Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Shape optimization based on isogeometric analysis for 3D concrete printing: A design method for printing-friendly structure","authors":"Qian Wan ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Huang ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Jay Sanjayan ,&nbsp;Javad Hashemi ,&nbsp;Guowei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of 3D concrete printing (3DCP), the design of printing-friendly structures remains a key challenge, limiting its broader application. Traditional design methods fail to balance structural performance and manufacturing constraints. To address this problem, we propose a novel printing-friendly structural design approach based on NURBS surfaces and Reissner-Mindlin shell elements, seamlessly integrating geometric modeling and analysis. A shape optimization strategy is incorporated to enhance material efficiency while considering 3DCP-specific manufacturing constraints. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in optimizing control points, prestressing strategies, and internal structures, leading to improved mechanical performance and buildability. This approach streamlines the design process, minimizes post-processing, and facilitates direct integration with CAD/CAM workflows, advancing automation in 3DCP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121501"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural behaviour of precast prestressed H-shaped ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) pile with steel spliced joint","authors":"Erfan Zandi Lak ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Valikhah ,&nbsp;Sreekanta Das ,&nbsp;Philip Loh","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Issues related to pile driving, prestressing of concrete piles, and exposure to environmental conditions in steel and concrete piles negatively affect the service life of bridges. This has prompted interest in finding alternative materials for pile foundations to achieve a minimum 75-year service life with minimal maintenance. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a promising candidate due to its exceptional strength and durability properties, offering potential improvements in drivability, and structural and geotechnical performances of the piles. In this study, a precast prestressed UHPC pile with a new geometry was investigated and its bending and shear strengths were evaluated through experimental tests. Additionally, the moment-curvature relationship of this pile under different values of axial compression forces is determined using the fiber technique method. Additionally, this study focused on the splice joints designed for the UHPC pile described above. This study also employed the finite element method (FEM) to evaluate the behavior of piles under direct tensile forces and to assess the performance of piles with different sizes of splices. Findings revealed that the piles in this study provided higher capacity compared to previously tested UHPC piles. Piles exhibited superior performance in terms of crack width control. The maximum shear load and bending moment of all specimens exceeded the values recommended by design guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121491"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of HCFDST with corrugated steel tubes under lateral impact","authors":"Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Yang ,&nbsp;Yanchen Song ,&nbsp;Thong M. Pham ,&nbsp;Kaiming Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to the traditional hollow concrete-filled double-steel tube (HCFDST) with flat steel tubes (FSTs), HCFDST with corrugated steel tubes (CSTs) exhibits enhanced mechanical interlocking with core concrete, which could effectively prevent the formation of local debonding and buckling, thus improving its performance. Previous studies on HCFDST with CSTs mainly focused on its static performance, its dynamic responses under lateral impact are rarely investigated. In this study, a comprehensive numerical investigation is conducted to investigate the lateral impact behaviors of HCFDST with an outer CST by using LS-DYNA. The numerical model is first against experimental results, the influences of the key parameters related to the structural geometry and loading are then systematically investigated. Parametric analyses reveal that moderately increasing either hollow ratio or axial load ratio can enhance the impact resistance of HCFDST with an outer CST. Moreover, under a constant wave height-to-pitch ratio, increasing the wave pitch proves to be an effective approach for improving the impact resistance. Finally, simplified models are developed to predict the plateau force and maximum displacement, which shows excellent agreement with numerical data, thus providing practical tools for impact-resistant design of CST-based composite members.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behaviour of round-ended recycled aggregate concrete-filled stainless steel tubular stub column under axial compression","authors":"Zhibin Wang ,&nbsp;Jingdong Tong ,&nbsp;Fucheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Qu ,&nbsp;Huailin Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycled aggregate concrete-filled stainless steel tubular (RACFSST) columns combine aesthetic superiority with enhanced corrosion resistance, offering a sustainable alternative for coastal bridge piers. Axial compression tests were conducted on 14 specimens, evaluating stainless steel grades (Austenitic 304 vs. Duplex 2205) and aspect ratios (<em>B/D</em> = 1.44–1.92). Results revealed that round-ended RACFSST columns demonstrated a 129.6 %-higher axial compressive resistance compared to stainless steel tubular (SST) counterparts. A finite element model was implemented to study parametric effects and mechanisms of this column. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the round-ended RACFSST column exhibits higher load-carrying capacity, ductility, and confining stress than the column made with a carbon steel tube. Parametric analysis indicated that axial compressive resistances increase with higher concrete strength, SST yield strength, and steel ratio, but decrease with larger aspect ratio. Existing design methods underestimated the load-carrying capacity of round-ended RACFSST stub columns. New predictive methods were developed for axial compressive resistance, axial compressive stiffness, and peak strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121484"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punching shear behaviour of full-scale slab-column connections cast from concrete with coarse recycled aggregate","authors":"Tadeáš Fecko ,&nbsp;Ľudmila Kormošová ,&nbsp;António Pinho Ramos ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Halvonik","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling demolition waste, such as concrete and bricks, offers significant environmental and economic benefits within the framework of sustainable development. Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), produced from processed waste concrete, was traditionally used as a base or backfill material. However, extensive research over the past two decades has expanded its potential applications, including its use in structural concrete. A particularly promising use is in structural concrete for flat slab systems incorporating coarse recycled concrete aggregate (CRCA). This article presents the findings of an experimental program that investigated the punching shear behaviour of full-scale slab-column connections, with a thickness of 250 mm and cast using concrete with CRCA. A total of six slabs were tested, with two different bending reinforcement ratios: 0.52 % and 1.23 %. The slabs were cast using concrete with natural river aggregate (serving as reference slabs) and concrete with 50 % and 100 % CRCA replacement. Test results showed that using CRCA in concrete does not negatively impact the punching shear resistance of the slabs. For slabs with a reinforcement ratio of 0.52 %, the normalised punching capacities relative to the reference slab were higher by 7.4 % for 50 % CRCA and by 4.8 % for 100 % CRCA replacement. For slabs with a 1.23 % reinforcement ratio, the corresponding values were lower by 2.9 % and higher by 0.4 %, showing minimal variation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121460"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue performance of HFRP-reinforced track composite slabs: Experiments and numerical simulation","authors":"Zhongzhi Guan ,&nbsp;Hongguang Wang ,&nbsp;Yuhang Ren ,&nbsp;Guangzhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongli Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the risks of corrosion susceptibility and reduced electrical insulation in ballastless track structures during service life, replacing conventional steel bars with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars has emerged as a promising strategy. However, current research still lacks a comprehensive understanding of the fatigue evolution mechanisms across the structural layers of FRP-reinforced ballastless tracks when subjected to high-frequency train loads. This study conceptualizes the track slab and self-compacting concrete (SCC) filling layer as a track composite slab structure with equivalent service life. A three-point bending fatigue test was employed to investigate the effects of steel bars, basalt FRP (BFRP) bars, and hybrid FRP (HFRP) bars on fatigue failure modes, stiffness degradation patterns, and strain-slip responses of the track composite slab. Additionally, a constitutive model for concrete fatigue damage was developed and implemented via a user defined material (UMAT) subroutine within a finite element framework to elucidate track composite slab fatigue evolution mechanisms. Results demonstrate that HFRP-reinforced track composite slabs exhibit mid-span delamination failure after 1.32 million load cycles. Compared to BFRP-reinforced systems, HFRP-reinforced systems enhance fatigue life by 13.79 % and reduce stiffness degradation rates by 22.10 %. Numerical simulations reveal that fatigue damage in HFRP-reinforced track composite slabs initiates at slab edges, propagates gradiently through the thickness direction, and ultimately triggers interfacial cracking. Optimization of the track slab reinforcement ratio to 0.55 % achieves near-critical equilibrium in interlayer strain coordination, enhancing material efficiency while maintaining structural fatigue resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121471"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and analytical investigations of steel-to-wood connections with fully threaded self-tapping screws under wetting","authors":"Jintao Zhang ,&nbsp;Lina Zhou ,&nbsp;Chun Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-tapping screws (STSs) are widely used in mass timber connections due to their high strength and ease of installation. A new provision of STS connections has been implemented to the latest edition of Canadian timber design standard, CSA O86–24. However, the performance of STS connections under wetting condition has not been fully addressed and remains a critical concern since STS breakage was reported in several mass timber projects exposed to wetting during construction. This study investigates the failure mechanisms of steel-to-wood connections with fully threaded STSs under wetting condition through numerical and analytical approaches. Cohesive zone modeling method was employed to simulate the wood-screw interaction, validated with experimental data, while analytical solutions were developed to predict STS stress distributions. The investigated parameters included screw diameter, penetration length, moisture content change, and installation-induced loads. Results revealed two primary failure modes: (1) STS yielding close to the screw head due to the combined stress from wetting and installation loads, and (2) localized withdrawal failure at the screw tip caused by excessive wood swelling, particularly for the connections with long penetration length (&gt;25<em>d</em>_<em>0</em>, where <em>d</em>_<em>0</em> is the nominal diameter of STS) or large moisture content increase (e.g., 12 % to fiber saturation point). The proposed closed-form analytical model, whose key input parameters can be determined based on STS withdrawal load-displacement curves or empirical equations, showed good agreement with the verified numerical modeling results, offering a practical tool for designers to predict the wetting-induced STS stress in the design phase. This work bridges gaps in the current Canadian timber design standard by providing quantitative methods to evaluate moisture-dependent STS performance in steel-to-wood connections, therefore enhancing the safety and reliability of mass timber construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121295"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uniaxial behaviour of biomass bamboo coarse aggregates concrete-filled steel tube columns with different cross-section shapes","authors":"Gaofei Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Wei ,&nbsp;Jingshuo Xu ,&nbsp;Binrong Zhu ,&nbsp;Yu Lin ,&nbsp;Manqi Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes combining bamboo aggregate concrete (BAC) with concrete-filled steel tube columns (CFSTs), leveraging bamboo's resource advantages while compensating for its lower strength and durability through steel tube confinement to achieve resource recycling and emission reduction goals. Monotonic axial compression tests were conducted on 38 CFSTs. Key parameters included the bamboo coarse aggregate replacement rate (<em>r</em>), cross-sectional shapes, and steel ratios (<em>α</em>). The research revealed that the steel tube's confinement effect on BAC substantially improves both its load-bearing capacity and ductility. Circular specimens primarily exhibited waist drum-shaped failure, whereas square specimens were dominated by shear slip failure. Under different confinement coefficients, the axial load-strain curves can be categorized into medium and strong confinement. The strength index (<em>SI</em>) of all specimens exceeded 1, demonstrating a \"1 + 1 &gt; 2\" effect. Peak stress (<em>f</em>_cc) and <em>SI</em> showed positive correlations with <em>α</em>. When the steel tube parameters were consistent, an increase in <em>r</em> led to a reduction in the <em>f</em>_cc of BACFSTs but significantly improved their ductility index, with the maximum increase reaching 70.9 %. For core concrete with <em>r</em> = 0 % and 25 %, <em>α</em>≥ 0.170 is preliminarily recommended; for core concrete with <em>r</em> = 45 %, <em>α</em>≥ 0.130 is initially advised. Finite element simulations were conducted based on the modified uniaxial stress-strain model of core BAC. The simulations reproduced the failure modes and response curves consistent with the test, and the contributions of the steel tube and the concrete to the load-bearing capacity were analyzed separately. Finally, through regression analysis of test data, a model capable of predicting the axial bearing capacity of circular BACFSTs was proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121469"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on temperature distribution characteristics of steel-shell concrete tower in double-deck steel truss suspension bridge under tanker fire","authors":"Guoming Yang,&nbsp;Jianing Zhao,&nbsp;Xiuli Xu,&nbsp;Zhijun Li,&nbsp;Xuehong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel-shell concrete bridge towers are widely used in long-span bridges due to their excellent mechanical performance and construction efficiency. However, studies on their temperature distribution and heat transfer behavior under extreme fire conditions remain limited. This paper investigates the thermal response characteristics of a steel-shell concrete tower on a double-deck truss-stiffened suspension bridge using a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Method (FEM) approach, considering tanker fire scenarios on both upper and lower decks. The results indicate that wind speed significantly affects flame shape and wall temperature distribution, with the area of high-temperature zones and peak air temperatures initially increasing and then decreasing as wind speed rises. The longitudinal position of the fire source along the bridge also has a notable impact on thermal effects. A comprehensive evaluation method is proposed, incorporating wall air temperature and high-temperature zone area, to identify the most unfavorable fire scenarios. The findings show that upper-deck fires pose a greater risk to the tower than lower-deck fires. Under the most severe upper-deck fire condition, the maximum temperature of the steel shell reaches 972 °C, while the peak temperature of the concrete is around 650 °C, decreasing approximately linearly with depth to below 50 °C at 200 mm. The steel shell and ribs exhibit rapid heat transfer, forming distinct temperature gradients, while the internal concrete shows delayed temperature rise, demonstrating good thermal inertia. These findings clearly reveal the heat transfer characteristics of steel-shell concrete towers under fire exposure and provide valuable reference for fire-resistant design and safety assessment of similar structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121500"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D laser scanning and DIC in structural testing: state‐of‐the‐art, best practice and effective use","authors":"Xin Meng ,&nbsp;Andy Pullen ,&nbsp;Xi Guo ,&nbsp;Xiang Yun ,&nbsp;Leroy Gardner","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D laser scanning and digital image correlation (DIC), two novel techniques capable of non-contact, full-field measurements of surface geometry and deformations respectively, have emerged and gained increasing applications in structural engineering research. The aim of the present study is to provide a state-of-the-art review and best-practice guidance on 3D laser scanning and DIC in the context of structural testing, and to introduce their main applications and advantages in physical experiments on metallic structures. For 3D laser scanning, the basic principles and general applications are firstly introduced. Laser scanning of a generic structural steel sample is subsequently described as a case study to demonstrate the workflow, with recommendations provided on the best practice. 3D laser scanning has been utilised in structural experiments for determining dimensional parameters, examining surface topography, characterising geometric imperfections of different forms and representing true geometry in finite element modelling, examples of which, along with corresponding data analysis methods, are provided and discussed. For DIC, following an initial review, the procedure for setting up a stereo DIC system in a stub column test is subsequently presented, where recommendations are provided on the setup, speckle pattern, execution and data processing. Example applications of DIC in various types of structural experiments, ranging from material tests to geometric imperfection measurements, structural element tests and structural system tests, are subsequently presented, and the advantages offered by DIC over conventional measurement methods are discussed. 3D laser scanning and DIC provide structural researchers with deeper insights into the geometric properties and behaviour of metallic structures in physical experiments, and the presented work will help to facilitate the broader and more effective use of these techniques among peer researchers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121055"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}