Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Long-term performance of steel-recycled aggregate concrete continuous composite beams considering the influence of installing decorative layers","authors":"Xuepeng Chen ,&nbsp;Huan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu-Yin Wang ,&nbsp;Hongzhe Dai ,&nbsp;Lilong Fan ,&nbsp;Yue Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel-recycled aggregate concrete composite beams (SRACCBs) are preferred components for the recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) application. Due to their superior spanning ability and load-bearing capacity, steel-concrete composite beams (SCCBs) are typically more slender than traditional beam components, which makes them more sensitive to concrete shrinkage and creep. Furthermore, the incorporation of recycled aggregate (RA) significantly increases the shrinkage and creep deformation of the concrete. Therefore, the long-term properties of RAC significantly affect the application of SRACCBs. In fact, the shrinkage and creep of RAC are closely related to the boundary conditions, and the sealing effect of the steel deck and decorative layer can directly influence the long-term deformation of SCCBs. However, relevant research is currently unavailable. In this context, a 500-day long-term performance test of continuous SRACCB (4 m × 2 spans) was conducted in this paper. The test quantified the effects of incorporating RA and installing decorative layers on the mid-span deflection and end relative slip of the SRACCBs. By considering the cracking, shrinkage, and creep of RAC and long-term slip at the interface, a Direct Stiffness Method Finite Element Model (DSMFEM) for SRACCBs was established. Test results indicate that using 100 % RA can increase the mid-span deflection of the specimen by 27.9 % and the relative slip by 54.8 %; a 90-day installation of the decoration layer can lead to a 16.3 % decrease in the mid-span deflection and an 11.5 % decrease in the relative slip. The verification results of 12 sets of experimental data indicate that the proposed DSMFEM has high computational efficiency and can effectively predict the deflection and relative slip of simply-supported and continuous SCCBs. The maximum error in predicting the final mid-span deflection is 6.8 % for specimens with long-term loads and 18.4 % for specimens without loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 120569"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative adversarial network-enhanced machine learning models for high-precision prediction of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube strength","authors":"Shengkang Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuanlong Zou ,&nbsp;Soon Poh Yap ,&nbsp;Haoyun Fan ,&nbsp;Ahmed El-Shafie ,&nbsp;Zainah Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Amr El-Dieb","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) are widely recognized for their superior mechanical properties, including increased strength, ductility, and seismic resistance, making them popular in construction. However, accurately predicting the ultimate load (Nu) of CFST remains challenging due to the complex interactions between steel and concrete, and the varying parameters such as column dimensions, steel yield strength, and concrete compressive strength. Existing models and standards often lack precision, mainly when working with limited datasets. This study applies an advanced approach to improve Nu prediction for Rectangular CFST (RCFST) by combining Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN)-augmented data with machine learning and deep learning models. Four models (Gradient Boosting Regressor, Random Forest, Convolutional Neural Network, Residual Network) were initially trained on the original dataset. Subsequently, a GAN was utilized to generate synthetic data, expanding the dataset and improving model performance. The Random Forest model achieved the highest accuracy, with an R² of 0.9989, the root mean square error (RMSE) of 90.1, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.3 %. A lightweight version of the Random Forest model was also developed to reduce computational complexity while maintaining an R² of 0.9979. Compared to three major standards (EN 1994, ACI, DBJ) and 18 machine learning models, the proposed models outperformed across key metrics including R², RMSE, and MAPE, demonstrating their effectiveness in predicting RCFST strength. Finally, a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) was developed, enabling direct engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 120514"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A methodology for the rapid and reliable assessment of existing masonry arch bridges containing defects","authors":"Laura Niero ,&nbsp;Carlo Pellegrino ,&nbsp;Vasilis Sarhosis ,&nbsp;Paolo Zampieri","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Masonry arch bridges remain a vital part of the road and rail infrastructure. Many of those structures have already been in service for hundreds of years and are currently showing signs of defects due to material deterioration and structural damage. This paper aims to propose a methodology to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of in-service masonry arch bridges, taking into account their existing defects. According to the method, first, defects observed in masonry arch bridges during visual inspection are categorised based on their severity level in accordance with the Italian Railway Instructions. Subsequently, the defects are incorporated into an in-house two-dimensional rigid-block limit analysis code to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of single span masonry bridges with spans ranging from 6 to 20 m. The representation of defects including the loss of bricks, loss of mortar, surface spalling were taken into consideration using a probabilistic approach through the Monte Carlo method. From the results analysis, it was shown that for bridges containing same level of defect, the loss of bearing capacity (calculated as the collapse multiplier of the damaged bridge over the collapse multiplier of the undamaged bridge) is greater for bridges with shorter spans compared to those with longer spans. Also, loss of bricks from the arch ring leads to more significant reductions in the bridge’s load-bearing capacity compared to loss of mortar joint and surface spalling. Finally, the simultaneous presence of multiple defects leads to greater losses in load-bearing capacity and variations in the collapse mechanisms of the bridge. This study offers a simplified approach for quantitatively assessing the reduction in load-bearing capacity of masonry bridges containing defects, providing valuable insights for the effective management of existing masonry bridge stock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 120528"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 1DCNN-SENet-LSTM model for UGW-based automatic evaluation of grouting void location in post-tensioned concrete structure","authors":"Ruofei Liu ,&nbsp;Longguan Zhang ,&nbsp;Junfeng Jia ,&nbsp;Shengli Li ,&nbsp;He Guo ,&nbsp;Binli Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Void is a common grouting defect that significantly impacts the safety and durability of post-tensioned concrete structures. However, due to invisibility, it is challenging to detect and evaluate grouting voids. This study proposes a one-dimensional convolutional neural network-squeeze and excitation net-long short-term memory (1DCNN-SENet-LSTM) model for UGW-based automatic evaluation of grouting void location. In this model, the UGW time-domain signal is filtered and input into the network. Firstly, CNN is employed to extract spatial features. Secondly, the SE block is incorporated for attention calibration. Finally, the LSTM is utilized to extract time series-related features. The implementation of 9-fold cross-validation during network training enhances robustness and avoids overfitting. The proposed employs an end-to-end approach to facilitate automatic feature learning. This study compares the test results of the 1DCNN-SENet-LSTM model with other models to validate the superiority of the proposed model in terms of prediction performance. The classification results are evaluated using indicators such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F₁ score. The results indicate that the 1DCNN-SENet-LSTM model achieves a greater Accuracy of 96 % in evaluating the location of grouting voids, which is 10.3 % higher than the 1DCNN-LSTM model, 12.9 % higher than the ResNet model, and 23.1 % higher than the XGBoost model. Furthermore, the F₁ score for each category in the 1DCNN-SENet-LSTM model exceeds 92 %, surpassing other models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 120669"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bond-slip law for the analysis of ribbed steel-FRP composite bars embedded into FRP-confined concrete","authors":"Mifeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yanlei Wang ,&nbsp;Guipeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bond behaviour of composite bars whose steel core is enveloped by a ribbed FRP layer is investigated when the bars are placed inside a concrete member uniformly confined by outer FRP wrappings. The test results show that passive confinement – by resisting concrete transverse dilation induced by bar slip – brings in a change in bond failure mode, from splitting to pull-out (both failure modes being controlled by concrete), and even to bar damage (failure mode controlled by the reinforcement). Furthermore, moderate levels of FRP confinement stiffness (0.56 − 0.85 GPa) are advantageous for both bond ductility and strength, while high confinement levels may lead to a brittle bond behaviour. Existing bond-slip laws are examined with the focus on their limitations when they are used to model the effect of FRP confinement on bond. A refined 3D rib-scale FE model is developed to accurately describe bond static and kinematic behaviour at the local level in the case of ribbed composite bars embedded into a concrete member uniformly confined via FRP wrappings. To optimize bond performance, a regular bond-slip law is formulated for ribbed composite bars, taking into account such parameters as concrete strength, cover-to-bar diameter ratio, bar-rib spacing, and the level of confinement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 120672"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive equations for rotation and sliding of shallow footings under seismic loads using Bayesian regression and ANN","authors":"Hamid M. Madani ,&nbsp;Lydell Wiebe ,&nbsp;Peijun Guo ,&nbsp;Sanda Koboevic","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of footing movement is essential for evaluating its contribution to story drift, which is a critical metric for seismic design. For this reason, this study develops predictive equations to estimate the rotation and sliding of shallow foundations under the combination of seismic and gravity loads. Archetype low-rise concentrically braced frame buildings with shallow footings are designed for Vancouver, Canada, and are modeled using OpenSees. Uncertainty in demand and capacity of the buildings is considered using incremental Latin hypercube sampling (iLHS). A range of footing sizes, from small foundations designed per the US code to larger capacity-protected (CP) footings following the Canadian code, are analyzed to ensure comprehensive coverage of footing size for deriving reliable equations. Two soil sites are considered to account for varying soil conditions. Bayesian regression is used to develop reliable equations for footing rotation and sliding. An artificial neural network (ANN) model further improves prediction accuracy by incorporating complex variable combinations beyond Bayesian regression. Both new approaches are compared to the guidance in the commentary of CSA A23.3, as there is little guidance in the US and other international standards. This study concludes that both current guidance and the proposed new equations accurately estimate footing rotation for CP footings when sliding is minimal. However, the existing guidance tends to underestimate the rotation of smaller footings and does not adequately estimate the footing movement when significant sliding occurs. Therefore, the equations developed here are recommended for a more accurate estimate of footing movement under seismic load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 120638"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure behavior of single-/double-shear in composite honeycomb sandwich panels based on acoustic emission","authors":"Fan Dong ,&nbsp;Weihong Kong ,&nbsp;Yazhi Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Yang ,&nbsp;Biao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite honeycomb sandwich panels are extensively used for their high strength-to-weight ratio, yet their damage mechanisms under out-of-plane shear loading remain poorly understood. In this work, out-of-plane shearing static and fatigue tests were performed on three types of composite honeycomb sandwich panel specimens, two for single shear and one for double shear. Real-time acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was employed, and the AE signals were decomposed to extract detailed damage information. The ranges of the AE parameter values corresponding to core shear microcracking and crack propagation were deduced. Entropy was introduced as a new quantitative metric to reflect the damage progression within the cores, with its trajectory effectively depicting the evolution of core damage over increasing fatigue cycles. Andrews plots were used as a form of phase space reconstruction to visualize AE data related to damage in composite honeycomb sandwich panels, enabling clear differentiation between early-stage shear microcracking and later-stage crack propagation through distinct curve patterns. The integration of entropy and Andrews plots provides a new approach to understanding damage mechanisms in composite honeycomb sandwich panels under out-of-plane shear loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 120674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size effect behavior of square concrete-filled steel tubular short columns under axial compression","authors":"Peng Chen ,&nbsp;Hua Yang ,&nbsp;Zhong Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fourteen square concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) specimens were fabricated and tested to investigate the size effect behavior under axial compression. The sectional widths of the specimens ranged from 156 mm to 1040 mm, encompassing both laboratory and practical engineering scales. The failure modes, stress state at peak load, and the vital mechanical characteristics, like composite elastic modulus, peak axial stress and strain, and the ductility coefficient, were analyzed to highlight the influences of both sectional width and steel ratio of square CFST columns. Compared to plain concrete, the size effect of square CFST columns in peak axial stress is weakened thanks to the contribution of steel tubes. Moreover, the peak axial strain, the strain at a residual bearing capacity of 0.85<em>N</em>_u, and the ductility coefficient also present a decreasing trend as the sectional width increases. Finally, a formula for predicting the bearing capacity is proposed by analyzing the axial stresses of the steel tube and concrete core, which is validated by the test data. The prediction accuracy is also compared with that from the current codes of ACI, EC4, and GB50936.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 120689"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static and fatigue performances of clip anchorage system for FRP rod used in cable","authors":"Guijun Xian ,&nbsp;Yanzhao Niu ,&nbsp;Jingwei Tian ,&nbsp;Chenggao Li ,&nbsp;Qingrui Yue ,&nbsp;Rui Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To obtain the static and fatigue performances and provide the design parameters of FRP rod for the application in cable structures, the design and preparation method of steel clip anchor, steel clip anchor with aluminum sleeve and adhesive layer are presented in the present paper. The effect of taper difference, preload and anchor type on static and fatigue performances is studied by tensile and fatigue test, and the optimal design and application parameters of anchor are obtained. The results show that the peak shear stress of the rod at the front end of anchor can be reduced effectively by setting 0.1 ° taper difference, and the bearing capacity is increased by 40.7 %, 12.1 % and 5.3 % compared with 0 ° and 0.2 ° taper difference for steel clip anchor, steel clip anchor with aluminum sleeve and adhesive layer. The slippage of anchor can be reduced effectively with the increase of preload, which improves the critical slippage load of anchor. In addition, the stress concentration of rod inside the anchor can be reduced with the addition of low modulus adhesive layer between steel clip and rod, which reduces the sensitivity of tensile performances to taper difference and delays the fatigue damage accumulation process of rod inside the anchor, the anchoring efficiency and fatigue resistance increases by 10.9 % and 61.4 % compared with steel clip anchor, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 120659"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of artificial defects on the crashworthiness of corrugated sandwich cylindrical shells","authors":"Mao Yang ,&nbsp;Yongjian Mao ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrugated sandwich cylindrical shells with prefabricated circumferential band defects (CSCSPD) were proposed and fabricated. Quasi-static axial compression experiments were performed to evaluate the crushing characteristics. Detailed parametric investigation was conducted to find out more about the failure mechanisms, as well as the effect of geometrical parameters. The surrogate models for structural energy absorption characteristics was established and optimized for design. Compared with the non-defective structure, CSCSPD began to deform at the defect location during the crushing process, and the peak force (<em>PF</em>) would be significantly reduced, but the specific energy absorption (<em>SEA</em>) barely decreased. Additionally, the multi-objective optimization design could further increase the CSCSPD's ability to absorb energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 120658"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}