Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Low-resource dynamic loading identification of nonlinear system using pretraining","authors":"Rui Zhu ,&nbsp;Weixuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Qingguo Fei ,&nbsp;Qiang Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Fan ,&nbsp;Stefano Marchesiello ,&nbsp;Dario Anastasio","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenge of load identification in nonlinear systems, an audio neural network-based method called WaveNet is proposed that leverages its capability to capture long-term dependencies in mechanical systems, enabling accurate load identification. Unlike traditional dynamic load identification methods that often encounter difficulties with matrix solutions, this approach takes advantage of WaveNet’s capabilities, enhancing both accuracy and efficiency. We integrate pre-training and transfer learning techniques to address the data scarcity challenges often encountered in real-world engineering applications. By transferring features across distributed datasets, this method reduces the dependency on single-task data, thereby improving model robustness. The performance of the WaveNet method is rigorously evaluated against traditional benchmarks such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) benchmarks under random load conditions applied to a complex structural framework. The proposed method achieves a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.521 and a determination coefficient (<em>R</em>²) of 0.996 in the random load case, demonstrating superior accuracy compared to other approaches. Moreover, its applicability is verified through simulations of both impact load and harmonic load scenarios, showcasing the effectiveness of transfer learning in overcoming domain discrepancies. Finally, the method is tested in random experiments to validate its engineering applicability. The results highlight the significant accuracy improvement in low-resource tasks achieved through pre-training, showcasing the potential and value of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119238"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robustness analysis of dynamic progressive collapse of precast concrete beam–column assemblies using dry connections under uniformly distributed load","authors":"Zidong Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Cheng ,&nbsp;Yi Li ,&nbsp;Mengzhu Diao ,&nbsp;Yilin Liu ,&nbsp;Weijing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of dynamic progressive collapse tests using the uniformly distributed load (UDL) was conducted, to analyze the robustness of three precast concrete (PC) beam–column assemblies using dry connections of top-and-seat angles (TSA-D), strengthened top-and-seat angles (STSA-D), and high-ductility reinforcement (DSTSA-D), under a middle column removal scenario. Finite element (FE) models were also developed to accurately simulate the collapse process. Based on the tests and FE models, comparative studies were conducted on dynamic and static collapse responses of the PC assemblies with identical configuration, loading regime, and boundary conditions. The results showed that: the horizontal reaction force developments were similar under dynamic and static collapse scenarios; under dynamic collapse scenarios, the initial stiffness of the PC assemblies increased due to the strain rate effect, while the peak vertical reaction forces under the compressive arch action (CAA) were smaller than those under static collapse scenarios, attributed to dynamic damage; under both dynamic and static collapse scenarios under UDL, the beam deformed in a downward convex curved shape, with local material deformation becoming more concentrated under dynamic collapse scenarios. An energy-based method for calculating dynamic collapse resistance was evaluated and revised: 1) the traditional method, which converts static responses from static analysis into dynamic responses was found to underestimate the resistance under small deformations due to neglecting the strain rate effect, and to overestimate ultimate resistance by ignoring dynamic damage; 2) by using dynamic vertical reaction forces instead, a more accurate prediction of the dynamic collapse resistance was achieved with a single dynamic collapse analysis. Additionally, dynamic amplification factors for the PC assemblies were calculated based on FE models and static test results providing basic knowledge in whole PC structural level research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119206"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online anomaly detection for long-term structural health monitoring of caisson quay walls","authors":"Taemin Lee ,&nbsp;Seung-Seop Jin ,&nbsp;Sung Tae Kim ,&nbsp;Jiyoung Min","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To assess the current state and develop maintenance strategies for proactive management of infrastructure, research on Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has been actively performed. For port facilities, the need for sensor-based monitoring is increasing to analyze the effects of various factors such as aging, ship activities, backfill earth pressure, and waves. However, few researchers have conducted long-term monitoring of caisson quay walls. In this study, an SHM system was developed with different types of sensors installed on two caisson quay walls and monitored over one year. A new online adaptive anomaly detection approach was proposed to identify the anomalous status of each caisson in real-time by analyzing multiple variables. The method was validated with seven simulated anomaly scenarios, demonstrating high accuracy in anomaly detection despite significant environmental variations, outperforming other approaches. These results highlight the potential to provide timely and accurate alerts when anomalous states occur in port structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 119197"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of FRP fiber orientations on four-point bending behaviour of FRP-concrete-steel tubular beams: Experimental study and modeling","authors":"Bing Zhang ,&nbsp;Chong Zhou ,&nbsp;Sumei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yutao Peng ,&nbsp;Ye Li","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular beams (DSTBs), comprising an inner steel tube, an outer FRP tube, and an intermediate concrete layer, are increasingly used in bridge structures. Previous research has mainly concentrated on DSTBs with FRP tubes featuring fibers oriented in or near the hoop direction. However, such orientations can result in cracking of the FRP tube under early loading or normal service conditions due to inadequate longitudinal tensile strength. This cracking compromises the corrosion resistance and long-term serviceability of DSTBs. To address this issue, this study systematically investigates the effects of different fiber orientations ( ± 80°, ± 60°, and ± 45° relative to the longitudinal direction) on the four-point bending performance of DSTBs. Key experimental and theoretical findings include: (1) All DSTBs demonstrated excellent ductility under four-point bending, regardless of the FRP fiber orientations. (2) ± 60° and ± 80° fiber-wound FRP tubes exhibited significant tensile-side cracking, with cracks propagating along the fiber winding direction. Conversely, ± 45° fiber-wound FRP tubes showed superior cracking resistance and provided adequate longitudinal tensile capacity on the tensile side. (3) The bending capacity was highest in specimens with ± 45° fiber-wound FRP tubes, followed by those with ± 60° tubes, and lowest for those with ± 80° tubes. (4) The inclusion of shear studs could effectively mitigate the relative slippage between the concrete and steel tube. (5) The bending performance of DSTBs was simulated using OpenSees, with the constitutive model of the FRP tubes carefully accounting for the stress states associated with different fiber orientations during failure. The developed numerical model accurately predicted the load-deflection curves of DSTBs, but featuring with a conservative trend. The findings of this study confirm that optimizing fiber orientation is crucial for enhancing the performance and durability of DSTBs in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119191"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time Bayesian axle load estimation and structural identification of railway bridges under train loads based on strain monitoring","authors":"Hou-Zuo Guo ,&nbsp;Ka-Veng Yuen ,&nbsp;He-Qing Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Health monitoring of railway bridges under train loads is of importance for the assessment and maintenance of railway infrastructure. The existing dynamic methods for the estimation of axle loads of trains require the track irregularities that are difficult to be obtained. Additionally, as trains have multiple carriages with a large number of axle loads without knowing magnitudes and positions, the corresponding estimation problem is essentially ill-conditioned. Furthermore, only the estimation of train loads is considered in the existing methods. The ill-conditioning problem may further deteriorate when the structural identification of railway bridges is taken into account. To address these problems, a Bayesian probabilistic approach for the real-time simultaneous estimation of train loads and structural parameters of railway bridges is developed using only strain measurements. From the train-track-bridge interaction dynamics, the axle loads of trains are modelled as modulated filtered noises, which avoids the direct analysis of the coupled system and thus does not require the additional information of track irregularities. Additionally, the time-varying speed parameter is introduced for the position tracking of axles, which allows the axle detection for the train loads with variable speeds. Furthermore, in order to tackle the ill-conditioned estimation problem, the prior information on axle loads from standardized trains is incorporated into the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to reduce the number of unknowns and improve the estimation. Examples for the estimation of a single-span bridge and a multi-span bridge under train loads are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119195"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic response of rocking bridge systems under three-dimensional ground motions","authors":"Zhenlei Jia ,&nbsp;Jianian Wen ,&nbsp;Menghan Hu ,&nbsp;Qiang Han ,&nbsp;Kaiming Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to theoretical models, finite element methods provide greater versatility for dynamic response analyses of rocking bridges, especially when considering the influences of various nonlinear boundary conditions. A finite element modeling method based on fiber section elements for three-dimensional seismic analyses of rocking bridges is developed in this paper. This method solves the problem of energy dissipation and stiffness determination of the rocking interface. Based on the proposed modeling method, considering nonlinear boundary conditions (such as abutment-soil interaction, impact effect, and pile-soil interaction), the seismic responses of rocking bridges, including free rocking, prestressed rocking and prestressed rocking with dampers, under the excitation of three-dimensional ground motions are analyzed. The results show that: after reasonable design, the prestressed rocking bridge with dampers exhibits similar seismic responses to the cast-in-place bridge, and maintains a good self-centering ability. The responses of all the rocking bridges under bi-directional loading are greater than those under unidirectional loading. In contrast, vertical ground motion's influence on the response of the rocking bridges is minimal. Ignoring the pile-soil interaction significantly underestimates the seismic demand of the evaluated bridges, especially the free rocking bridge and rocking bridge with prestressed tendons only.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global buckling and residual capacities of circular recycled aggregate concrete-filled stainless steel tube (RACFSST) columns after exposure to fire","authors":"Ziyi Wang ,&nbsp;Yukai Zhong ,&nbsp;Yating Liang ,&nbsp;Ou Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The post-fire flexural buckling behaviour and capacities of circular recycled aggregate concrete-filled stainless steel tube (RACFSST) columns are studied in this paper, underpinned by testing and numerical modelling. A testing programme was firstly conducted on twelve column specimens designed with three recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratios (0%, 35% and 70%), including nine column specimens after exposure to the ISO 834 standard fire for 15 min, 30 min and 45 min and three reference column specimens at ambient temperature. The test failure modes, load–mid-height lateral deflection curves and failure loads were reported in detail. The influences of heating durations and recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratios on failure loads and mid-height lateral deflections at failure loads of circular RACFSST column specimens were discussed and their lateral deflection distributions were analysed. The testing programme was followed by a numerical modelling programme, where thermal and mechanical finite element models were developed to repeat the experimental results and afterwards used to carry out parametric studies to generate a numerical data pool over a wide range of cross-section dimensions and member lengths. Based on the test and numerical data, the relevant design rules for circular natural aggregate concrete-filled carbon steel tube columns at ambient temperature, as specified in the European code, Australian/New Zealand standard and American specification, were evaluated, using post-fire material properties, for their applicability to circular RACFSST columns after exposure to fire. It was revealed from the evaluation results that the three design codes led to overall acceptable levels of accuracy and consistency in predicting post-fire flexural buckling capacities of circular RACFSST columns, but with some unsafe predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119166"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel nested compression-torsion metamaterial with independently customized mechanical properties","authors":"Wen Jiang ,&nbsp;Minghui Fu ,&nbsp;Lingling Hu,&nbsp;Yanbin Wang,&nbsp;Hao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compression-torsion metamaterials demonstrate unexpected torsional deformation under axial loading as well as axial deformation under torsional loading. It brings new opportunities for displacement transformation or stress wave regulation. A sufficient number of cells is required within the metamaterial to improve the stiffness and stability. However, a long-standing challenge is the severely weakened compression-torsion coupling effect with the increase of cell number in transverse, as well as a difficult balance of the strong compression-torsion coupling effect with the stiffness and stability. These have brought great limitations to the application of multi-cells compression-torsion metamaterials. In the present work, we propose a novel nested metamaterial with chiral multi-cells, which can well achieve the balance between compression-torsion coupling effects and transverse cell number by improving the coordination among adjacent cells. More importantly, based on the established mechanical model, the axial stiffness, the torsional stiffness and the compression-torsion coupling coefficient of the metamaterial can be customized separately and independently without being affected by each other. Thus, the metamaterial with both strong compression-torsion coupling effect, high stiffness and high stability is obtained for the first time. The present work opens a door for customizing compression-torsion metamaterials with excellent composite performances and is expected to be a new start for promoting their significant applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119246"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical behavior of hybrid self-centering brace: Insights into the role of SMA cables","authors":"Fei Shi ,&nbsp;Wenlang Yuan ,&nbsp;Almas Erbolat ,&nbsp;Wei Bao ,&nbsp;Zhangyan Chen ,&nbsp;Yun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) cables have emerged as promising materials for self-centering devices owing to its remarkable self-centering ability and good energy dissipation capacity. However, the impact of SMA cables on the mechanical behavior of hybrid self-centering devices, particularly concerning pre-tension forces, has not been extensively explored through experimentation. In light of this, this study takes the recently proposed hybrid self-centering brace (HSB) as an example, which comprises Viscoelastic (VE) dampers and SMA cables in parallel, to further investigate its mechanical behavior through in-depth experimental tests. Firstly, the configuration and working mechanism of the HSB are elucidated, and the formulas for calculating its mechanical parameters are derived. Then, three HSB specimens are designed and manufactured, each possessing different parameters for SMA cables but identical parameters for VE dampers. Next, cyclic loading tests are carried out to examine the hysteretic responses of these three HSBs. The focus is on revealing the influence of different quantities and pre-tension forces of SMA cables on the mechanical behavior of HSB, as well as examining the loss of pre-tension force in SMA cables during the testing process. The research findings demonstrate that the working mechanism of HSB is experimentally validated, and that training contributes to achieving more stable mechanical behavior in HSB. HSB exhibits excellent recoverability, with the hysteretic curves overlapping substantially in two identical loading tests, with a maximum decrease of only 8.6 % in various mechanical properties. The greater the quantity and pre-tension force of SMA cables, the higher the initial stiffness and activation force of HSB, while the transition stiffness and residual deformation are smaller. Trained HSB specimens show a noticeable reduction in pre-tension of SMA cables in the first cycle of subsequent cyclic loading, averaging around 28 %, which shall be carefully considered in the future applications of HSB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noise robust damage detection of laminated composites using multichannel wavelet-enhanced deep learning model","authors":"Muhammad Muzammil Azad,&nbsp;Heung Soo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a noise-robust damage detection framework for composite structures via a commonly used vibration-based non-destructive testing (NDT) method. Recently, deep learning-based models have shown promising performance in the autonomous damage detection of laminated composites; however, the poor noise robustness of these models has plagued data-driven damage detection. Moreover, none of the existing studies on damage detection in laminated composites focus on noise-robust deep learning models with high generalization ability. Therefore, this study proposes a hybrid deep learning framework called a multi-channel convolutional autoencoder-support vector machine (MC-CAE-SVM) based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and correlation analysis for noise-robust damage detection. This framework aims to first decompose the vibrational signal from multiple health states into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Secondly, highly correlated IMFs were extracted using correlation analysis to remove noisy IMFs. Finally, these IMFs were transformed into a time-frequency representation using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and input to the MC-CAE-SVM model for feature learning and damage detection. Additionally, the accuracy and sensitivity of the model to damage are enhanced by optimizing the MC-CAE-SVM model hyperparameters. Moreover, anti-noise analysis is performed to check the noise-robustness of the proposed model by incorporating noise at various levels. The results showed that the proposed model can provide better damage detection performance compared to conventional models with excellent noise robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}