Environmental toxicology and pharmacology最新文献

Novel miniaturized exposure to evaluate the toxicity of Enniatin B1 on Daphnia magna 新型微型暴露评价叶青素B1对大水蚤的毒性

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104748

Beatrice De Felice, Simona Mondellini, Mirko Bertazzo, Marco Parolini, Francesca Caloni

{"title":"Novel miniaturized exposure to evaluate the toxicity of Enniatin B1 on Daphnia magna","authors":"Beatrice De Felice, Simona Mondellini, Mirko Bertazzo, Marco Parolini, Francesca Caloni","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enniatins (ENNs) are a heterogenous group of mycotoxins that are commonly detected in several commodity items, food and feedstock. Although this class of compounds shows several toxicological properties, studies so far mainly investigated the effects of ENN B, neglecting other prevalent molecules such as ENN B1, one of the most detected mycotoxins in food. Despite ENNs have been detected in freshwater, regulatory efforts have only focused on limiting the levels of these molecules in food, while limited investigations assessed their toxicity towards organisms. This study aims at expanding the knowledge on the effects of ENN B1 through a miniaturized <em>in vivo</em> approach using the freshwater cladoceran <em>Daphnia magna</em> as model organism. A 7-day exposure was performed under miniaturized conditions to assess the effects of two concentrations of ENN B1 (i.e., 0.25 and 1.5 µM). After the exposure, effects on survival, activity of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, body size, reproductive outcomes (i.e., presence of eggs in the brood chamber) and swimming activity were investigated. Whilst EEN B1 did not affect survival and enzyme activities, significant changes in body length and egg appearance were observed. These findings highlight the potential toxicity of ENN B1 on a freshwater species suggesting the need of further studies to assess its risk for aquatic organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental co-exposure to lead and cadmium induces species-specific genotoxic stress responses in free-ranging rodent zoomonitors 环境共同暴露于铅和镉诱导物种特异性基因毒性应激反应在自由放养啮齿动物监测员。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104747

Tsenka Chassovnikarova , Vesela Mitkovska , Hristo Dimitrov

{"title":"Environmental co-exposure to lead and cadmium induces species-specific genotoxic stress responses in free-ranging rodent zoomonitors","authors":"Tsenka Chassovnikarova , Vesela Mitkovska , Hristo Dimitrov","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ecotoxicological multi-species and bioassay approach is used to compare the effects of chronic lead and cadmium co-exposure on genomic stability in free-ranging rodent zoomonitors. Heavy metal accumulation, a biomarker of exposure, and DNA damage, a biomarker of genotoxic effects, were analyzed using the comet assay (for early effects) and the micronucleus test (for irreversible effects). Significant site- and species-specific differences in lead and cadmium liver levels were observed. All rodents exhibited a positive, dose-dependent genotoxic response. Toxicant-induced DNA damage significantly correlated with elevated lead but not cadmium loadings. Among the rodents studied, <em>Apodemus flavicollis</em> exhibited the strongest sensitivity to lead- and cadmium-induced genotoxicity <em>in situ</em>, followed by <em>Microtus arvalis</em> and <em>Mus macedonicus</em>. Therefore, <em>A. flavicollis</em> is likely the most appropriate zoomonitor when assessing DNA integrity during genotoxicity monitoring. The presence of micronuclei and DNA damage in free-ranging rodents can serve as reliable and accurate indicators in genotoxicity risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological and functional response of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to the Enalapril metabolite, Enalaprilat 对依那普利代谢物依那普利的形态学和功能反应。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104746

Alessia Caferro , Maria Assunta Iovine , Federica Impellitteri , Caterina Faggio , Daniela Amelio , Alfonsina Gattuso , Olga Mileti , Noemi Baldino , Emilio Sperone , Maria Carmela Cerra , Sandra Imbrogno , Mariacristina Filice

{"title":"Morphological and functional response of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to the Enalapril metabolite, Enalaprilat","authors":"Alessia Caferro , Maria Assunta Iovine , Federica Impellitteri , Caterina Faggio , Daniela Amelio , Alfonsina Gattuso , Olga Mileti , Noemi Baldino , Emilio Sperone , Maria Carmela Cerra , Sandra Imbrogno , Mariacristina Filice","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing presence of antihypertensives and their metabolites in the aquatic environment is giving rise to considerable concern, due to their potential effects on non-target organisms. We here assessed whether and to what extent the exposure to Enalaprilat, the main metabolite of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor Enalapril, induces morpho-functional alterations in the mussel <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em>. The effects of 10-days exposure to 7 ng/L (ET1) and 7000 ng/L (ET2) of Enalaprilat were analyzed in the digestive gland (DG) in terms of cell viability, and cell volume regulation, and in both DG and gills in terms of tissue morphology, oxidative stress and stress protein expression. Results indicated that Enalaprilat did not compromise the viability of DG cells and haemocytes, as well as the capacity of DG cells to regulate cell volume. Morphological analysis revealed an increase in eosinophilia, indicative of an inflammatory response activation, in the connective tissue of DG from ET1 group, and a loss of epithelial integrity in gills. No changes were observed in both DG and gill extracts in the relative transcript abundance of <em>hsp70,</em> neither in the relative protein expression, while a tissue-specific modulation of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD was observed in gills and DG. Overall, our data suggest that environmental exposure to Enalaprilat, by activating inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, may potentially affect animal homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic effects of imidacloprid on the Perionyx excavatus: Biomarker responses and gene expression profiles 吡虫啉对孔雀石的协同作用：生物标志物反应和基因表达谱。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104745

Duraisamy Elango , Velu Subash , Velu Manikandan , Venugopal Dhananjayan , Nagarajan Kayalvizhi , Palaniyappan Jayanthi

{"title":"Synergistic effects of imidacloprid on the Perionyx excavatus: Biomarker responses and gene expression profiles","authors":"Duraisamy Elango , Velu Subash , Velu Manikandan , Venugopal Dhananjayan , Nagarajan Kayalvizhi , Palaniyappan Jayanthi","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, negatively impacts soil biota and harms the environment with long-term use. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of imidacloprid on <em>Perionyx excavatus</em>, an indigenous earthworm species found in India. To evaluate the toxic effects of imidacloprid on earthworms, avoidance behavior, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, oxidative damage, and functional gene expression patterns were measured. The LC<sub>50</sub> value of imidacloprid with 14-day exposure was 1.64 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> and the AC<sub>50</sub> value for net avoidance response was 0. 23 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> of imidacloprid at 48 h. Antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes were altered, which led to oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage in earthworms. Hence, it was confirmed that imidacloprid may cause harmful effects on the biophysical homeostasis of <em>P. excavatus</em>, primarily through oxidative damage and altered gene expression. This present research emphasizes the possible threat of imidacloprid to native earthworms in subtropical ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pesticide residues in beeswax from Western Spain: Toxicological risk for bee health and beekeeping productivity 西班牙西部蜂蜡中的农药残留：对蜜蜂健康和养蜂生产力的毒理学风险

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104744

María Benito-Murcia , Eduardo García-Vicente , María Martín , Ana Pérez , David Risco , Juan Manuel Alonso Rodríguez , Francisco Soler , Marcos Pérez-López , María Prado Míguez-Santiyán , Salomé Martinez-Morcillo

{"title":"Pesticide residues in beeswax from Western Spain: Toxicological risk for bee health and beekeeping productivity","authors":"María Benito-Murcia , Eduardo García-Vicente , María Martín , Ana Pérez , David Risco , Juan Manuel Alonso Rodríguez , Francisco Soler , Marcos Pérez-López , María Prado Míguez-Santiyán , Salomé Martinez-Morcillo","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pesticide residues in beeswax pose a risk to bee health and hive productivity. This study analyzed 25 beeswax samples from apiaries across five regions in Extremadura, a key beekeeping area in Spain. Foundation wax samples were also sourced from three common suppliers to evaluate contamination at the origin. A multi-residue of 560 substances was performed using QuEChERS extraction, LC-MS, and GC-MS methods. The results revealed 18 insecticides, 7 fungicides, and 4 herbicides, including banned substances such as endrin (up to 218.57 µg/kg) and chlorfenvinphos (15–16 µg/kg). Acrinathrin (5.27–122 µg/kg) and tau-fluvalinate (6.5–138.79 µg/kg) were the most frequent residues. Foundation wax accumulated 16 pesticide residues, highlighting its potential as a source of contamination. Banned pesticides have also been detected. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring pesticide residues in commercial foundation waxes and assessing the impact of pesticide exposure from wax on beekeeping and human safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pesticide contamination and antimicrobial resistance: Two threats to the Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis) in the Peñas Blancas River Basin, Costa Rica 农药污染和抗菌素耐药性：哥斯达黎加Peñas布兰卡斯河流域新热带水獭（Lontra longicaudis）的两大威胁

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104743

Aurora Guizado-Batista , Seiling Vargas-Villalobos , Manuel Spínola Parallada , Denis Salas-Gonzalez , Andrea Porres-Camacho , Manuel Cortez-Martínez , Francisco Quesada-Alvarado , Rodolfo Umaña-Castro , Carolina Sancho-Blanco , Frank Solano-Campos , Alexander Madrigal-Mora , Jenny Villalobos-Sequeira , Josmari Medrano-Lozano , Kinndle Blanco-Peña

{"title":"Pesticide contamination and antimicrobial resistance: Two threats to the Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis) in the Peñas Blancas River Basin, Costa Rica","authors":"Aurora Guizado-Batista , Seiling Vargas-Villalobos , Manuel Spínola Parallada , Denis Salas-Gonzalez , Andrea Porres-Camacho , Manuel Cortez-Martínez , Francisco Quesada-Alvarado , Rodolfo Umaña-Castro , Carolina Sancho-Blanco , Frank Solano-Campos , Alexander Madrigal-Mora , Jenny Villalobos-Sequeira , Josmari Medrano-Lozano , Kinndle Blanco-Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of synthetic pesticides on antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in bacterial communities from contaminated waters are unclear. Otters in the Peñas Blancas basin encounter various anthropogenic residues, including pesticides. In 2022, we analyzed the presence of pesticides in six water samples and ARGs in eight otter fecal samples. Thirteen pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and multi-target) and seven ARGs (<em>qnrS</em>, <em>tetA</em>, <em>tetB</em>, <em>tetQ</em>, <em>tetW</em>, <em>sulI</em>, <em>sulII</em>) were detected. Regulated pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and ethoprophos, along with diazinon, diuron, imidacloprid, and terbutryn were found. These pesticides have been implicated in promoting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria, particularly when combined with sub-lethal doses of antibiotics. Elevated levels of ethoprophos (0.67 ng/L) and a fecal sample containing four ARGs (<em>tetA</em>, <em>tetB</em>, <em>sulI</em>, and <em>sulII</em>) came from the upper basin. Our findings reveal pesticide application practices in the region, and highlight the potential risk of pesticide exposure to wildlife, including development of AMR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Permethrin exposure increases the adipogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells by negatively regulating autophagy and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway 氯菊酯暴露通过负向调节自噬和Wnt/β-catenin通路增加间充质干细胞的成脂承诺

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104742

Julee Verma , Neeraj Kumar Satija

{"title":"Permethrin exposure increases the adipogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells by negatively regulating autophagy and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway","authors":"Julee Verma , Neeraj Kumar Satija","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permethrin (PER) is a synthetic pyrethroid used in agricultural settings and public health. Previously, PER exposure has been linked with increased adipogenesis. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also associated with the regulation of adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study evaluated the effect of acute PER exposure (24 hr) on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its impact on adipogenic commitment of MSC. It also assessed the cross-talk of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and autophagy in PER-mediated adipogenesis. Immunoblotting results showed PER inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Nile red staining showed decreased adipogenesis upon PER pre-treatment in combination with lithium chloride compared to PER alone. Further, immunoblotting revealed lithium chloride-mediated activation of autophagy in MSCs. Nile red staining showed inhibition of adipogenic differentiation upon activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and autophagy. Overall, the data showed that cross-talk of autophagy and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway negatively regulates adipogenic commitment of MSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reproductive toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances 全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的生殖毒性。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104740

Robinson Ajana , Dominik Rachoń , Grażyna Gałęzowska

{"title":"Reproductive toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances","authors":"Robinson Ajana , Dominik Rachoń , Grażyna Gałęzowska","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic fluorinated compounds known for their persistence in the environment and widespread presence in consumer products. Human exposure occurs through multiple routes, leading to bioaccumulation in various tissues and significant health concerns, particularly reproductive toxicity.</div><div>This review critically examines the reproductive effects of both long- and short-chain PFAS and explores the mechanisms underlying their toxicity. PFAS have been shown to downregulate key genes involved in steroidogenesis, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP11A1, CYP17A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Additionally, PFAS exert direct toxic effects on developing spermatogonia and oocytes, impairing reproductive function. While most research has focused on long-chain PFAS, this review highlights that short-chain PFAS pose comparable risks, necessitating further investigation.</div><div>The ability to biodegrade PFAS has been demonstrated, offering a potential approach to mitigate tissue accumulation and reduce associated health risks.</div><div>However, gaps remain in our understanding of PFAS mechanisms, with conflicting evidence across different compounds and study models. Standardized methodologies and long-term human studies are essential to fully elucidate the chronic effects of PFAS exposure and develop effective mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Alarming Consequences of Workforce Reductions at the FDA, EPA, NIH and CDC in the United States 美国FDA、EPA、NIH和CDC裁员的惊人后果。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104711

Martin van den Berg PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Regulatory Toxicology & Pharmacology and Current Opinion in Toxicology) , Daniel R. Dietrich PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Chemico-Biological Interactions, Computational Toxicology, and Journal of Toxicology and Regulatory Policy) , Sonja von Aulock PhD (Editor-in-Chief, ALTEX – Alternatives to Animal Experimentation) , Anna Bal-Price PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Reproductive Toxicology) , Michael D. Coleman PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology) , Mark T.D. Cronin PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Computational Toxicology) , Paul Jennings PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Toxicology in Vitro) , Angela Mally PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Toxicology Letters) , Mathieu Vinken PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Toxicology and NAM Journal) , Matthew C. Wright PhD (Editor-in-Chief, Food and Chemical Toxicology)

引用次数: 0

Sustainable beekeeping: The impact of organic molecules on honey bee health and apiculture 可持续养蜂：有机分子对蜜蜂健康和养蜂的影响。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104739

Matías D. Maggi , Giulia A. Mitton

引用次数: 0