Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Machine learning-driven prediction of axial capacity of concrete-filled steel tubes columns with built-in bamboo or timber cores","authors":"Baoxing Wei ,&nbsp;Yang Wei ,&nbsp;Jiyang Yi ,&nbsp;Jiawei Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Lin ,&nbsp;Yi Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies on concrete-filled steel tube columns with built-in bamboo or timber cores (CFST-BTC) not only optimize the mechanical properties of conventional concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns but also reduce concrete usage and carbon emissions, enhancing structural sustainability. This study establishes a CFST-BTC database of 271 specimens under axial compression and evaluates various machine learning (ML) models for predicting their ultimate bearing capacity (<em>N</em>_<em>cu</em>). Six mainstream ML algorithms such as ANN, LightGBM, Gradient Boosting Regressor, CatBoost, XGBoost and AdaBoost were assessed for training and predicting <em>N</em>_<em>cu</em> of CFST-BTC. Gradient Boosting Regressor and ANN effectively predicted the experimental results, achieving R² values of 0.9988/0.9985 for the training set and 0.9964/0.9959 for the test set, significantly outperforming traditional analytical models. Based on SHAP analysis, key parameters were identified, nonlinear relationships were revealed, and the user-friendly analytical equation was formulated based on ANN. The proposed equation demonstrated strong predictive performance, achieving an R² value of 0.9609 and an RMSE of 156.35. Although these results are slightly inferior to those of the six ML surrogate models, they surpass the explicit equation constructed using multiplication (R² = 0.9297) and other traditional analytical models. The user-friendly equation suggests that the optimal substitution ratio (<em>w</em>) of bamboo or timber core replacing the core concrete in CFST-BTC is 36.5 %, providing guidance for the practical application of CFST-BTC columns in engineering. Meanwhile, the suggested explicit equation effectively satisfies the boundary conditions at <em>w</em> = 0 and <em>w</em> = 1, ensuring reliable predictions for ultimate bearing capacity of both CFST columns and bamboo or timber-filled steel tube (BTFST) columns without computational inconsistencies at the boundary conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120817"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance prediction and interpretation of RC bridges under vehicle-bridge interaction: From VBI system simulation to ensemble learning surrogate models","authors":"Liang Luo ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Hanfang Dai ,&nbsp;Hang Sun ,&nbsp;Mingming Jia ,&nbsp;Huan Yuan ,&nbsp;Xuanhao Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To accurately predict the dynamic response of vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) systems under seismic excitations, this study proposes a framework based on LightGBM (LGBM) for dynamic response prediction. The framework is enhanced with Bayesian optimization and interpretability analysis for model improvement and feature understanding, through thousands of nonlinear time - history analyses on a typical Chinese RC T-beam bridge, a comprehensive VBI model is established. It accounts for vehicle dynamic response on uneven bridge surfaces and the impact of random traffic loads on bridge response. For the non - stationary distribution of random traffic loads and traffic data growth, the study uses the generalized extreme value distribution to model the extreme values of stationary vehicle loads in each time interval. This discretizes the continuous stochastic process into a combination of stationary processes in the time domain, enabling non - stationary evaluation of vehicle load effects. Results indicate that the proposed LGBM model achieves superior accuracy in predicting six key dynamic response, with <em>R²</em> values exceeding 92 %, significantly outperforming traditional models such as RF, GBDT, and SVM. This demonstrates higher predictive accuracy and computational efficiency, providing a reliable tool for effectively predicting dynamic responses in complex bridge systems under seismic actions. Additionally, Bayesian optimization increased hyperparameter tuning efficiency by 6–8 times compared to grid and random search methods, yielding better prediction results. Feature importance analysis shows that seismic intensity-related input variables (e.g., <em>Sa</em>₁₀) dominate pier drift ratio and deck displacement predictions, while geometric parameters such as pier height significantly influence overall demand estimation, highlighting their importance under varying structural conditions. SHAP analysis reveals negative effects of some geometric features (e.g., pier height <em>H</em>_<em>c</em> and span length <em>L</em>_<em>m</em>) on seismic demand, while road quality and vehicle stiffness are more influential among vehicle parameters, with vehicle speed and weight contributing less. Feature interaction analysis shows notable nonlinear interactions, such as between lateral shear displacement and pier height, significantly affecting abutment displacement prediction. These findings reveal coupled effects under VBI, providing deeper insights for seismic design optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120816"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging data-driven artificial intelligence in optimization design for building structures: A review","authors":"Sizhong Qin ,&nbsp;Yifan Fei ,&nbsp;Wenjie Liao ,&nbsp;Xinzheng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applying optimization methods to design, referred to as optimization design, is a widely adopted approach in structural design of buildings. Conventional optimization methods primarily focus on enhancing the performance or reducing the cost of buildings, while ensuring that they satisfy certain structural design requirements. However, these methods often suffer from low optimization efficiencies and struggle to satisfy implicit design constraints. Recent rapid advances in data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) approaches enable the extraction of implicit design knowledge from extensive datasets and efficient handling of complex optimization tasks, thereby introducing new possibilities for optimization design. The integration of data-driven AI methods into structural optimization has led to the growth of research on intelligent optimization design for building structures, demonstrating significant potential for generating initial designs, simplifying optimization problems, solving the related models, and evaluating the results. This study systematically reviews data-driven intelligent optimization design for building structures, with the aim of classifying various optimization techniques, and summarizing the distinct roles of data-driven AI methods in intelligent optimization design. The findings indicate a significant upward trend in the application of intelligent optimization methods, while the emergence of novel AI techniques presents both opportunities and challenges. This study also aims to provide a comprehensive reference for methods and application scenarios of intelligent optimization design for building structures; this helps designers leverage the learning capabilities of data-driven AI approaches alongside the quantitative-analysis strengths of optimization methods to enhance the quality and efficiency of building structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120810"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nested-mass locally resonant metabarriers for seismic wave mitigation","authors":"Nathan W. Halim ,&nbsp;Tung-Yu Wu ,&nbsp;Shiang-Jung Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic metamaterials (SMs) have garnered significant attention in earthquake engineering due to their exceptional ability to manipulate waves. Originating from the fields of electromagnetics and acoustics, these SMs consist of periodic arrays of engineered structures embedded in the soil to protect buildings from seismic waves. In this paper, we propose a nested-mass metabarrier, which can produce a low-frequency band gap utilizing the local resonance phenomenon of its inner core. Based on analytical studies, parametric analysis, and construction feasibility, the developed metabarrier comprises a concrete core inside a plywood shell and is interconnected by soft polyethylene foam. Dispersion analysis shows the proposed metabarrier can generate a low-frequency band gap of 0.8–3.2 Hz, which falls within the frequency range of seismic waves (below 10 Hz). Lab-scale experiments and numerical simulations further verify the performance of the metabarriers in attenuating propagating P-waves in sand at frequencies within the band gap. The proposed metabarrier design is therefore shown to have desired wave attenuation and is feasible for construction, demonstrating its potential for practical application in seismic protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120792"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of secondary structural elements on the lateral response of multi-story segmented CLT shear walls","authors":"Seyed Saeed Askariani ,&nbsp;Marjan Popovski ,&nbsp;Lisa Tobber","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rocking deformation mechanism in Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) shear wall panels highlights the need for a deeper understanding of interactions between wall panels and adjacent/secondary structural components (floors, parapets and lintels). However, there remains a very limited body of research focused on the effects of floor panels and also the detailing of opening areas, which often neglected in practical design, on the lateral response of segmented CLT shear wall systems. This study, therefore, aims to thoroughly investigate the effect of these factors on the lateral response of multi-story multi-panel segmented CLT shear walls by using four different numerical models that differ in the inclusion of secondary elements. For this purpose, various archetypes differing in number of stories, wall panel aspect ratios, and floor panel out-of-plane stiffnesses and configurations are subjected to monotonic pushover analysis to investigate the key characteristics of their lateral response, such as nonlinear deformation capacity, yielding hierarchy, and failure modes. The study highlighted that secondary structural elements and wall panel aspect ratios significantly affect the lateral response of multi-story segmented CLT shear walls. The study also revealed that using wood-frame elements with almost negligible in-plane lateral stiffness for parapets and lintels, instead of CLT, can improve the lateral performance of segmented CLT shear walls. Such walls were able to maintain a force distribution approximately proportional to the relative lateral stiffness of the coupled walls within a story, which led to the almost simultaneous yielding of ductile connections across the coupled walls and prevented the yielding or failure of non-ductile connections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120852"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverse design of self-rotating dual-platform biomimetic mechanical metamaterials via additive manufacturing","authors":"Xihai Ni ,&nbsp;Qing Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Peng ,&nbsp;Yunlong Tang ,&nbsp;Fangzhou Dong ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the mechanical properties of auxetic structures, numerous designs have been developed and analyzed. However, many existing methodologies lack comprehensive principles to effectively guide other structural design processes. In this study, a novel buckling-based biological windmill auxetic structure is introduced. First, a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties across different biological windmill structures was conducted. Then, a buckling design approach was employed to enhance the deformation characteristics and stress-strain behavior of windmill auxetic structures. Finally, an inverse design process was implemented to identify the optimal target structural parameters by Bayesian-optimized Gaussian process regression models. The results indicate that the “X” crossbar design method achieves greater specific energy absorption (SEA), smoother platform stress, making it particularly suitable for shock energy absorption applications. Additionally, the re-entrant structure design method demonstrates superior SEA, and outstanding crushing energy absorption (CFE). The buckling design of the support rod not only provides exceptional SEA but also exhibits favorable crushing modes. This study advances the concept of rotating auxetic structures, by investigating their crushing behavior and energy absorption characteristics, offering valuable insights for the further development of auxetic structural design methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120844"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A magnetically levitated platform with multi-directional quasi-zero stiffness for low-frequency vibration protection","authors":"Wenhao Qi,&nbsp;Tianyu Zhao,&nbsp;Qiuhua Gao,&nbsp;Jiajia Lu,&nbsp;Fanchi Zeng,&nbsp;Ge Yan,&nbsp;Wenming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protective structures are essential for precision instruments like control moment gyros (CMGs) in remote sensing satellites, which require effective three-directional vibration isolation for high agility. This paper introduces an innovative magnetic levitation platform (MLP) for vibration isolation, featuring multi-directional quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) characteristics. The MLP incorporates three identical magnetic springs that convert <em>x/y/z</em> vibrations into vertical ones. These magnetic springs utilize a constant magnetic force generated by a customized magnetic field distortion, differing from traditional systems that rely on positive and negative stiffness elements, which are complex and have limited working strokes. The QZS mechanism of the magnetic spring is demonstrated through magnetic field simulations, followed by structural modeling of the MLP to identify the optimal operating region. Static properties in orthogonal directions and coupling planes are derived and visualized based on potential energy. A dimensionless dynamic model of the orthogonal system is established as a Duffing oscillator, and the effects of damping on nonlinear jumping phenomena are analyzed using transmissibility and energy diagrams. The influence of vibration amplitudes on abnormal dynamic responses (displacement mutations) is explored through bifurcation analysis to assist excitation selection. Experimental results show that the initial vibration isolation frequency is 2.3 Hz in the <em>z</em> direction and 4.3 Hz in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions, demonstrating the MLP’s capability for low-frequency vibration isolation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120823"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new impact factor considering structural morphology for concrete gravity dams subjected to underwater non-contact explosion","authors":"Zheng Gao ,&nbsp;Gaohui Wang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Lu ,&nbsp;Shuhua Liu ,&nbsp;Xinhao Pan ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact factor has a promising prospect in the prediction and assessment of shock wave induced damage to structures under underwater explosion. However, the existing impact factors are not applicable to variable cross section structures because there is no consideration of the geometry effect of the target structure. In this paper, a new type of underwater explosion impact factor, which can comprehensively consider the effects of detonation position, interface reflection, and geometric properties of target structures, is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the impact factor proposed in this paper, an explosion model test is carried out and the reliability of the numerical simulation method is verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with the test results; a concrete gravity dam was taken as the research object, the damage to the dam subjected to various underwater explosion attack conditions is obtained by numerical simulation; through the analysis of mathematical relationship between the impact factor and the damage range, the effectiveness of the proposed impact factor is discussed, and the damage predicted effect of four different impact factors is also compared. The research shows that the impact factor proposed in this paper can accurately predict the local damage of the concrete structure under underwater explosion, combined with the damage classification criterion, can quickly obtain the damage level of the structure to underwater explosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120826"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibration reduction of electric equipment using an electromagnetic dynamic vibration absorber: Shaking table tests and numerical simulations","authors":"Mengyao Zhou ,&nbsp;Shikai Gao ,&nbsp;Zheng Lu ,&nbsp;Guowei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhao-Dong Xu ,&nbsp;Hongjing Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an electromagnetic dynamic vibration absorber (EMDVA) to reduce the seismic vibration of equipment in nuclear power plants. Its effectiveness is validated through shaking table tests of the integrated equipment-EMDVA system, with excitations generated by a thorium molten salt reactor (TMSR) model, considering the interaction with soil and plant structures. The EMDVA, integrating linear springs and electromagnetic spring elements with nonlinear stiffness, achieving a wide control frequency range while reducing sensitivity to variations in excitation amplitude. The damping mechanism is analyzed through theoretical and experimental studies of electromagnetic springs. Results reveal that the EMDVA transfers vibration energy to a wider frequency range and dissipates it quickly, outperforming the linear DVA in electrical cabinets. Increasing nonlinear stiffness broadens the control bandwidth but reduces stability to excitation amplitude variations. Parameter analysis shows that when the initial nonlinear stiffness proportion is 50–80 %, the EMDVA offers a significantly wider control bandwidth with minimal sensitivity increase. Under intense excitations, the EMDVA can decrease the maximum working stroke compared to the DVA, making it more suitable for space-constrained equipment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120808"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuned mass damper inerter for mitigating seismic loads on wind turbine hybrid towers","authors":"Xiaogang Huang ,&nbsp;Dongping Zhu ,&nbsp;Xuhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuhang Wang ,&nbsp;Hexiang Tang ,&nbsp;Ning Su ,&nbsp;Jing Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel–concrete hybrid towers (SCHTs) are innovative support structures designed for wind turbines with hub heights exceeding 120 m. Unlike pure steel towers, the hybrid configuration induces a significant base moment during seismic events. Mode superposition analyses have revealed that the higher modes of SCHTs have a greater impact on the base moment than on tip displacement. Controlling multi-modal vibrations in an effective and economical manner is challenging, given that a single conventional tuned mass damper has proven to be insufficient. In this study, a single tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) was designed to mitigate the multi-modal vibrations of a 160 m SCHT, reduce the total mass of the damper, and improve vibration control performance. The TMDI parameters were optimised to control the vibration modes that have the greatest impact on the base moment of the SCHT based on their sensitivity to frequency responses. Time history analyses were also conducted to verify the expected performance. The results reveal that an optimised TMDI with a mass ratio of <em>μ</em> = 3 % effectively suppresses the base moment induced by the multi-modal responses of the SCHT under seismic excitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120818"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}