Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Influence of slenderness on confining effect of axially loaded circular CFST columns with high-strength materials","authors":"Ci Song ,&nbsp;Yan-Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Guo-Qiang Li ,&nbsp;J.Y. Richard Liew","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the influence of slenderness on the confining effect of circular concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns with high-strength materials, 20 tests on CFST slender columns with varying slenderness were carried out. As the increase in slenderness, the confining pressure at the mid-height section decreases and exhibits an uneven distribution across the section, which is attributed to the increasing bending moment introduced by second-order effect. To further investigate the effects of slenderness, concrete strength, and yield strength of steel tubes on the load-bearing capacity of the CFST slender columns, a parametric analysis was conducted. A three-dimensional constitutive model was adopted in the finite element model to simulate the distribution of confining pressure and the axial stress of concrete and steel tubes more precisely. The results indicate that with the increase in slenderness, the establishment of confining pressure is delayed with the magnitude reduced. When the relative slenderness is less than 0.5, the confining pressure is still effective with the strength enhancement index no less than 1. However, while the relative slenderness exceeds 1.0, the confining effect becomes negligible. The reduction factor, defined as the ratio of the load-bearing capacity of the slender column to that of the short column, is derived from the analysis. When comparing the CFST columns infilled with different grades of concrete, the reduction factor for CFST columns filled with normal-strength concrete (NSC) is lower than that for CFST columns filled with ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) because the former is more sensitive to confining pressure. The increasing yield strength of steel tubes contributes to enhancing the load-bearing capacity of CFST columns, however, the efficiency decreases with the increase in slenderness. Finally, a reduction factor accounting for the confining pressure is introduced, providing a comprehensive consideration of the confining effect related to slenderness on the load-bearing capacity of CFST slender columns. This analysis applies to steel tubes with a grade of up to Q890 and concrete with a compressive strength of up to 150 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120041"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field tests and structural performance evaluation of existing reinforced concrete hollow slab beam bridges","authors":"Jing-Lin Xiao ,&nbsp;Yu-Fei Liu ,&nbsp;Hao-Long Feng ,&nbsp;Jian-Guo Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the safety and reliability of common reinforced concrete hollow slab beam bridges through structural performance evaluations is crucial for maintaining highway system functionality, social stability, and economic prosperity. This paper presents field tests and a structural performance evaluation of an existing hollow slab beam bridge. First, a lateral load distribution test was conducted to reveal the lateral load distribution performance of this bridge. Second, a single-beam destructive test was conducted to investigate the structural performance of the hollow slab beams. A modified hinge-connected slab/beam method was presented to estimate the actual stiffnesses of hollow slab beams and hinge joints, revealing the lateral load distribution performance and damage distribution of the bridge. On the basis of the estimated actual stiffnesses and experimental data, the flexural stiffnesses and deflections of hollow slab beams under the serviceability limit state were evaluated. In addition, the applicability of the flexural stiffness formulas in JTG 3362–2018, AASHTO LRFD BDS and EN 1992–2 to the structural performance evaluation of existing bridges was assessed. Moreover, the formulas in these standards were adopted to estimate the bending capacities of hollow slab beams, and their applicability was also discussed. This study offers guidance for evaluating the structural performance of existing concrete bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120128"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homogeneous generalized yield function for ultimate bearing capacity analysis of reinforced concrete arches with rectangular-section","authors":"Wanqing Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;LuFeng Yang ,&nbsp;Jiann-Wen Woody Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The linear-elastic iterative method for reinforced concrete (RC) arches with rectangular-section offers the benefits of straightforward modeling and high computational efficiency. This study presents the homogeneous generalized yield functions (HGYFs) and a linear-elastic iterative method designed to analyze the ultimate bearing capacity of RC arches with rectangular-section, taking into account the <em>P-δ</em> effect. This extends the applicability of the linear-elastic iterative method in RC structures. Initially, the stability coefficient and the magnifying coefficient of bending moment were introduced into the first-order ultimate bearing capacity correlation equation (UBCE). A second-order UBCE, which considers the <em>P-δ</em> effect, was developed for symmetrically reinforced RC eccentric compression medium-length members with rectangular-section in engineering applications. Based on the functional and curve characteristics of these UBCEs, piecewise HGYFs for both first-order and second-order ultimate bearing capacity analysis of symmetrically reinforced RC eccentric compression members were established using a segmentation strategy at the boundary characteristic point. Additionally, adaptive identification criteria for high and low-stressed elements were defined using the element bearing ratio (EBR). The elastic modulus of high-stressed elements was strategically reduced to simulate stiffness degradation in these areas of the RC structure. The elastic modulus reduction method (EMRM) for analyzing the first-order and second-order ultimate bearing capacity of symmetrically reinforced RC arches was proposed, utilizing linear-elastic iterative analysis. Finally, the validity of the proposed method was verified by comparing its results with model tests and the incremental non-linear finite element method (INFEM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120091"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bending performance of an innovative CHS T-joint connecting with ring plates in narrow-based towers","authors":"Wanzhi Zhou,&nbsp;Keying Wang,&nbsp;Ze Ning,&nbsp;Dachang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper introduced an innovative CHS T-joint connecting with ring plates (i.e., CHS-TR) and focused on its bending performance. To analyze the failure mode and bearing capacity, six groups of specimens were designed for testing, including three free extended widths of ring plate and two specifications of brace. Subsequently, the finite element model was established and verified to further analyze the deformation characteristics of the chord and ring plate. Additionally, the influence of diameter-to-thickness of brace <em>γ</em>_b, diameter-to-thickness of chord <em>γ</em>_c, diameter ratio of brace and chord <em>φ</em>, width-to-thickness of ring plate <em>n,</em> axial compression ratio <em>β</em> on the bearing capacity of CHS-TR was further revealed. The research results indicate that CHS-TR exhibits excellent bending performance. The ring plate not only plays a role in force transmission, but also enhances the constraint on the chord. Specifically, the ring plate has a significant effect in the transition regions of −30 °∼-90 ° and 30 °∼90 °. The bearing capacity of CHS-TR is closely related to two failure modes. On the one hand, when both the chord and the ring plate fail, the bearing capacity decreases with the increase of <em>γ</em>_c and <em>β</em>, and increases with the increase of <em>n</em>, regardless of <em>γ</em>_b and <em>φ</em>. On the other hand, if local buckling occurs on the compressive side of the brace, the bearing capacity is inversely proportional to <em>γ</em>_b and directly proportional to <em>φ</em>. Finally, a bearing capacity calculation method of CHS-TR was proposed based on the code.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive stress–strain models of S890 ultra-high strength steel after exposure to fire: Laboratory testing and FE validation","authors":"Jiahao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hua Yang ,&nbsp;Yukai Zhong ,&nbsp;Yuyin Wang ,&nbsp;Andi Su","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reports an experimental and numerical investigation into the residual material properties, local buckling behaviour and predictive stress–strain models of ultra-high strength steels (UHSSs) after exposure to fire. The experimental programme included heating, soaking and cooling of tensile coupons and stub column specimens, post-fire material tests, initial local geometric imperfection measurements and stub column tests on thirteen specimens. The post-fire material properties were obtained and carefully analysed, with a new set of retention factor curves proposed for key material parameters of S890 UHSS after exposure to fire, including Young’s modulus, yield stress, ultimate stress and ultimate strain. On this basis, new stress–strain models with discontinuous and continuous yielding were proposed to predict the stress–strain curves of S890 UHSS after exposed to different elevated temperatures. Subsequently, a numerical modelling programme was carried out, where S890 UHSS circular hollow section stub column finite element models were developed based on the proposed stress–strain models and validated against the test results, demonstrating that the test load–end shortening curves can be precisely captured by the finite element models. It can be concluded that the proposed retention factor curves and predictive stress–strain models can be accurately used for S890 UHSS after exposure to fire up to 1050 °C, offering reliable predictive tools for post-fire structural analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120098"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigations of a timber-concrete composite frame joint for high-rise buildings","authors":"Tim Höltke,&nbsp;Achim Bleicher","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a recently developed joint for timber-concrete composite frames. The developed joint was studied in terms of its ability to transfer bending moments, normal and shear forces resulting in a frame structure under horizontal and vertical loads. Several aspects are taken into account during the development and manufacturing process such as the material-appropriate use and a simple assembly concept. A series of experimental full-scale tests, with extensive measurements, were conducted consisting of five test specimens to investigate the static properties of the joint construction. The focused properties are the bending and rotational capacity as well as a ductile beam-to-column connection. For all specimens beech laminated veneer lumber was used, varying the geometric dimensions of the column and composite beam as well as the concrete strength. In addition to the experimental investigations, a numerical model was developed and validated using local strains, global deformations and rotational stiffness. Relevant numerical input parameters, which were not determined experimentally, were investigated as part of a numerical parameter analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120034"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of high-performing circular tubes of complex cross-sections guided by a single non-dimensional governing parameter","authors":"Zhaoji Li ,&nbsp;T.X. Yu ,&nbsp;Zhaosheng Meng ,&nbsp;Lirong Wan ,&nbsp;Qingliang Zeng ,&nbsp;Dong Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-inspired and hierarchical configurations have been extensively studied to enhance the energy absorption capacity of thin-walled tubes under axial crushing. However, general design guidelines with governing factors remain unclear. Our recent study [Li et al., IJMS 2024] has discovered a single non-dimensional governing parameter <em>ω</em>, which could guide the design of the configuration of high-performing tubes. It was unveiled that the larger the non-dimensional governing parameter <em>ω</em>, the better the performance of tubes under axial crushing. Following the aforementioned study, the present paper strategically proposes a class of circular tubes of complex cross-sections with relatively large magnitudes of <em>ω</em> and investigates them numerically, theoretically and experimentally. Tubes with a reduced diameter of small tubes on ribs without gaps possess larger <em>ω</em> and absorb the most energy among this class of tubes studied. Subsequently, to broaden the application range of theoretical models for the energy absorption of tubes, the effect of solidity ratios is explored. Both configuration (as indicated by <em>ω</em>) and solidity ratio <em>ϕ</em> play dominant roles in the performance of the tubes with complex cross-sections. The expression of effectiveness of energy absorption (<em>EEA</em>) is further expressed as a function of <em>ω</em> and <em>ϕ</em> so that it can be employed to predict the energy absorption characters of tubes with various relative density. The quasi-static axial compressive tests were also conducted and used to validate the numerical and theoretical models as well as the proposed design strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on seismically deficient RC bridge columns strengthened with prestressed vertical Fe-SMA plates and confined with CFRP wraps and UHPFRC jacket","authors":"Adel Al Ekkawi,&nbsp;Raafat El-Hacha","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the experimental investigation of a novel prestressed flexural strengthening system employing Fe-SMA plates utilized vertically on both sides of seismically deficient RC columns to enhance their lateral cyclic response. In addition, passive confinement using CFRP and UHPFRC jackets, alongside the vertical Fe-SMA plates, were incorporated to determine their further effect on Fe-SMA strengthened columns. The study included four columns. One column was strengthened in flexure only using vertical Fe-SMA plates along the column’s potential plastic hinge length. The other two columns also received the same Fe-SMA flexural strengthening system, in addition to CFRP and UHPFRC jacketing, which was applied to each column separately. The last column was left unstrengthened for comparison. The vertical Fe-SMA plates were heated above 250<span><math><mi>℃</mi></math></span> to induce high recovery stresses, averaging around 308.61 MPa, thereby creating vertical prestressing effects on both sides of the columns. A quasi-static lateral cyclic loading was subjected to all columns. The flexural strengthening system employing vertical prestressed Fe-SMA plates successfully increased the column’s lateral strength, displacement ductility, and energy dissipation capacity by 35.32%, 21.33 %, and 72.60 %, respectively. The addition of CFRP and UHPFRC jacketing further increased the aforementioned parameters considerably. Furthermore, the vertical Fe-SMA plates played a major role in improving the column’s recentering ability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 120010"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-active control of vortex-induced vibration in long stay cable based on adaptive compensation sliding mode control","authors":"Chunguang Li ,&nbsp;Xu Chen ,&nbsp;Yan Han ,&nbsp;Bangrong Yuan ,&nbsp;Kai Li ,&nbsp;Peng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increase in cable length, previous studies have shown that long stay cables experience high-mode vortex-induced vibration (VIV) frequently at the normal wind velocities, which are prone to fatigue damage on the anchorage end of the cable. Compared to the limitations posed by passive dampers in multi-mode vibration control, the semi-active magnetorheological (MR) dampers operated by intelligent controllers exhibit superior performance for long stay cables. This paper establishes a time-domain model to solve the VIV response based on the vibration equation of the cable and the coupling equation of the modified wake oscillator. A novel semi-active control strategy is proposed based on the adaptive compensation sliding mode control (ACSMC), which integrates both simple adaptive control (SAC) and sliding mode control (SMC). It dynamically adjusts parameters in real time according to the varying vibration response and then employs a semi-active MR damper to mitigate the VIV responses of long cables. An inverse model of MR damper is developed through the real-time force tracking method. The model determines the command current of MR damper using data from configured displacement and velocity sensors, along with the optimal control force. Finally, the control efficiency and robustness of the proposed control strategy are assessed taking a 454.1 m long stay cable as a numerical simulation. The responses of single-mode and multi-mode VIV are calculated to compare with the optimal passive control and semi-active control based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR). The results demonstrate that the ACSMC-based semi-active control strategy outperforms both the optimal passive control and LQR-based semi-active control. Moreover, the measurement noise of sensors in the control feedback loop, the abrupt change of structure parameters and load conditions have a negligible impact on control performance. The ACSMC-based semi-active control strategy nearly reaches the level of direct active control with minimal feedback requirements, demonstrating its potential in multi-mode vibration control. The strategy proposed can provide reliable support and reference for the semi-active control of long cables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 120094"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of resonance-enhanced magnetoelastic method in the prestress monitoring of PC structures","authors":"Senhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianting Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinyi Chen ,&nbsp;Leng Liao ,&nbsp;Runchuan Xia ,&nbsp;Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prestress provided by prestressed tendons is a critical indicator for evaluating the strength and durability of prestressed concrete (PC) structures. Most PC structures are constructed using post-tensioning techniques. Prestressed tendons, which are encased in narrow ducts, are surrounded by grouting materials, posing a challenge for prestress identification. To address this, the resonance-enhanced magnetoelastic (REME) method was developed for prestress monitoring. By combining magnetic-mechanical coupling theory and coupled-mode theory, the working principle of the REME method was analyzed. Prestress monitoring experiments were conducted on PC beams. The results showed a linear relationship between the prestress of the tendon and the induced voltage of the REME sensor, even in complex electromagnetic environments. Although the grouting material initially influenced the induced voltage, its influence diminished as the hydration reaction neared its end. Due to the sensitivity of the induced voltage-prestress relationship, a self-calibration method was proposed to establish this relationship. In the four-point bending loading, the time-varying prestress was evaluated with an error of less than 2 %. In addition, the REME method was applied to monitor the prestress of a continuous rigid-frame bridge. In the prestress application, the monitoring error was less than 8 % of the design tension. The results of the laboratory experiment and the field test demonstrated that the REME method can monitor the prestress of PC structures, providing a practical and reliable solution for prestress identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120147"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}