Environmental toxicology and pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Insights into the chronic toxicity and mechanisms of fluorine-containing pesticides on earthworms","authors":"Didi Shan ,&nbsp;Jianhua Liao ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jia Yu ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Deyang Kong ,&nbsp;Feng Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorine-containing pesticides are widely applied in agriculture, yet their chronic ecotoxic effects on soil organisms remain understudied. This study evaluated the toxicity of three pesticides on <em>Eisenia fetida</em> through a 56-day soil exposure at gradient concentrations (fluxapyroxad:C1:62.5,C2:250, C3:1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil; fluopyram: C4:15.6, C5:62.5, C6:250 mg a.i./kg dry soil; bixafen: C7:125, C8:500, C9:1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil). Biomarkers of oxidative stress (ROS, MDA),antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GST), DNA damage (8-OHdG), mitochondrial function (SDH), and histopathology were assessed periodically. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in growth and reproduction between the low concentration groups and the control group(<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), while higher doses lead to weight loss (up to 40 % inhibition) and reduced offspring, likely due to energy depletion and reproductive organ damage. ROS and MDA increased dose- and time-dependently, with antioxidant enzymes showing initial activation followed by suppression, indicating antioxidant system failure. DNA damage (8-OHdG) escalated with concentration, linked to ROS overproduction. SDH activity declined significantly at high doses, reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction. Histopathology revealed epidermal shedding, intestinal damage, and seminal vesicle disorganization under high-exposure conditions. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis confirmed dose-time-dependent toxicity, with maximal ecological risk in high-concentration groups. These findings highlight the mechanisms of fluorine-containing pesticide toxicity in earthworms, emphasizing their potential to disrupt soil ecosystems. This study provides critical data for ecological risk assessments of agrochemicals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro testing of hazardous mineral fibres: The issue of the concentration metric","authors":"Alessandro F. Gualtieri ,&nbsp;Serena Mirata ,&nbsp;Mario Passalacqua ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Bassi ,&nbsp;Sonia Scarfì","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This communication addresses the matter of the appropriate concentration metrics for the <em>in vitro</em> testing of mineral fibres, a specific technical issue affecting the correct determination of their toxic/carcinogenic potential. The exposure to certain mineral fibres (e.g., asbestos and erionite) is well-known for its detrimental effects on human health, with caution exposure limits set to 0.01 ff/cm³ by the European Council in 2023. In this regard, <em>in vitro</em> tests have a crucial role in the preliminary determination of the hazardous potential of mineral fibres, although selecting the appropriate concentration metrics and doses is currently controversial. Here, we address the complex technical issues of the current normalisation methods (i.e., mass normalization and fibre number normalization) with their advantages and disadvantages, ultimately concluding that mass normalisation should be recommended. In fact, considering two fibrous species with the same chemical composition, mass normalisation guarantees that the concentration of atomic species and ROS-inducing metals remains equal, while this parameter becomes an additional variable with fibre number normalisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104813"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory limits of aluminium content of vaccines have not been set based on toxicological studies","authors":"Loïc Angrand ,&nbsp;Romain K. Gherardi ,&nbsp;Guillemette Crépeaux","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminium-Based Adjuvants (ABAs) have been used in vaccines since the 1920s to boost immune responses. Despite their widespread use, their mechanisms of action remain only partially understood, and growing concerns exist about their long-term safety, particularly in vulnerable populations. This study examines the regulatory history of the aluminium content limit in vaccines and identifies major gaps in toxicological and epidemiological evaluation.</div><div>Through a detailed review of regulatory records, historical archives, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests and responses, and scientific literature, we found that the current aluminium threshold of 0.85 mg per dose was set in the mid-20th century based on immunological efficacy - not on toxicological data- and remains in place despite changes in vaccination schedules and cumulative exposure. The key documents supporting this limit, which date back to 1947 and 1952, do not evaluate the potential toxicity of ABAs and are, in any case, no longer relevant to the current vaccination schedule.</div><div>There is an urgent need for independent pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies, transparent access to proprietary adjuvant compound, and a comeback to safer alternatives such as biocompatible calcium phosphate. Updating these standards is crucial for strengthening public confidence in vaccination policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104812"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiotensin II type 2 receptor activation alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress caused by chronic exposure to air pollution","authors":"Jorge A. Narvaez Pardo ,&nbsp;Agustina Freire ,&nbsp;Marina C. Muñoz ,&nbsp;Bruno Buchholz ,&nbsp;Analía L. Tomat ,&nbsp;Mariela M. Gironacci ,&nbsp;Ulrike M. Steckelings ,&nbsp;Natalia D. Magnani ,&nbsp;Pablo A. Evelson ,&nbsp;Fernando P. Dominici","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of chronic exposure to urban air (UA) on renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components and the therapeutic potential of the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT₂R) agonist, Compound 21 (C21), in mitigating pollution-induced inflammation and oxidative stress was evaluated in a mouse model exposed to UA for 14 weeks. Air pollution exposure increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage markers in the lungs and kidneys and upregulated angiotensin converting enzyme; ACE, and angiotensin type 1 receptor; AT₁R in the lungs; while it induced a compensatory increase in Mas receptor; MasR and AT₂R in the heart and kidneys. C21 treatment reduced IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the lungs and 3-nitrotyrosine levels in the lungs and kidneys, downregulated both ACE and AT₁R expression in the lungs and increased renal MasR expression. Current results underscore the relevance of RAS dysregulation in pollution-induced tissue damage and positions AT₂R agonism as a possibility for mitigating the health impacts of air pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Captopril reduces liver cytotoxicity in a murine model of Plasmodium chabaudi infection","authors":"Priscilla Dantas de Souza Ventura ,&nbsp;Daniel Vitor de Souza ,&nbsp;Anna Caroline C. Aguiar ,&nbsp;Carolina P.F. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Marcia R. Nagaoka ,&nbsp;Marcos L. Gazarini","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus Plasmodium is responsible for malaria infection and promoting an accumulation of hemozoin followed by the generation of oxidizing species in the liver that is involved in hepatic damage. In this context, we performed the histopathological analysis in the mice liver infected with <em>Plasmodium chabaudi</em> treated orally with the antimalarial chloroquine, captopril (ACE I inhibitor), losartan (AT1 receptor blocker). In hematoxylin and eosin-stained liver sections, histopathological changes, such as sinusoid congestion, leukocyte infiltration, hemozoin deposition, portal tract inflammation, and metanuclear analysis were evaluated. The histopathological analysis shows a beneficial effect of chloroquine treatment alone or in combination with vasodilator treatments, reducing the score for each tissue change. Our data show that <em>Plasmodium chabaudi</em> infection compromises some hepatic histopathological parameters, and interestingly the treatment with vasodilators improved some of these alterations. Particularly, captopril reduces cytotoxicity induced by malaria infection in mouse liver cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide gene expression changes in breast cancer cells following very low-dose exposure to pesticides (glyphosate and atrazine) at drinking water levels","authors":"Carolina Panis ,&nbsp;Altair Rodrigues Pires de Paula Filho ,&nbsp;Stephen Flint Smith ,&nbsp;José Oviedo ,&nbsp;Marla Karine Amarante ,&nbsp;Virginia Concato ,&nbsp;Wander Rogério Pavanelli ,&nbsp;Marcelo Estevam ,&nbsp;Renata Santos Rabelo ,&nbsp;Ohanna Maria Menezes Madeiro da Costa ,&nbsp;Maiara Ferreira Terra ,&nbsp;Bernardo Lemos","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glyphosate and atrazine, two widely used herbicides, may induce subtle molecular changes even at low levels encountered in the drinking water of some populations. This study assessed structural and RNA expression changes in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines after 72-h exposures to glyphosate (50 or 500 ppb) and atrazine (2 or 20 ppb). These doses are commonly found in drinking water and falls below or within the maximum residue levels recommended or allowed in the drinking water of populations in Brazil and the USA. Genome wide RNA sequencing detected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at lower doses as well as highlighted dose-dependent responses at higher concentrations. For instance, MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 20 ppb atrazine exhibited 60 DEGs, while 500 ppb glyphosate exposure resulted in 39 DEGs, with notable overlap in gene expression profiles across pesticides and doses. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested alterations linked to DNA repair and replication, sterol metabolism, and cellular response to starvation, with specific pathways varying by pesticide and cell line. Significant changes were observed in DNA homologous repair genes for both pesticides and cell lines. Finally, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested dose- and pesticide-specific structural changes linked to lipid metabolism and nucleic acid modifications. Our findings indicate that low-level glyphosate and atrazine exposures induce subtle structural and transcriptomic changes without overt cytotoxicity. These results underscore the potential implications for chronic environmental herbicide exposures that may affect breast cancer cell development and progression. Our study highlight the need for monitoring exposure in certain populations and for further investigations into the long-term consequences of pesticide exposure for human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of PFCAs on spheroid thyroid cells in primary culture: Effects on thyroid function-related genes, tumorigenesis and oxidative stress","authors":"Francesca Coperchini ,&nbsp;Alessia Greco ,&nbsp;Elena Franchi ,&nbsp;Matteo Limiroli ,&nbsp;Laura Croce ,&nbsp;Marsida Teliti ,&nbsp;Benedetto Calì ,&nbsp;Tshering Dorji ,&nbsp;Marco Denegri ,&nbsp;Flavia Magri ,&nbsp;Mario Rotondi","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) are a subgroup of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This study evaluated the effects of C6O4, PFOA and PFHxA on a 3D spheroid model of human thyroid cells in terms of changes in genes related to thyroid hormone functions and oxidative stress markers. Spheroids derived from normal thyroid cells (S-NHT) were exposed to PFCAs (10 ng/ml) to evaluate changes in mRNA of genes related to hormone synthesis and action, antioxidant enzymes and embryogenesis/carcinogenesis. Total ROS production was measured by using a H₂DCFDA assay. Our results demonstrated that all three compounds modulated the level of the mRNA of genes associated with the synthesis and action of thyroid hormones, and they also altered thyroid homeostasis. In particular, PFHxA showed the most powerful thyroid disrupting effect. Moreover, increased mRNA expression of <em>PAX8</em> and elevated ROS levels in thyroid cells suggested a potential pro-tumorigenic effect of PFCAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104799"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of ambient airborne particles on the susceptibility to respiratory viral infections","authors":"Chloé Chivé ,&nbsp;Lydie Martín-Faivre ,&nbsp;Vincent Michoud ,&nbsp;Armelle Baeza-Squiban ,&nbsp;Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The respiratory tract is the primary entry point for inhaled particles from anthropogenic or biological origin such as respiratory viruses. Ambient particulate matter (PM) has adverse effects on the respiratory tract through mechanisms eliciting inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and other pathophysiological effects. At the same time, respiratory viruses cause a range of infections. By compromising the integrity of the respiratory barrier and by modulating the host immune response, PM may facilitate viral entry and replication, thereby enhancing the pathogenicity of respiratory viruses. While epidemiological studies suggest that PM exposure may influence susceptibility to and severity of viral infection, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This review aims to synthesise experimental studies that investigate how PM exposure may modulate virus infection and antiviral defence. These findings will be contextualised by an overview of the characteristics and effects of PM, the major respiratory viruses, and innate lung immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104797"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking-induced increasing of oxidative stress in Spanish adults: A urinary biomonitoring study.","authors":"Borja Peris-Camarasa ,&nbsp;Iván Claros Garrido ,&nbsp;Olga Pardo ,&nbsp;Francesc A. Esteve-Turrillas ,&nbsp;Pablo Dualde ,&nbsp;Clara Coscollà","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative stress (OS) arises from an imbalance between excessive oxidant radicals and insufficient antioxidant defences, leading to damage to lipids, proteins or DNA. OS levels in humans are influenced by health, nutrition, and environmental exposures. A key biomarker of endogenous oxidative DNA damage is 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). To assess baseline OS, we analysed 8-OHdG levels in first-morning urine samples from adults in the Valencia Community (Spain) using a UHPLC-MS/MS method based on a “dilute-and-shoot” sample preparation. Both 8-OHdG and the nucleoside 2’-dG were quantified in over 92 % of samples, with geometric means of 6.23 and 3.26 µg/L, respectively. Urinary 8-OHdG was directly associated with smoking status, and the levels of urinary metabolites of acrylamide. The oxidation ratio (8-OHdG/2’-dG) also showed correlations with sex and age. The results provide valuable reference data for future epidemiological and toxicological studies and highlight the oxidative stress effects of smoking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-ligand hexachlorobenzene promotes immunosuppression leading to mammary tumor growth and metastasis in a HER2-positive syngeneic mouse model","authors":"Lorena V. Zárate ,&nbsp;Jorge A. Peña Agudelo ,&nbsp;Noelia V. Miret ,&nbsp;Alejandro J. Nicola Candia ,&nbsp;Melanie Pérez Kϋper ,&nbsp;Carolina A. Pontillo ,&nbsp;Florencia A. Chiappini ,&nbsp;Marianela Candolfi ,&nbsp;Andrea S. Randi","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticide exposure has been established as a risk factor for breast cancer. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand. Mice bearing LM3 HER2(+) breast tumors were exposed to HCB (35 and 15 days). Tumor growth and lung metastases were evaluated, and key molecules were analyzed by western blot, immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR. Splenic and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were quantified by flow cytometry. Results showed that HCB (35 days) accelerates tumor growth and promotes lung metastases development. HCB upregulates AhR, CYP1A2, IDO1, COX-2 and VEGF expression. The pesticide reduces ERβ and increases GPER levels. Exposure to HCB decreases the content of CD8 + and regulatory T cells in the spleen and antigen-presenting cells in the tumor, without changes in TILs. HCB (15 days) suppresses CD4 + and CD8 + infiltration in tumors. Our findings indicate that HCB facilitates tumor progression in HER2(+) breast cancer, involving the dysregulation of ERs and pro-angiogenic factors. Likewise, AhR overexpression could be modulating the anti-tumor immune response, inducing immunosuppression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}