Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic responses and seismic loss assessment of self-centering frames under pulse-like ground motions","authors":"Boyang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao Lu ,&nbsp;Longhe Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-fault ground motions (NFGMs) are characterized by significant velocity pulses, which pose a heightened seismic risk to structures and have garnered increasing attention in recent years. However, quantitative research on the seismic loss of self-centering structures under NFGMs remains limited. The study systematically investigated the dynamic responses, damage states, and post-earthquake seismic loss of self-centering friction frames subjected to NFGMs with varying normalized pulse periods (<em>T</em>_p/<em>T</em>₁). A five-story self-centering friction frame is designed, and a simplified numerical analysis model is developed using the finite element software MSC.Marc. A total of 8 sets of NFGMs, with <em>T</em>_p/<em>T</em>₁ ratios ranging from 0.5 to 6, are selected for analysis. Incremental dynamic analysis is conducted to quantify the influence of <em>T</em>_p/<em>T</em>₁ on the self-centering frame’s dynamic responses, damage states, and seismic loss. The results reveal that as the intensity of ground motion increases, the normalized pulse period that most adversely affects the inter-story drift ratio and structural damage also tends to rise. Additionally, NFGMs with a <em>T</em>_p/<em>T</em>₁ ratio of 0.5 are more likely to induce higher-order vibration modes of the self-centering frame at low seismic intensity. When seismic loss is used as the seismic performance indicator, NFGMs with <em>T</em>_p/<em>T</em>₁ of between 2 and 4 are found to cause the most significant seismic loss of the self-centering frame.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120246"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-adjusting configuration control method for diagonal cable truss structures using deep learning technology","authors":"Xuanzhi Li ,&nbsp;Suduo Xue ,&nbsp;Guojun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cable truss structures are composed of edge cables and internal connection members. A common design involves internal members arranged in a continuous oblique pattern, which is efficiently employed in long-span space structures. This configuration primarily governs the equilibrium of free nodes through the curve of the edge cables. However, manually adjusting the prestress to align with the edge cable shape is challenging due to the variable skew angles of the internal members. To address this, this paper proposes a deep learn method to establish a mapping relationship among the edge cable curve, the coordinates of the free nodes, and the prestress distribution. The force density distribution is automatically adjusted by comparing the coordinates of the free nodes with the edge cable shape. Based on the curve characteristics of the edge cable, the polynomial power function is fitted using the least squares method. A deep neural network model with four hidden layers and Adam optimizer, using constrained node coordinates as input and force density distribution as output, successfully achieved the rational configuration of several typical diagonal cable truss structures. The edge cable shape of each cable truss can be controlled by automatically adjusting its configuration. This method is suitable for cable trusses with complex space topology and achieves a high degree of automation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120184"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical analysis of quasi-static and dynamic perforation of hierarchical AAC core composite sandwich panels","authors":"Amirreza Yari ,&nbsp;Hamed Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Ehsan Pedram ,&nbsp;Gholamhossein Liaghat ,&nbsp;Ali Rezanejad ,&nbsp;Neil Fellows","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for lightweight, economical, and durable materials has generated heightened interest in using cementitious materials to construct composite sandwich panels (CSPs). Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), a fundamental component in the construction industry due to its lightness, low cost, sound insulation, shock absorbent, and fire and corrosion resistance, is an efficient candidate for CSP. This paper offers a thorough experimental and numerical examination of AAC-based hierarchical multicore CSPs under quasi-static indentation and high-velocity impact (HVI) loading. Three panel configurations, including single-core, double-core, and triple-core, were constructed by thermosetting, utilizing woven E/glass fiber fabric sheets and AAC cores. Thereafter, experiments were tested to evaluate their energy absorption and perforation behavior. Experimental findings demonstrated that double-core panels displayed superior specific energy absorption (SEA) load-bearing capability under quasi-static and HVI loading conditions, surpassing single and triple-core configurations. The principal energy absorption methods comprised core crushing, fiber pull-out, and delamination, which were affected by the core topology and face sheet thickness. Numerical simulations by LS-DYNA were validated logically versus experimental results with deviations around 10 %, affirming the efficacy of the FEM in accurately representing damage responses and failure mechanisms. This work illustrates that multicore AAC-based CSPs provide superior structural performance and impact resistance, especially in arrangements featuring several cores. The results offer significant insights into the design of lightweight, impact-resistant composite structures for use in aerospace, defense, and construction sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120121"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradient-based algorithmic cross-frame cross-section optimization for skewed steel I-girder integral abutment bridge deck placement response","authors":"Nisha Sthapit,&nbsp;Jesus Amaro,&nbsp;Siang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel I-girder integral abutment bridges (IABs) often have fixed bearings during construction, which can induce considerable flange lateral bending response during deck placement when the bridges are skewed, especially at cross-frames near girder ends. Cross-frames are important load-carrying members for skewed bridge construction; however, they are often designed using standardized uniform cross-sections across a bridge after considering all pertinent load cases. In lieu of traditionally-used iterative design processes that rely on engineering judgements, this study adopted an algorithmic approach to optimize cross-frame cross-sections as a practical, efficient, and reliable solution to refine load distribution and reduce flange lateral bending stress for skewed steel I-girder IABs during deck placement. Gradient-based Method of Moving Asymptotes was used to optimize an IAB considering skew variations between 15º-60°. The bridges were simulated for deck placement with 3D models in CSI Bridge, using modeling strategies verified with existing field measurements and 3D models in ABAQUS (validated in prior research). The optimization achieved around 20 % decrease for peak bottom and top flange lateral bending stresses (the objective function), while the total cross-frame volume (the constraint) decreased by about 30 % for all bridges. Bridge cross-section stiffness and cross-frame slenderness ratio satisfied design requirements after optimization, and girder movement had only slight changes. The adopted optimization approach provided insights on lateral bending response of skewed IABs during deck placement – optimization was generally achieved by reducing cross-sections of the first intermediate cross-frames (where stress concentrates for the original designs) to redistribute lateral load internally, while original bridges with various skew had different optimized designs due to their differences in stress distribution. Based on the application presented in this paper, the proposed algorithmic approach can be implemented to optimize other structural designs with appropriate definition of parameters, objective functions, and constraints, especially to solve structural problems with response concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of energy-absorbing parameters for train crash energy management using a variable-fidelity neural network surrogate model","authors":"Jiaxing He ,&nbsp;Ping Xu ,&nbsp;Jie Xing ,&nbsp;Shuguang Yao ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Train crash energy management is a design technique used to improve the safety performance of trains in collision accidents. It reduces the impact force during a collision and protects the safety of passengers through the appropriate configuration of energy-absorbing parameters. In order to balance the computational efficiency of existing one-dimensional (1D) models and the simulation accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) models, this paper established a variable-fidelity surrogate model (VFSM) based on a neural network to optimize the energy-absorbing parameters of the train. A Long Short-Term Memory network with Motion Constraints (LSTM-MC) was constructed to predict the collision curve of the train. Then, the pre-training results of the 1D low-fidelity model (LFM) were transferred to the 3D high-fidelity model (HFM) using transfer learning. Two verified cases show that the proposed VFSM achieves high prediction accuracy for the displacement, velocity, and acceleration curves of the train, with the peak acceleration error within 10 %. Finally, the energy-absorbing parameters were optimized with the goal of minimizing the acceleration. The optimization results show that there is no significant surge in the impact force of the train, and the peak acceleration is about 3.4 g.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120242"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-fire behaviour of wire arc additively manufactured ER70S-6 steel","authors":"Jin Li ,&nbsp;Ke Jiang ,&nbsp;Man-Tai Chen ,&nbsp;Ou Zhao ,&nbsp;Leroy Gardner","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a metal 3D printing technique through which parts are built up in a layer-upon-layer fashion using metal wire and a welding arc. This paper presents an experimental programme to investigate the residual mechanical properties of WAAM ER70S-6 steel after exposure to elevated temperatures. A total of thirty-six tensile coupons were extracted from as-built WAAM plates fabricated using ER70S-6 feedstock wire, with two nominal thicknesses of 3 mm and 8 mm, two coupon extraction orientations (i.e. parallel and perpendicular to the layer deposition direction) and eight exposure temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 1000 °C. The geometric features of the WAAM steel coupons were captured via 3D scanning, while their stress–strain curves and residual material properties after exposure to elevated temperatures were obtained through tensile testing. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the fracture surfaces of the tested coupons with different plate thicknesses and exposure temperatures. On the basis of the experimental results, a new set of retention factor curves was proposed to predict the post-fire material properties of WAAM ER70S-6 steel and shown to result in accurate predictions of Young’s modulus, yield stress, ultimate stress, ultimate strain and fracture strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel seismic-resistant reconstruction technique for fair-face rubblestone masonry","authors":"Marialuigia Sangirardi ,&nbsp;Stefano De Santis ,&nbsp;Ivan Roselli ,&nbsp;Domenico Liberatore ,&nbsp;Gianmarco de Felice","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After destructive earthquakes reconstruction is sometimes preferable over repair. In historic centres, this requires a wise balance between safety and compatibility with urban context, where the preservation of the fair face of masonry façades is an invaluable architectural asset. This paper proposes an innovative technology for the reconstruction of fair-face rubblestone masonry, consisting in a two-leaf structure. The internal leaf is made of reinforced hollow-clay masonry, and provides seismic resistance. The external leaf is built in fair-face rubblestone masonry, consistently with the pre-existing façade, possibly using the stones recovered from debris, avoiding their disposal and the supply of new materials. A glass fibre reinforced polymer mesh is laid in the bed joints, connecting the two leaves and preventing the disintegration of rubble masonry. The technique was validated through shake table tests on a full-scale prototype subject to out-of-plane vertical bending under natural seismic inputs. The prototype withstood earthquake motions nearly three times as intense as those recorded during the destructive 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence, the maximum base acceleration being 1.7 g. Apart from limited hairline cracks, no signs of rubblestone disintegration or leaf separation were detected, measured relative displacements were less than 1 mm, and no residual deformations were detected. Design criteria are provided to allow the implementation of the proposed technology in post-earthquake reconstruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120210"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams subjected to natural corrosion in marine environment","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Wei-Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Jiang ,&nbsp;Feng Wu ,&nbsp;Jun-Li Qiu ,&nbsp;Rui-Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Nai-Hao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an experimental investigation and analytical estimation of 26-year-old naturally corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams in a marine environment. The flexural performance of eight beams was evaluated through four-point and three-point bending tests. Corroded steel bars were extracted after loading test to construct geometric morphologies and to determine the corrosion degree using 3D laser scanning technique. Experimental results indicated that reinforcement corrosion in a natural environment exhibited significant longitudinal non-uniformity, generally following a pattern of being more severe at mid-span and less severe towards the ends. The non-uniform corrosion along the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement might lead to the failure occurring at non-critical cross-sections of the specimen. Additionally, the difference in corrosion among different longitudinal reinforcements could result in premature fracture of severely corroded rebars, causing stress redistribution among the remaining rebars. Consequently, a multi-stage characteristic was observed in load-deflection curves and the cross-section where failure occurs may shift to a new location. Thereafter, the calculation results using a simplified failure mode-based method for bending bearing capacity of normal cross-section of RC beams matched well with the test results. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the degradation mechanisms of naturally corroded RC beams and provides valuable insights for the design and maintenance of coastal and marine infrastructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120248"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning empowered failure criterion of fiber-reinforced polymer composite","authors":"Xiaomeng Wang ,&nbsp;Juan Zhang ,&nbsp;Michal Petru ,&nbsp;Guozheng Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate failure prediction is crucial for the reliable design and optimization of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites (FRPCs), as the complex interactions among fiber, matrix materials and interface pose significant challenges to traditional failure criteria. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel Data-Augmented Sparse Identification (DASI) framework based on 2D plane-stress states that integrates autoencoders, sparse identification, and intelligent safety factor methodologies. This framework leverages test data from 212 specimens to effectively identify and quantify the critical factors controlling the failure of FRPCs, enhancing prediction accuracy and robustness beyond the capabilities of conventional approaches. The inclusion of an intelligent safety factor, which offers a dynamic constraint to the DASI failure criterion, helps enhance safety margins while optimizing material utilization. The validation of the DASI failure criterion through numerical simulations of perforated and notched FRPC laminates demonstrates its superior ability to predict the failure behavior of FRPCs, confirming its potential for practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120217"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep reinforcement learning based performance optimization of hybrid system for base-isolated structure and shape memory alloy-inerter","authors":"Chunxiang Li ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Hang Pan ,&nbsp;Liyuan Cao ,&nbsp;Qingsong Guan ,&nbsp;Zhao-Dong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismicity in the regions of high seismic intensity poses substantial challenges to engineering structures, particularly to traditional base isolation systems (BIS). BIS will exhibit the excessive displacement of isolation layer during infrequent, high-magnitude seismic events. The system that integrates shape memory alloy inerter (SMAI) with BIS proposed by the authors of this article is one of the advanced control strategies to address the above-mentioned limitation of BIS. In order to well bolster the seismic resilience of the BIS+SMAI system, the present paper proposes an efficient optimization methodology of the BIS+SMAI system using different DRL algorithms, including deep Q-networks (DQN), deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), and soft actor-critic (SAC), which are adept at navigating complex, high-dimensional problems. Employing different DRL algorithms, a comprehensive evaluation on the optimization performance of the BIS+SMAI system has been made under near-field non-pulse, near-field pulse, and far-field seismic waves, respectively. The results demonstrate that in the optimization, DRL surpasses the particle swarm optimization (PSO) in efficiency, specifically with DDPG having swift convergence and SAC having stability, but with the discretization of DQN detracting from its optimization precise. In the optimization damping performance, the DRL-optimized BIS+SMAI system can significantly reduce displacement of isolation layer, and surpasses the effectiveness of traditional BIS and other hybrid systems [BIS+SMA and BIS+the tuned inerter damper (TID)]. In the meanwhile, the optimized BIS+SMAI system demonstrates consistent performance across a range of seismic events, including near-field non-pulse, near-field pulse, and far-field seismic waves. Therefore, the BIS+SMAI through DDPG and SAC optimization presents a promising approach for ensuring greater safety and stability of structures against seismic threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120244"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}