Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Novel rocking interconnection for superior prefabricated prefinished modular building system","authors":"Pejman Sharafi ,&nbsp;Babak Atashfaraz ,&nbsp;Kamyar Kildashti","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative framework is introduced for the construction of prefabricated, prefinished multistorey buildings, which is designed to facilitate process automation during both fabrication and assembly phases. The backbone of this framework is a novel rocking steel interconnection (RSI) that is manufactured offsite and enables quick assembly and disassembly without requiring specific access at the construction site. The construction framework aligns with the principles of design for manufacturing, assembly, and disassembly through the utilisation of a set of standardised components in a kit of parts format. The design provides flexible open spaces for automated architectural planning within a modular framework and obviate the requirement for a structural core, thereby significantly enhancing construction speed and efficiency. The paper presents the conceptual design of the backbone, the intricacies of the fabrication process, assembly and disassembly considerations, key features, and subsequently examines its performance through a case study conducted with a regular plan. Findings from the study indicate that the backbone can support buildings using self-supporting units without necessitating a structural core. This framework accelerates construction timelines, reduces material consumption, and enables reliable construction with high rigidity due to the proposed interconnection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 120934"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient and automatic mode separation based on compact-bandwidth regularization and spectral-energy metrics with application to long-time continuous monitoring of bridge structures","authors":"Jiajian Zhu ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Fang Yang ,&nbsp;Zhongrong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modal parameters are fundamental indicators of the dynamic characteristics of engineering structures. Automatic extraction of the structural modes from measured data is essential for structural health monitoring. This study presents a novel automatic mode separation method, facilitating real-time modal identification in fluctuating environmental conditions. The present method sequentially extracts natural frequencies and mode shapes from measured accelerations via utilizing a blind source separation technique known as the Compact-Bandwidth Regularization approach. To address the uncertainty in the number of active modes during continuous monitoring, criteria grounded in spectral energy and power spectral entropy are formulated, enabling the automatic mode separation and endowing the algorithm’s adaptive capabilities. Additionally, a similarity criterion is employed to differentiate between noise modes and structural modes, ensuring the validity of the identification. The accuracy and automation of the method are confirmed through numerical simulations involving a six-storey shear building model. Emphasizing practical application, the proposed method is applied to a long-span suspension bridge equipped with long-term vibration monitoring system. The one-year identification outcomes demonstrate that the proposed method can autonomously and efficiently extract active modes, fulfilling the requirements for real-time applications. Furthermore, the method’s derivational ability to detect the incipient stages of resonance is highlighted through a case study of vortex-induced vibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 120910"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening and repair of non-uniformly corroded RC columns by ECC or CFRP jacketing: Bond performance evaluation","authors":"Deming Fang ,&nbsp;Jin Huang ,&nbsp;Chuanqing Fu ,&nbsp;Zhengyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Rusheng Qian ,&nbsp;Xingjian Liu ,&nbsp;Rui He","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the bond performance of non-uniformly corroded reinforced concrete (RC) repaired with either Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) or Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) jacketing. While previous studies have explored repair methods for uniformly corroded or uncorroded members, limited research has examined the effects of non-uniform corrosion and post-repair secondary corrosion on bond behavior. To fill this gap, a novel auxiliary electrode-based accelerated corrosion method was used to induce non-uniform rebar corrosion in 78 specimens. The repair strategy involved applying ECC or CFRP jacketing after an initial corrosion stage, followed by a second-stage corrosion period to simulate continued deterioration after repair. This allows for a realistic evaluation of post-repair durability and bond performance. The influences of initial corrosion rate, ECC repair thickness (10 mm vs. 15 mm), CFRP confinement, and secondary corrosion duration were systematically evaluated through pull-out testing. The results show that ECC repair changed the failure mode from brittle splitting to ductile pull-out and improved bond strength by up to 44.04 %. CFRP jacketing achieved the highest bond strength increase of 70.35 %, although with a more brittle failure response. Notably, the bond strength in ECC-repaired specimens improved progressively with corrosion duration when using a 10 mm layer, while a 15 mm layer provided more stable performance. This study offers new insights into realistic corrosion scenarios and provides quantitative guidance for selecting and designing effective repair strategies for deteriorating reinforced concrete (RC) structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 120977"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue performance of circular hollow section gap K-joints under corrosive environments","authors":"Fei Xu ,&nbsp;Yun Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xudong Qian ,&nbsp;Qingshan Yang ,&nbsp;Jun-Zhi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an experimental study on the fatigue behaviour of circular hollow section (CHS) gap K-joints subjected to accelerated electrochemical corrosion. A total of four specimens were examined, comprising three corroded joints and one reference joint, all subjected to cyclic axial loading applied to the chord member, which induced corresponding axial loads in the braces. Prior to fatigue testing, a full-immersion accelerated electrochemical corrosion process was conducted. The surface morphologies of the corroded joints were captured using a high-resolution 3D scanner, and the corrosion characteristics were quantitatively analysed. Fatigue behaviour was assessed at three critical stages, i.e., first visible crack detection (fatigue life <em>N</em>₂), development of a through-thickness crack (fatigue life <em>N</em>₃), and end of the test (fatigue life <em>N</em>₄). Test results revealed that the corroded surfaces exhibited a mixed pattern of general and pitting corrosion, with the maximum pit depth reaching 0.32 mm at the chord crown toe. Crack initiation predominantly occurred in areas of severe corrosion near the maximum stress concentration. At lower fatigue stress amplitudes, corrosion significantly reduced fatigue life <em>N</em>₄, while at higher amplitudes, the stress amplitude became the dominant factor. The corroded joints exhibited a gradual accumulation of damage, culminating in sudden failure, which provides less warning compared with non-corroded joints. The existing <em>S</em>_r,hs-<em>N</em> curves in guidelines may overestimate the fatigue life of corroded joints when compared with the experimental database collected from this study and literature. Consequently, <em>S</em>_r,hs-<em>N</em> curves for CHS joints in corrosive environments were developed using multiple linear regression analysis, accounting for the interaction between wall thickness and corrosion fatigue life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 120927"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-scale shake table testing method for seismic assessment of nonstructural elements using a universal testbed and a standard building-specific loading protocol","authors":"Yuteng Cao ,&nbsp;Haoran Fu ,&nbsp;Zhe Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonstructural elements play a pivotal role in maintaining the functionality of buildings, making their seismic resilience a critical focus in research and engineering practices in the past few decades. A building-specific standardized assessment procedure is implemented to evaluate the seismic performance of nonstructural elements in a building, considering the specific seismic risks. Time history analyses of a tall building subjected to a series of design spectrum-compatible ground motions demonstrated the necessity of building-specific considerations in standard testing. Consequently, a standard loading protocol accounting for the dynamic characteristics of the archetype building was established. This study further extends the protocol to enable testing of two adjacent floors of the archetype building through Nonstructural Element Simulator on Shake Table (NEST). The universal testbed, NEST, was employed to replicate boundary and load conditions representative of real-world scenarios for multiple nonstructural elements. A nonlinear control algorithm that enables the NEST testbed to reproduce the proposed loading protocol accurately was developed in the numerical domain. Full-scale shake table tests validated the proposed method, demonstrating its capability to replicate the building-specific loading protocol with errors below 30 %. The experimental results showed that the contents sustained varying degrees of damage under the design-basis earthquake in the archetype tall building. Additionally, the proposed loading protocol proved effective in identifying the sensitive frequency component of the contents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 120969"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OpenPyStruct: Open-source toolkit for machine learning-driven structural optimization","authors":"Danny Smyl ,&nbsp;Bozhou Zhuang ,&nbsp;Sam Rigby ,&nbsp;Edvard Bruun ,&nbsp;Brandon Jones ,&nbsp;Patrick Kastner ,&nbsp;Iris Tien ,&nbsp;Adrien Gallet","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>OpenPyStruct</span> (Toolkit URL: <span><span>OpenPyStruct</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, Repository URL: <span><span>Data</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) is an open-source toolkit that provides finite element model based optimization frameworks for generating training data and machine learning models for global structural optimization of indeterminate continuous structures. The key machine learning feature of <span>OpenPyStruct</span> is its ability to optimize single or multiple arbitrary loading and support conditions. The framework utilizes multi-core central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU)-enhanced implementations integrating <span>OpenSeesPy</span> for structural optimization. <span>PyTorch</span> is used for accelerated computations. Accompanying machine learning scripts enable users to train high-fidelity predictive models such as transformer with diffusion modules, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), convolutional operations, and contemporary machine learning techniques to analyze and optimize structural designs. By incorporating state-of-the-art optimization tools, robust datasets, and flexible machine learning resources, <span>OpenPyStruct</span> aims to establish a scalable and fully-transparent engine for structural optimization by engaging the structural engineering community in this open-source toolkit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 120869"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-fire local buckling of recycled 6061-T6 aluminium alloy SHS stub columns","authors":"Ziyi Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Li ,&nbsp;Yuanwen Ouyang ,&nbsp;Ou Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminium alloy is gaining increasing attention in civil engineering, due to its light self-weight combined with recyclable nature and good corrosion resistance. The use of recycled aluminium alloy is regarded as a practical approach to improve sustainability in the construction sector. In this paper, the local buckling behaviour and residual compression resistances of recycled 6061-T6 aluminium alloy square hollow section (SHS) stub columns after exposure to elevated temperatures are studied based on laboratory tests and numerical simulations. An experimental programme was firstly conducted on 27 recycled 6061-T6 aluminium alloy SHS stub column specimens with three recycled content ratios (30%, 50% and 80%) after exposure to elevated temperatures ranging from 30 ℃ to 550 ℃. The key test results, including load–end shortening curves, failure loads and failure modes, were presented. The experimental programme was followed by a numerical modelling programme, where finite element models were developed to replicate the test results and then used to perform parametric studies to generate further numerical data. On the basis of the obtained test and numerical data, the relevant design rules for primary 6061-T6 aluminium alloy SHS stub columns at ambient temperature, as specified in the European code, Aluminium Design Manual, Australian/New Zealand standard and continuous strength method, were assessed, using post-fire material properties, for their applicability to recycled 6061-T6 aluminium alloy SHS stub columns after exposure to elevated temperatures. The assessment results revealed that (i) the ambient temperature slenderness limit for internal plate elements in compression, as given in the European code, was generally accurate and safe when used for cross-section classification of recycled 6061-T6 aluminium alloy SHS stub columns after exposure to elevated temperatures, (ii) all three design codes resulted in slightly conservative and scattered post-fire cross-section compression resistance predictions and (iii) the continuous strength method led to an improved level of design accuracy and consistency over the three design codes, owing to the rational consideration of material strain hardening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 120972"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic behavior and vulnerability of thin-walled stirrup-confined CFST piers: Pseudo-dynamic experimental and numerical analysis","authors":"Hao Sun ,&nbsp;Said Ikram Sadat ,&nbsp;Faxing Ding ,&nbsp;Yarong Qi ,&nbsp;Fei Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pseudo-static test is a widely used, cost-effective method for evaluating seismic resistance. However, its reliance on monotonic cyclic loading fails to replicate inertial forces. It neglects the influence of strain rates on materials, thus limiting its ability to simulate pier failure mechanisms accurately during actual earthquake events. This study conducted pseudo-dynamic tests and elastoplastic analyses using solid-shell elements on stirrup-confined concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) piers. The investigation focused on the effects of stirrup confinement on displacement response, stiffness degradation, and voiding phenomena under seismic loading. Additionally, an incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was performed, utilizing the finite element model's precision in predicting peak displacements to assess the vulnerability of stirrup-confined CFST piers. The findings demonstrate that stirrup confinement significantly reduces displacement magnitude, mitigates stiffness degradation, alleviates void formation, and substantially decreases the risk of earthquake-induced damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 120936"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire resistance of ultra-high performance concrete-filled steel tubes slender columns at different concrete ages: Experimental and theoretical investigation","authors":"Tan Wang,&nbsp;Zhonghui Wang,&nbsp;Min Yu,&nbsp;Zewen Sun,&nbsp;Lihua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire-related accidents are more frequent during the construction phase, posing serious risks to building structures, which can result in material damage, construction delays, and significant safety hazards. This paper investigates the fire-resistance performance of ultra-high performance concrete-filled steel tube (UHPCFST) slender columns at different curing ages of UHPC to simulate the occurrence of fire scenarios during construction phase. The fire-resistance tests were conducted on 10 full-scale UHPCFST slender columns subjected to the ISO-834 standard fire to investigate the effect of UHPC age and load ratio on the thermal and mechanical response of the UHPCFST columns at different early ages. The results indicate that the fire-resistance time of UHPCFST slender columns decreases as UHPC age increases, particularly in specimens with a 0.3 load ratio, where the age at 56 days was 148 % lower than at 3 days. Furthermore, based on the average temperature method, a predictive model for determining the fire-resistance bearing capacity of early-age UHPCFST slender columns was proposed and validated. This research provides valuable insights for fire safety design and structural reliability assessment of UHPCFST structures during the construction phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120973"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural fire performance of steel-concrete composite girders in web shear buckling: Advanced numerical analysis","authors":"Mehmed Numanović ,&nbsp;Markus Knobloch ,&nbsp;Ainaz Sultangirova","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the structural fire performance of steel-concrete composite plate girders prone to web shear buckling – a critical failure mode intensified by rapid and uneven heating in fire conditions. A validated numerical model developed in ABAQUS Software is used to simulate fire scenarios and assess key parameters affecting girder behavior. Through a series of parametric case studies, the influence of web geometry, load ratio, material grade, and shear connection on fire resistance is systematically explored. Results show that reducing web slenderness and panel aspect ratio significantly improves fire performance, while increasing material strength and shear connection offers limited benefits. The redistribution of shear forces during heating reveals that, prior to collapse, the concrete slab carries more than half of the total shear load due to its lower temperature and higher relative stiffness. The study also evaluates the applicability of existing analytical models for shear strength under elevated temperatures, showing improved prediction accuracy when the contribution of the concrete slab is included. This research provides new insights into the behavior of steel-concrete composite girders in fire and offers a robust numerical framework for optimizing design against fire-induced shear buckling, addressing limitations in current analytical methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120966"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}