Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Seismic performance of hybrid RC frame-masonry structures based on shaking table testing","authors":"Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xun Guo ,&nbsp;Xuechun Liu ,&nbsp;Fu He","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid reinforced frame-masonry (HFM) building structures are widely used in China and East Asia. However, they have been observed to sustain significant damage during recent earthquakes, where the confined masonry elements incur severe failures while the frame elements remain largely intact. This failure phenomenon results from the simplification of HFM structures as frame-only systems in seismic design, which neglects the actual behavior and failure mechanisms of these structures. To address this issue, a 1/4 scale specimen representing a typical HFM structure was tested on shaking table to analyze its seismic behavior. The experimental results indicate that, when subjected to seismic events, the confined masonry components fail in shear at relatively small displacements, which leads to a substantial reduction in the lateral stiffness of the structure. Subsequently, damage is observed in the frame columns and transverse infill walls, ultimately culminating in collapse once the transverse walls incur severe damage. At a 0.2 g ground acceleration, the seismic shear force in the confined masonry grid was found to be 63 times greater than that in the frame grid. At 0.5 g ground acceleration, the frame and masonry grids exhibited similar lateral displacement phases. This indicates that, despite misalignment between the center of stiffness and center of mass, the torsional effects were greatly constrained by the transverse walls. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the lateral load-resisting components of HFM structures be defined by their damage states, rather than by column grid divisions alone. These results provide valuable insights into the seismic vulnerability and failure mechanisms of HFM structures, highlighting the need for improved seismic assessment and design methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure modes of self-compacting concrete beams reinforced with discarded steel fiber under fire conditions","authors":"Saif K. Mezzal ,&nbsp;Zaid Al-Azzawi ,&nbsp;Khalid B. Najim","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents results from an experimental systematic study on the fire behavior of high-strength self-compacting concrete (HSCC) beams strengthened with discarded steel fibers (DSF). The current program focuses on the comparison between the structural behavior of tested beams at ambient temperature with <strong>(i)</strong> furnace-heated beams at the temperature of 600 °C for 60 min (steady-state), and <strong>(ii)</strong> beams exposed to combined thermo-mechanical loading (fire scenario). For unheated beams, it was found that using 1 % of the DSF converts failure mode from the shear into the flexural failure even in the absence of stirrups, indicating a significant enhancement in the shear strength. At 600°C, there was a clear decrease in the ultimate strength of test beams as they retained only about 69 % of the initial strength. Structural testing revealed that FRHSCC beams were able to sustain the applied load without failure for 85 min of fire exposure, even after the temperature at rebar exceeds 400°C. Finally, beams tested under thermo-mechanical loading showed a significant deterioration in flexural strength while the furnace-heated beams showed a greater loss in shear resistance under monotonic loading. In light of this, it was concluded that furnace-heated beams did not show the real behavior of the fire scenarios. In view of the results, it can be concluded that the strengthening of HSCC beams with DSF can be an effective solution, through increasing fire resistance by above 32 % and increasing residual strength by almost 25 % compared to the beams without fiber. However, it was found that elevated temperature (under fire conditions), beyond 600°C, significantly degrades the positive effect of fibers in improving the mechanical and structural properties of concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120198"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel cable-pulley based self-centering energy dissipation (CP-SCED) brace for seismic induced damage mitigation of RC double-column bridge piers","authors":"Huailei Qin ,&nbsp;Gabriele Milani ,&nbsp;Kaiming Bi ,&nbsp;Huihui Dong ,&nbsp;Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative cable-pulley based self-centering energy dissipation (CP-SCED) brace with adjustable hysteresis parameters is proposed in the present study. It is designed to control seismic induced damages to engineering structures, with the aim of balancing different damage indicators for the structure. The proposed CP-SCED brace consists of a self-centering system, an external friction energy dissipation system and a cable-pulley system. The corresponding purposes are to provide self-restoring force, dissipating energy, and adjusting post-yield stiffness, respectively. The overall configuration, working mechanism and restoring-force model of this brace are first introduced. A simplified specimen is designed, manufactured and tested to validate the analytical model. Parametric studies are conducted to explore the influences of the key brace parameters on the hysteretic performance. Subsequently, the brace is applied to an RC double-column bridge pier, and system-level parametric analyses are carried out to evaluate the roles of different brace design parameters. Based on which, optimal parameters are recommended and verified. Finally, a ‘partial self-centering’ CP-SCED brace, which allows for certain static residual deformation, is identified as suitable for achieving a reasonable balance between the peak and residual deformations of the structure. Compared to the bare pier, the average peak and residual drift ratios are reduced by 66.14 % and 91.55 %, respectively. Moreover, the average base shear force of bridge piers with the brace recommended in this study is 93.22 % of that of piers with traditional SCED braces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel semiactive electromagnetic seismic isolation system","authors":"Ging-Long Lin,&nbsp;Ming-Bin Chang,&nbsp;Jian-Zuo Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although conventional seismic isolation systems are effective, they have difficulty handling both near-fault ground motion with long-period velocity pulses and far-field motion because they have fixed damping. Seismic isolation systems with variable damping could solve this problem. This study developed a novel semiactive electromagnetic seismic isolation system (SA-EMSIS) with real-time damping ratio control. The SA-EMSIS consists of an electromagnetic seismic isolation system (EMSIS) and a module including a controllable resistor that affects the EMSIS’s damping ratio. A series of shaking table tests were performed to confirm the high performance of the device. In open-loop control experiments, the resistance of the module was controlled in real time, in turn affecting the SA-EMSIS damping ratio. Moreover, a closed-loop switching control experiment was conducted, successfully increasing the damping ratio of the SA-EMSIS under near-field ground motion, which simultaneously reduced the displacement and acceleration responses of the isolation system. In addition, the results of the developed mathematical model were consistent with the experimental results, verifying the accuracy of both the theoretical model and the experiment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in graphene origami-enabled auxetic metamaterial structures","authors":"Jinlong Yang,&nbsp;Shaoyu Zhao,&nbsp;Jie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical metamaterials (MMs) have garnered significant attention in recent years owing to their extraordinary mechanical properties that cannot be found in natural materials. As a distinctive class of MMs, graphene origami-enabled auxetic metamaterials (GOEAMs) offer unique advantages over traditional MMs and possess materials properties that are independent of complicated architecture or topology. Since its concept was first proposed in 2021, this emerging field has quickly attracted the attention from many researchers who have carried out extensive studies on the design and analysis of various GOEAM structures. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review and systematic discussion on the state-of-the-art in this emerging field, beginning with a brief introduction of origami as well as the mechanical and physical properties of graphene and graphene origami (GOri). Subsequently, the modelling framework of GOEAMs and the commonly employed approaches for predicting their effective material properties are reviewed. This is followed by detailed discussions on the structural responses, including bending, buckling, postbuckling and free vibration of various GOEAM structures under different loading conditions. The article also identifies current challenges and future research directions, offering valuable insights into the future development and practical engineering applications of GOEAM based structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120203"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic behaviour of sandwich panel-reinforced concrete composite slabs under low-velocity impact","authors":"Kun Liu ,&nbsp;Zhi-Yue You ,&nbsp;Mohamed Elchalakani ,&nbsp;Shao-Bo Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the low-velocity impact response of sandwich panel-reinforced concrete composite slabs through drop hammer tests and numerical simulations. The force-time history, displacement-time history, failure modes, and strain development were analysed to reveal the effects of the protective layer, impact energy, and reinforcement ratio on the dynamic behaviour of composite slabs. Test results revealed that the sandwich panel significantly mitigated shear failure in the reinforced concrete slab. Compared to the reinforced concrete slab, composite slabs developed reduced peak forces and deformations under impact of the same energy. A higher impact energy resulted in increased deformations and damage to the slabs, with the failure mode transforming from bending failure to a combination of bending and punching shear failures. Composite slabs with larger reinforcement ratios could develop greater impact resistances. Furthermore, finite element models were developed for composite slabs under impact. Numerical results show that the sandwich panel develops a cushioning effect and absorbs a large portion of the impact energy initially. Parametric studies reveal that compared to increasing the reinforcement diameter, increasing the reinforcement ratio by reducing the reinforcement spacing is more effective in improving the impact resistance of composite slabs. Besides, although higher-strength concrete can improve the impact resistance of composite slabs, it also increases the risk of punching failure as the concrete is more brittle. This study provides valuable results for designing sandwich panel-reinforced concrete slabs to resist impact loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term behavior of stud connections in steel-alkali activated UHPC composite structures","authors":"Ye Zhang ,&nbsp;Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Guotao Yang ,&nbsp;Yue Huang ,&nbsp;Weijie You ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Liu ,&nbsp;Jian-Guo Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a long-term experimental program consisting of twenty push-out specimens is conducted to investigate the long-term behavior of the stud connections in steel-Alkali-activated ultra-high-performance concrete (AAUHPC) composite structures, considering the effects of steel fiber content, water-to-binder (W/B) ratio, loading level, loading age, and stud diameter. The effects of these factors on the total slip, instantaneous slip, creep-induced slip, and shrinkage-induced slip of the stud connections are studied. The long-term tests are performed over a period of 180 days, during which eleven of the test specimens are employed for long-term push-out tests under sustained load, while nine specimens are used for shrinkage tests. The obtained results illustrate that decreasing the W/B ratio is an efficient way to alleviate the long-term slip of the stud connection, and the adoption of steel fiber with a content of 2 % is recommended. Compared to the instantaneous slip, the effect of loading level is more pronounced on the long-term slip. Additionally, the long-term slip of the stud connections is primarily induced by creep, while the effect of shrinkage is relatively small. Furthermore, three models, including the generalized Kelvin model, Burgers model, and logarithmic model, are deployed for capturing the creep compliance of the stud connection, and the comparisons demonstrate the superiority of the Burgers model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bending performance of a novel geopolymer non-dismantling sandwich insulation formwork: Experimental, theoretical, and numerical simulation","authors":"Shuang Li ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sohail Saleh ,&nbsp;Jianjun Zhao ,&nbsp;Haoran Wang ,&nbsp;Haopeng Liu ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saeed Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the acceleration of urbanization, the energy shortage and environmental problems caused by the construction industry have gradually received high attention from the society. Therefore, there is an urgent need for innovative, sustainable construction materials and techniques. This study introduced a novel geopolymer non-dismantling sandwich insulation formwork, aiming to evaluate its bending performance under four-point bending loads. Sandwich insulation formwork comprised of core materials, alkali-activated insulation materials (AAI) and extruded polystyrene (XPS), with surface layer of alkali-activated ultra-high toughness composite materials (AUTC) and fiberglass-reinforced mortar. The study examined the impact of core thickness and connectors on load-deflection behavior, strain characteristics, ductility index, and bending strength. A comprehensive experimental study and theoretical analysis were conducted on the bending capacity of sandwich insulation formwork, supported by numerical simulation to assess bending capacity and failure patterns. The results showed that sandwich insulation formworks with AUTC surface and AAI core significantly improved ductility and bearing capacity, while sandwich insulation formwork with mortar-based surface and XPS core exhibited brittle failure, reduced strength, and ductility. Increasing core thickness and incorporating connectors further improve load capacity and stiffness. The numerical and theoretical results align well with experimental data, demonstrating the predictive accuracy of the model. This study offers valuable insights into optimizing sandwich insulation formwork, contributing to sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly building practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120180"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural behavior and durability of reinforced concrete beams with seawater, sulfate-resistant cement, and glass fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement","authors":"Abdelrahman Abushanab ,&nbsp;Usama Ebead ,&nbsp;Magdy Genedy ,&nbsp;Nehal M. Ayash ,&nbsp;Sami Akil Fawzy","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seawater has recently been proposed for concrete manufacturing as a sustainable alternative to fresh water. However, seawater degrades the concrete properties at later ages. Accordingly, this study experimentally and analytically investigated the flexural behavior and durability of 9 concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcement and made with 3 seawater replacement ratios (0 %, 50 %, and 100 %), 2 types of cement (ordinary Portlandite and sulfate-resistant cement), and 2 types of curing water (fresh water and seawater). The beams were prepared with dimensions of 200 × 500 × 2200 mm and tested after exposure to seawater for 6 months. The results demonstrated that incorporating seawater and sulfate-resistant cement simultaneously improved the 28-day mechanical properties of concrete by about 16 % compared to those made entirely with fresh water. Likewise, beams made with 100 % seawater and sulfate-resistant cement recorded an improvement of 23 % in the load-carrying capacity and 80 % in the energy absorption compared to beams with fresh water. In addition, the beams made with seawater and sulfate-resistant cement showed no difference in the failure mode and flexural properties after conditioning in seawater for 180 days as compared to the reference beam. Analytically, ACI 440.11–22 achieved the best moment capacity prediction of the tested beams with an average, standard deviation, and coefficient of variance of experimental-to-predicted moment ratios of 1.26, 0.11, and 8.75 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120204"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of irregular perforation patterns on axial load-deformation response of cold-formed steel columns in a hybrid frame-wall","authors":"Salih Rakici,&nbsp;Fatmir Menkulasi","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A hybrid cold-formed steel (CFS) load bearing frame-wall capable of supplying enhanced lateral load capacity is presented. The frame-wall features discrete CFS columns that resist gravitational loads. The CFS columns have irregular perforation patterns in the web to accommodate several layers of tension-only diagonal bracing installed in the plane of the hybrid frame-wall. The impact of said perforations on CFS column axial load-deformation response is studied with validated nonlinear finite element analysis and through comparisons with the axial response of CFS columns with standard perforation patterns. Irregular perforation patterns caused by one, two, and three layers of diagonal bracing are considered. The effect of boundary conditions, sheet metal thickness, imperfections, and bracing on irregularly perforated CFS column axial load-deformation response is quantified. Computed elastic buckling loads and axial capacities are compared with predicted values. The considered prediction frameworks result in average overpredictions of axial load capacity by 13 % for pin-supported columns and average underpredictions by 9 % for fixed-end columns. The hypothesis that an increase in the number of perforations along the length of the member results in a decrease in axial load capacity is found to be true for pin-supported columns that exhibited global flexural buckling and untrue for fixed-end columns and braced pinned columns that feature irregular perforation patterns. It is concluded that if the CFS columns in the hybrid frame-wall feature standard perforation sizes and perforation spacing is not smaller than column depth, the impact of irregular perforation patterns on axial load-deformation response and capacity is limited, regardless of the variation of perforation density along the height of the column. If perforation sizes are enlarged, reductions in axial load capacity become notable. Similarly, reductions in sheet metal thickness and increases in imperfections exacerbate the effect of irregular perforation patterns on CFS column axial load-deformation response and capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120159"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}