Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Synergetic enhancement of shear strength and ductility in reinforced concrete beams using FRP-UHPC stay-in-place formwork","authors":"Ke-Fan Weng ,&nbsp;Ji-Xiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Bo-Tao Huang ,&nbsp;Jian-Guo Dai ,&nbsp;Jian-Fei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the shear performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams enhanced by Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) stay-in-place permanent formwork. Twelve composite beams were fabricated and experimentally evaluated to understand the effects of various factors, including the shear span-to-depth ratio (1.57 <em>vs.</em> 2.52), fiber types in UHPC (steel <em>vs.</em> polyethylene fibers), and reinforcement using CFRP bars. The failure mechanisms and crack evolution were closely monitored using digital image correlation (DIC). Results revealed exceptional bonding performance between the FRP-UHPC formwork and cast-in-place concrete. Compared to control beams, the use of FRP-UHPC formwork significantly enhanced shear capacity by 40–65 %, accompanied by notable improvements in initial stiffness and post-crack stiffness. The integration of CFRP bars into the UHPC formwork effectively suppressed shear crack propagation, resulting in increased shear strength and controlled crack widths. Remarkably, a ductile shear failure mode was observed for the first time in composite beams (RU25-ST and RU25-ST-F), contrasting with conventional brittle shear failures. A theoretical analysis approach was proposed and validated, offering accurate predictions for the shear capacity of FRP-UHPC formwork-enhanced RC beams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121453"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent assessment method of progressive collapse resistance of corroded latticed shell structures considering time-varying effect","authors":"Bing-Bing San ,&nbsp;Gao-Ke Ren ,&nbsp;Zhi-Wei Shan ,&nbsp;Ye Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-layer latticed shells feature high load-transfer efficiency and flexible modeling, making them a commonly used roof structure form in large public buildings such as gymnasiums and airport terminals. However, in recent years, accidents of progressive collapse of roof structures have occurred frequently, and the corrosion problem of structures during long-term service is one of the main causes of such accidents. Taking the K8-type spherical latticed shell as the research object, this paper considers the time-varying effect of corrosion, defines the latticed shell collapse criterion coefficient and collapse resistance degradation coefficient based on displacement response, and uses these coefficients to evaluate the progressive collapse resistance of the latticed shell and the degree of structural performance degradation under the influence of corrosion. The verified numerical simulation method is used to carry out the parametric analysis of the progressive collapse resistance of the corroded latticed shell. The results indicate that the progressive collapse resistance of latticed shells deteriorates with increasing service time. For a 40 m span shell, the resistance decreases by 70.2 % after 50 years compared to the uncorroded case, and progressive collapse occurs after 60 years. With the expansion of the corrosion area, the collapse resistance initially decreases and then tends to stabilize. The location of initial failure, shell geometry, and load distribution all strongly influence the deterioration of the latticed shell’s collapse resistance. On this basis, the data set of the deep feedforward neural network is generated, and the intelligent evaluation model of the progressive collapse resistance of the corroded latticed shell is established, which can accurately and efficiently predict the progressive collapse resistance of the corroded K8 latticed shells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121477"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial compression behavior and stress–strain modeling of CFRP-confined square RC columns with varying anchor configurations","authors":"Zhengxie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yonglai Zheng ,&nbsp;Tanbo Pan ,&nbsp;Chenyu Hou ,&nbsp;Xin Lan ,&nbsp;Xubing Xu ,&nbsp;Liangqin Wu ,&nbsp;Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Yubao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has emerged as an effective material for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structures due to its high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and ease of installation. However, in square or rectangular RC columns, stress concentrations at corners hinder the development of uniform confinement, thereby reducing strengthening efficiency. This study presents a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation into the performance of CFRP-confined RC square columns with varying anchor configurations. Six full-scale column specimens were tested under monotonic axial compression, each externally wrapped with one layer of CFRP sheet and installed with zero to four CFRP anchors. All columns were chamfered with a 30 mm radius to mitigate corner stress concentrations. The experimental results demonstrated that CFRP anchors significantly enhanced load-bearing capacity and ductility, improved lateral confinement, and modified the failure mechanisms. The specimen with three anchors exhibited optimal performance, with a 51.5 % increase in peak load (from 879.9 kN to 1333.2 kN) and a 29.9 % improvement in ductility index compared to the unconfined control. The failure mode transitioned from brittle global instability to ductile localized damage, accompanied by more uniform hoop strain distribution. However, excessive anchoring introduced stress interference and local cracking, leading to performance degradation. To characterize the mechanical response, a modified stress–strain model was developed, incorporating a reduction factor to account for confinement weakening caused by anchor installation. The model exhibited strong agreement with experimental data (R² &gt; 87 %) in predicting both peak and ultimate stresses. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanical enhancement mechanisms of CFRP anchoring systems and offers a rational design basis for strengthening non-circular RC columns in structural rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121456"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pore water freezing on the natural frequency of concrete girder bridges","authors":"Yao Zhang ,&nbsp;Guitao Li ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural frequencies and modal shapes are critical parameters in bridge health monitoring, yet their sensitivity to environmental factors, particularly temperature and freezing, complicates evaluations. This study presents a framework for quantitatively assessing how pore-water freezing affects the effective modulus and natural frequencies of concrete girder bridges. Concrete is modeled as a multi-phase particle-reinforced composite, with the matrix obtained through homogenization of the solid phases, and pores filled with air, water, or ice as inclusions. Using composite mechanics and the Mori-Tanaka method, a predictive model with ice content is introduced, from which practical bounds for the effective modulus and natural frequencies under freezing conditions are derived. Validation through laboratory tests, scaled bridge model experiments, and field measurements shows excellent agreement between theory and experiment. The substantial increase in concrete’s elastic modulus caused by pore-water freezing markedly elevates the natural frequencies of concrete bridges, with the temperature at which this jump occurs depending on the lowest temperature previously experienced. This framework offers theoretical derivations and practical guidelines for improving safety assessment, design, and maintenance of concrete girder bridges in cold climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121432"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on pressure prediction of complex wind pressure measuring points in typical structures based on artificial intelligence","authors":"Cheng Pei ,&nbsp;Mingjie Li ,&nbsp;Cunming Ma ,&nbsp;Qingkuan Liu ,&nbsp;Jingyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In wind tunnel testing, pressure gauges are typically used to measure wind pressure distribution. However, in areas with complex geometric shapes, arranging pressure measurement points is often challenging. It is worth noting that these regions with significant geometric variations exhibit highly complex wind pressure fluctuations (usually non-Gaussian), which are crucial for structural wind resistance design and make them key observation points. To address this issue, this study aims to propose a method that combines modal decomposition and deep learning to accurately predict wind pressure data for difficult to measure observation points using measurements from surrounding pressure taps. Wind tunnel tests were conducted on typical structures such as large-span roof structures, bridges, and high-rise buildings, and the proposed method was validated using experimental results. Taking skewness prediction as an example, the research results show that the Bi-weighted POD-CNN-LSTM method is superior to other methods, with a mean square error (MSE) range of 0.24–0.26 and a correlation coefficient (R) range of 0.9115–0.924. This technology can be widely applied to various wind tunnel tests, improving its applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121394"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-off between post-earthquake serviceability and energy dissipation capacity in RC rocking walls","authors":"Abouzar Jafari ,&nbsp;Afshin Naserpour ,&nbsp;Ying Zhou ,&nbsp;Rajesh P. Dhakal","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inherent limitation of self-centering structural systems in dissipating seismic energy necessitates the use of energy dissipators (ED) as sacrificial elements. While this solution enhances the energy dissipation capacity of self-centering systems, it also challenges their post-earthquake serviceability. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of the <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> ratio (defined as the ratio of the moment due to EDs to the combined moments due to gravity loads and post-tensioning forces) on the response of reinforced concrete (RC) rocking walls and establishes an allowable range of <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> ratios to ensure optimal post-earthquake serviceability and performance. A series of validated parametric numerical models for low- to high-rise RC rocking walls (aspect ratios (ARs) between 2.5 and 10) were developed. Multi-objective optimization was then conducted to maximize energy dissipation capacity (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ξ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>eq</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>≥0.08) while minimizing <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> to enhance post-earthquake serviceability. The optimization results demonstrated a trade-off: lower <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> ratios improve self-centering but increase transient inter-story drift and peak floor accelerations (PFAs), particularly under the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) hazard level, risking non-structural elements damage. Conversely, higher <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> ratios reduce drift and PFAs due to enhanced energy dissipation, but may increase residual drift, leading to potential permanent deformations. To determine the allowable range for <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> ratios, the optimization results were post-processed for post-earthquake serviceability evaluation based on serviceability acceptance criteria, derived from snapback and nonlinear time history analyses. The study found that walls with lower aspect ratios (particularly in mid- to high-rise walls) require fewer post-tensioned (PT) tendons due to gravity-driven self-centering. In contrast, walls with higher aspect ratios necessitate adjustments in the placement and sizing of EDs and PT tendons to maintain performance. The results revealed that exceeding a threshold <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> ratio leads to excessive residual drift, compromising self-centering capability. The allowable <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> ratio, ranging from 0.31 to 1.45, was found to depend on the wall height, aspect ratio, and post-earthquake serviceability considerations. The range of allowable <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> ratios was found to be: low-rise (AR 2.5: 0.31–1.22; AR 5: 1.05–1.45), mid-rise (AR 5: 0.30–1.30; AR 7.5: 0.63–1.35), and high-rise (AR 7.5: 0.48–1.25; AR 10: 0.83–1.15).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121425"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved progressive collapse resistant behavior of steel beam - CFST column connections with energy-dissipating rebars","authors":"Haokun Liu,&nbsp;J.Y. Richard Liew,&nbsp;Shan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Progressive collapse is a critical failure mode in framed structures, particularly when a ground-level column fails. Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are widely used in multi-story and high-rise buildings due to their high axial load-bearing capacity and ease of construction. Fully bolted splice connections between CFST columns and steel beams eliminate the need for high-altitude welding, making them a preferred choice for high-rise structures. However, the presence of splice plates and bolt holes can weaken the connection and reduce its ductility to progressive collapse. This study investigated the progressive collapse resistance of CFST column–steel beam sub-assemblages with fully bolted splice connections through experimental testing and numerical simulations. On this basis, a ductility-enhanced connection was proposed by incorporating energy-dissipating rebars (EDBs) into the splice connection. The EDBs are installed using a series of screw nuts, eliminating the need for welding. The performance of the improved connection was compared with a conventional bolted connection through both physical testing and finite element analysis. Results indicate that the vertical load resistance of the beam-column sub-assemblage progresses through distinct stages, including the friction phase and tensile catenary action. The sub-assemblage reaches peak resistance upon the fracture of the bottom cover plate. Recommendation to enhance the connection performance is given with respect to the ratio of the net section plastic modulus of the cover plates to the I-beam section. Incorporating EDBs shifts plastic deformation away from the bolt hole region, delaying bottom cover plate fracture and enhancing connection ductility. The effectiveness of EDBs is influenced by their cross-sectional area and layout. Maximum ductility is achieved by symmetrically positioning two EDBs at the top and bottom of the beam on each side of the beam web. These findings provide valuable insights for improving the resilience of CFST structures against progressive collapse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121435"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature field simulation method and average temperature prediction on main cables of suspension bridges","authors":"Haiying Ma ,&nbsp;Shuai Zou ,&nbsp;Yuqing Gao ,&nbsp;Ye Xia ,&nbsp;Yanan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve real-time prediction of the average temperature of main cable cross-section (ATMCS) of a suspension bridge, this paper first theoretically derived the key factors causing the deviation when using the arithmetic mean value of the outermost temperatures (AMVST) of main cable cross-section as the predicted value of ATMCS. Subsequently, a refined numerical simulation method for sunshine temperature fields of bridge structures is employed to simulate the sunshine temperature field of main cables. Based on this foundation, quantitative analyses are conducted, and a modified formula for AMVST was derived through parameter fitting and generalization. The results show that this modified formula effectively reduces the deviation, thereby enabling real-time prediction of ATMCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121433"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced in-plane impact characteristics of a novel circular-reinforced sinusoidal honeycomb","authors":"Baozhen Wang ,&nbsp;Xuekai Feng ,&nbsp;Xutao Wu ,&nbsp;Zeng Meng ,&nbsp;Gang Dong ,&nbsp;Jian Ding ,&nbsp;Qiaoguo Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Curved-wall auxetic honeycombs show significant potential for alleviating stress concentrations and enhancing energy absorption. In this study, a novel circular-reinforced sinusoidal honeycomb (CRSH) was developed by reinforcing the nodes of a conventional sinusoidal honeycomb (SH) with circular rings. Finite element models were validated through quasi-static compression tests on 3D-printed CRSH and SH specimens. The influence of three dimensionless parameters (<span><math><mover><mi>a</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>, <span><math><mover><mi>t</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>, and <span><math><mover><mi>r</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>) on the in-plane performance of CRSH was systematically assessed across a broad range of impact velocities. As velocity increases, CRSH transitions from a five-stage deformation mode to a four-stage mode, and finally to a three-stage mode. Theoretical models were developed to predict two plateau stresses under low-velocity impacts and one plateau stress under high-velocity impacts, showing good agreement with the simulated results. Compared with geometrically equivalent circular-reinforced quadrilateral honeycomb (CRQH) and SH, CRSH exhibits a strong auxetic effect, more stable plateau stresses, and higher specific energy absorption (SEA). Under low-velocity impacts, CRSH shows 70.14 % higher SEA than CRQH and 131.01 % than SH. This advantage persists at medium velocities, with SEA exceeding CRQH by 26.09 % and SH by 110.92 %, and even at high velocities, CRSH maintains a 24.43 % advantage over SH. Parametric analyses reveal that reducing <span><math><mover><mi>a</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span> while increasing <span><math><mover><mi>t</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span> and <span><math><mover><mi>r</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span> can optimize SEA, ensuring CRSH’s competitiveness under high-velocity impacts. Its tunable impact performance and multi-plateau mechanism make CRSH particularly well-suited for adaptive energy absorption applications in aerospace, automotive safety, and defense systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121430"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical, experimental and numerical study on mechanical properties of innovative PSRC floor","authors":"Wenkang Wang ,&nbsp;Shuting Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zhu ,&nbsp;Jian Yang ,&nbsp;Tiancheng Han ,&nbsp;Yiwei Xu ,&nbsp;Yinjie Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presented a novel prestressed steel reinforced concrete floor (PSRCF) structure designed for heavy-load and large-span applications. The mechanical properties of PSRCF, including cracking load, flexural capacity, and shear strength, were investigated through theoretical analysis, static load tests, and finite element method (FEM) simulations. Results indicated that PSRCF failed primarily in flexure, exhibiting excellent ductility and load-bearing capacity. The stiffness ratio method effectively predicted cracking load, showing a 6.06 % deviation from experimental values, while the partial superposition method provided the most accurate flexural capacity calculation (5.01 % error). Stirrups within the floor showed negligible influence on PSRCF's flexural capacity. Both straight and curved prestressed tendons enhanced the cracking load and peak load of the PSRCF. Specifically, the straight tendons increased the cracking load and peak load by 2.26 % and 4.85 %, respectively, while the curved tendons provided more substantial enhancements of 61.35 % and 38.62 %, respectively. The prestressing level significantly influenced the upward deflection and cracking load of the PSRCF. When the prestressing level increased from 0.4 to 0.75, the midspan upward deflection increased by 122.53 %, while the cracking load and yield load increased by 82.16 % and 5.12 %, respectively. However, the peak load was not significantly affected. For PSRCF designs, it was recommend adopting reinforcement and steel ratios close to the code-specified lower limits. PSRCF exhibited ample shear strength and typically failed in flexure, eliminating the need for excessive stirrups in support areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121445"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}