycotoxins induce epigenetic toxicity, but the implications of these molecular findings for populations and ecosystems are not yet fully understood. This review synthesizes current knowledge regarding mycotoxin-induced epigenetic modifications and evaluates their effects across multiple levels of biological organization. Mycotoxins can induce intergenerational effects in model organisms, but true transgenerational inheritance remains less established in mammals. These heritable epigenetic modifications could propagate from individuals to populations, potentially affecting food webs, biodiversity, and ecosystem services, although these outcomes remain largely hypothetical. To address these knowledge gaps, we propose an epigenetics-informed risk assessment framework that incorporates early-warning epigenetic biomarkers, accounts for both intergenerational and transgenerational effects, integrates multi-stressor interactions, and evaluates ecosystem-level responses under climate change scenarios. Implementing this framework will depend on field-deployable detection methods, enzyme-based bioremediation strategies, and climate-adaptive management under a One Health approach. This review highlights the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration to address mycotoxin-induced epigenetic damage, which poses a potential threat to ecosystem integrity. However, the ecological consequences of these effects remain hypothetical and require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 105176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urinary cadmium exposure and biomarkers of inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and kidney injury in apparently healthy adults from the Central Region of Mexico 墨西哥中部地区健康成人尿镉暴露与炎症、脂质过氧化和肾损伤的生物标志物

IF 4.6 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.105182

N. Pérez-Maldonado Iván, De la Trinidad-Chacón Carlos G, Rangel-Ramírez Velia V, C. Ochoa-Martínez Angeles, Varela-Silva José Antonio

{"title":"Urinary cadmium exposure and biomarkers of inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and kidney injury in apparently healthy adults from the Central Region of Mexico","authors":"N. Pérez-Maldonado Iván, De la Trinidad-Chacón Carlos G, Rangel-Ramírez Velia V, C. Ochoa-Martínez Angeles, Varela-Silva José Antonio","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human exposure to cadmium remains a major global public health concern because of its potential to induce multiple adverse health effects. This study investigated the associations between cadmium exposure and effect biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal injury in a population from the Central Region of Mexico. The mean urinary cadmium concentration was 0.55 ± 1.15 µg/g creatinine. Higher urinary cadmium concentrations were significantly associated with increased levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and kidney injury. These findings indicate that cadmium exposure is associated with biological alterations linked to an elevated risk of renal impairment, cardiovascular events, and metabolic syndrome, potentially mediated by oxidative stress and a sustained pro-inflammatory state. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of implementing public health strategies to reduce cadmium exposure and mitigate its potential contribution to the development of non-communicable diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 105182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of acute functional effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes using multielectrode arrays 使用多电极阵列评估全氟辛酸（PFOA）、七氟丁酸（HFBA）和六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸（HFPO-DA）对人ipsc衍生心肌细胞的急性功能影响

IF 4.6 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.105184

Min Woo Kim, Myeonghee Lee, Jeong Hwan Park, Seul-Gi Lee, Jeong-Seop Oh, Shinhye Park, Youngin Jeong, Yoonseo Kim, Hyewon Shin, C-Yoon Kim, Hyung Min Chung

{"title":"Assessment of acute functional effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes using multielectrode arrays","authors":"Min Woo Kim, Myeonghee Lee, Jeong Hwan Park, Seul-Gi Lee, Jeong-Seop Oh, Shinhye Park, Youngin Jeong, Yoonseo Kim, Hyewon Shin, C-Yoon Kim, Hyung Min Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent environmental pollutants associated with public health risks. The cardiac electrophysiological effects of the representative long-chain PFAS perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and short-chain PFASs such as heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) remain insufficiently understood. In this study, the electrophysiological effects of PFASs were evaluated in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) using multielectrode array (MEA) analysis. Exposure to 100 μM PFOA increased beat period and field potential duration, while reducing spike amplitude in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting contractility. In contrast, HFBA and HFPO-DA did not cause notable changes in either electrophysiological or contractility parameters. These results suggest that acute PFOA exposure disrupts cardiac electrophysiological function, whereas HFBA and HFPO-DA showed no notable effects within the tested conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 105184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical and toxicological assessment of particulate matter in a charcoal barbecue restaurant 木炭烧烤餐厅中颗粒物质的化学和毒理学评估。

IF 4.6 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.105173

D. Figueiredo, E.D. Vicente, M. Evtyugina, L. Romanato, M.C. Pietrogrande, H. Oliveira, C. Alves

{"title":"Chemical and toxicological assessment of particulate matter in a charcoal barbecue restaurant","authors":"D. Figueiredo, E.D. Vicente, M. Evtyugina, L. Romanato, M.C. Pietrogrande, H. Oliveira, C. Alves","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Charcoal grilling in restaurants can release toxic substances, potentially exposing customers and workers to harmful pollutants. This study evaluated the chemical composition and toxicological effects of PM<sub>10</sub> in a charcoal barbecue restaurant in Portugal. Samples were simultaneously collected indoors and outdoors over six working days and during the restaurant's closure period. PM<sub>10</sub> analysis included water-soluble inorganic ions, organic and elemental carbon, and organic compounds. OPAA and OPDTT were measured, and human alveolar adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were used to assess toxicity. PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations indoors consistently exceeded outdoor levels on working days, with carbonaceous matter accounting for up to half of the PM<sub>10</sub> mass. Potassium, sulphate, nitrate, and chloride were the main inorganic ions, while saccharides and cholesterol were abundant organic compounds. Indoor samples showed higher OPDTT, reduced cell viability, and increased intracellular ROS. Positive correlations were found between ROS levels and indoor phenolic compounds and carboxylic acids, and outdoor steroid alcohols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 105173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149027220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Particulate matter selectively promotes macropinocytosis and malignant transformation-associated phenotypes in p53-impaired epithelial cells 颗粒物质选择性地促进p53受损上皮细胞的巨噬细胞增多和恶性转化相关表型。

IF 4.6 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.105177

Tamara Lang, Anna-Maria Lipp, David Demmel, Johannes Pröll, Christian Wechselberger

{"title":"Particulate matter selectively promotes macropinocytosis and malignant transformation-associated phenotypes in p53-impaired epithelial cells","authors":"Tamara Lang, Anna-Maria Lipp, David Demmel, Johannes Pröll, Christian Wechselberger","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fine particulate matter (PM2.5; aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm) is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular disease and is classified, together with outdoor air pollution, as carcinogenic to humans. However, mechanisms underlying its tumor-promoting effects remain incompletely defined. We examined acute and repeated exposure to a European certified reference PM2.5 material in murine mammary epithelial and hamster respiratory cell models with intact or impaired p53 signaling. Stress and survival pathways, transcriptional responses, macropinocytosis, growth under nutrient limitation, cell-cycle effects, and anchorage-independent growth were assessed. PM2.5 activated oxidative-stress and cellular stress-response pathways across models. In contrast, p53-impaired cells exhibited distinct adaptive phenotypes, including enhanced macropinocytosis and increased growth under nutrient-limited conditions. Repeated PM2.5 exposure also increased anchorage-independent growth in a transformed mammary epithelial cell line. These findings indicate that chronic PM2.5 exposure may preferentially promote malignant phenotypes in cells with pre-existing defects in p53-dependent checkpoint control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 105177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epigenetic reprogramming in cadmium-associated liver injury: Evidence, mechanistic insights, and therapeutic perspectives 镉相关肝损伤的表观遗传重编程：证据、机制见解和治疗观点。

IF 4.6 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.105178

Xing Zhang, Na Liu, Jie Zhou

{"title":"Epigenetic reprogramming in cadmium-associated liver injury: Evidence, mechanistic insights, and therapeutic perspectives","authors":"Xing Zhang, Na Liu, Jie Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with adverse liver outcomes, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), inflammation, and fibrosis, yet the mechanisms underlying persistent hepatic injury remain incompletely resolved. This review critically examines population-based and experimental evidence for Cd-associated epigenetic alterations, focusing on DNA methylation, histone modifications, N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) RNA modification, and non-coding RNA regulation, and evaluates the extent to which these changes represent epigenetic dysregulation or remodeling versus relatively durable and functionally consequential reprogramming. Evidence is interpreted according to study design and level of functional validation. Current findings support context-dependent, model-specific roles for selected epigenetic regulators, with functional convergence on metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell-death pathways, and fibrogenic activation, rather than a unified causal epigenetic program in humans. We further discuss cross-layer interactions, cell-type heterogeneity, emerging preclinical intervention strategies, and translational barriers, highlighting the need for longitudinal human studies, cell-resolved multi-omics, and target-specific functional validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 105178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0