Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Robust discriminative correlation-based full-field motion estimation of large-scale structures using a single video camera","authors":"Jun Teng ,&nbsp;Yuchao Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Xia ,&nbsp;Weihua Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Full-field motion, which reflects the health state of large-scale structures, is difficult to capture using traditional structural health monitoring (SHM) systems due to limited measurement points. Moreover, numerous structures lack SHM systems capable of accurately monitoring motions. Readily available videos, with their numerous pixels acting as an array of sensors, are promising in estimating full-field motion with a high resolution. However, existing vision-based motion estimation methods fail to achieve good accuracy and robustness. Accordingly, a novel motion estimation method is proposed to measure the full-field motion of large-scale structures with a single video camera. This approach adopts robust discriminative correlation to detect targets of various shapes by adaptively filtering the textures of the target and the background. The accuracy of the estimated motion reaches subpixel levels by introducing continuous convolution, which transforms discrete pixels into a continuous function. A factorized convolution operator and a Gaussian mixture model are used to compact the number of model parameters and training samples. This approach estimates the accurate displacement and high-resolution mode shape in an experimental study. Moreover, the displacement of the antenna on the high-rise Saige Building is estimated with a portable camera, yielding an error of 1.75 % compared with the laser Doppler vibrometer result. The high-resolution mode shape of the antenna is further visualized with a modal assurance criterion (<em>MAC</em>) value of over 0.98 compared with the simulated result. The full-field vortex-excited resonance of the long-span Humen Bridge is estimated using a surveillance video, yielding accurate mode shapes with an <em>MAC</em> value over 0.97 compared with the accelerometer result.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120224"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-absorbing aluminum composites for protecting concrete superstructures against over-height collisions","authors":"Kofi Oppong,&nbsp;Amirhosein Vakili,&nbsp;Dikshant Saini,&nbsp;Behrouz Shafei","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over-height collisions commonly pose the risk of structural damage, causing safety and functionality concerns. To prevent potential damage, various strategies have been attempted to date with limited success. Among possible strategies, the current study investigated the unique capabilities of energy-absorbing aluminum composites in providing a protective panel to resist impact-induced forces. To achieve a holistic assessment, three core alternatives, i.e., aluminum honeycomb, aluminum foam, and expanded polystyrene foam, sandwiched between aluminum plates, were considered in this study. The selected composite panels had been used as impact-resistant components in mechanical and aerospace engineering applications, but their applications in the civil engineering domain had remained marginal, mainly because of limited studies performed on them. To address the fundamental questions related to the response of this category of composites to over-height collisions, the current study utilized a set of high-fidelity finite-element models. The developed models were validated with a suite of experimental test results from past studies. The models replicated two representative concrete girders, each without and with energy-absorbing composite panels. The added panels were in various configurations, in terms of geometric and material properties. Upon simulating the over-height collision with a range of impact intensities and velocities, key response measures were evaluated, including energy absorption, impact force, and girder damage. This holistic investigation’s outcome led to a set of recommendations on the energy-absorbing composites of choice configured to minimize the damage from over-height collisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120152"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multimodal TransTCN fusion network embedding prior knowledge for predicting seismic responses in high-speed railways considering pier height","authors":"Kang Peng ,&nbsp;Yuntai Zhang ,&nbsp;Wangbao Zhou ,&nbsp;Lizhong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given that the significant impact of stochastic pier height on the seismic response of high-speed railway track-bridge systems (HSRTBS) has been revealed, related seismic design and post-earthquake safety assessments face greater computational demands. To address the inadequacies of traditional methods in meeting these demands—specifically, the heavy computational burden of purely physical methods and the insufficient sample size required for training purely data-driven models—we propose a multimodal deep learning framework called the Prior Domain Knowledge-Transformer Temporal Convolutional Network (PDK-TransTCN) to achieve rapid and accurate prediction of key seismic response indicators of HSRTBS under seismic excitation. In this framework, the integration of prior domain knowledge (PDK) significantly reduces the number of training samples needed to achieve the same accuracy, while the use of Transformers and Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN) with strong capabilities in fitting nonlinear temporal tasks enhances the model's precision. The model was validated using reliable training samples from shaking table tests and compared with several neural network models that have demonstrated strong performance in seismic damage prediction through ablation experiments. Results showed an 8.0 % improvement in the coefficient of determination (R²) for predicting peak track irregularities (PTIs), requiring only 30 % of the training samples that traditional models need to achieve the same accuracy. These improvements in computational efficiency and predictive performance make the proposed model suitable for real-time post-earthquake assessments, providing critical technical support for quantifying uncertainties in high-speed rail network safety and assessing regional operational risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120225"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaking table tests and numerical studies on a robust enhanced gas-spring nonlinear energy sink for seismic response control of electricity transmission tower-line systems","authors":"Kunjie Rong,&nbsp;Chenyu Zhang,&nbsp;Li Tian,&nbsp;Meng Yang,&nbsp;Haomiao Chen,&nbsp;Junrong Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A robust enhanced gas-spring nonlinear energy sink (REG-NES) is proposed to reduce the seismic responses of the transmission tower-line (TTL) systems, with its working principle and parameter design method presented. A reduced-scale experimental model of the TTL system and the corresponding REG-NES are designed and constructed based on an actual project. The control performance of the REG-NES is studied through a series of shaking table tests, highlighting its performance advantages and smaller working stroke compared to an optimal tuned mass damper (TMD). A refined finite element (FE) model of the reduced-scale TTL system is established and validated by experimental results. The impact of seismic intensity and wave type on the REG-NES performance is analyzed and discussed. The results demonstrate that the REG-NES effectively mitigates the seismic responses of the TTL system, offering comparable control effects, higher stability, and a smaller working stroke than the TMD. The REG-NES maintains stable control effectiveness with increasing peak ground acceleration (PGA) and achieves over 10 %-15 % mitigation for 20 seismic records with different characteristics, indicating insensitivity to input energy levels and excitation frequencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120226"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local buckling behaviour of 7075-T6 high strength aluminium alloy H-section beams under concentrated loads: Testing, modelling and design","authors":"Huan Lu ,&nbsp;Yuanqing Wang ,&nbsp;Xinhang Zhi ,&nbsp;Beibei Li ,&nbsp;Boshan Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanwen Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, a new generation of 7 series high strength aluminium alloys were developed and widely used in practical engineering due to their excellent performance, and their tensile yield strength can be approximately 80 % (or more) higher than that of traditional aluminium alloys. One obvious application for such new material is in H-section beams with slender webs, where the local buckling behaviour should be investigated for safety and economical design. However, no research work was reported investigating the local buckling behaviour of such 7 series high strength aluminium alloy bending members. This issue is addressed herein. A total of seven 7075-T6 high-strength aluminium alloy extruded H-section beams were tested under concentrated loads, including four specimens with mid-span stiffeners and three ones without mid-span stiffeners. A finite element (FE) model was developed and validated against the test results. A comprehensive parametric analysis including 163 FE models was performed to examine the influences of the critical parameters on the ultimate strength of such members. Following this, the obtained test and numerical results were utilised to evaluate the accuracy of the design methods in EN 1999–1–1: 2023 (2023), GB 50429–2007 (2007), American Aluminum Design Manual (2020). The comparison results indicated that the existing design methods provide conservative predictions for determining the ultimate strength of high strength aluminium alloy H-section beams. New design methods were therefore proposed by modifying the original design equations. A reliability analysis was then performed, indicating that the modified formulas can closely predict the ultimate strength of such members.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and extreme structural analysis of wind turbine blades: Beam and shell model comparison and discussion for a 10-MW reference turbine","authors":"Isadora Toledo de Almeida ,&nbsp;Gabriel Vicentin Pereira Lapa ,&nbsp;Alfredo Gay Neto ,&nbsp;Sérgio Frascino Müller de Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The progressive growth of wind turbine blades requires lightweighting to ensure aerodynamic performance. However, gaps in the comprehension of failure mechanisms, such as trailing edge buckling, lead to non-scalable experimental-based optimization frameworks. Nonlinear finite element methodologies are now central in blade design, giving insight into the structural behavior and speeding up design iteration. This work aims to examine finite element techniques from the standpoint of the DTU 10-MW reference wind turbine. The geometrically nonlinear anisotropic beam model is verified against its corresponding layered shell model for the reference turbine, followed by a comparison between linear and nonlinear stability methodologies for buckling strength assessments. The discussion on stability highlights the eminence of including nonlinear methods to account for shells’ typical imperfection sensitivity in blade design routines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 120155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural performance of aluminium alloy channel section tensile members connected with gusset plates","authors":"Ke Jiang ,&nbsp;Binxu Li ,&nbsp;Yannan Jing ,&nbsp;Andi Su ,&nbsp;Ou Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminium alloy becomes increasingly popular in the construction industry due to its light self-weight, exceptional corrosion resistance and the ability to be fully recycled. This paper presents experiments and numerical simulations on aluminium alloy channel section tensile members connected with gusset plates. The experimental programme was conducted on 19 aluminium alloy channel section tensile member specimens, with either channel flanges or webs connected with gusset plates. The experimental failure loads, load–elongation curves, net section fracture behaviour and longitudinal strains at critical sections were reported, together with the influences of the connection length and eccentricities on the net section efficiency analysed. Numerical simulations were subsequently carried out, including development and validation of finite element models as well as parametric studies to generate further numerical data over a wide range of channel section sizes and connection lengths. The experimental and numerical results were used to evaluate relevant codified design provisions specified in the European, American and Australian/New Zealand standards. The evaluation results revealed that (i) the European code resulted in conservative and scattered predictions, underestimating actual failure loads by an average of 24 %; (ii) the American code offered unsafe and scattered predictions, overestimating load-carrying capacities by an average of 26 %; and (iii) the Australian/New Zealand standard led to conservative and scattered predictions for the web-bolted scenario but relatively accurate and consistent predictions for the flange-bolted scenario. Consequently, a new set of design equations was then proposed by properly considering all key influencing geometric parameters, including connection length and out-of-plane as well as in-plane eccentricities, and shown to offer substantial improvements in the design of aluminium alloy channel section tensile members connected with gusset plates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120177"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on prevalent local failure mechanisms in hard rock tunnel linings using distributed optical fibre sensors","authors":"August Jansson ,&nbsp;Andreas Sjölander ,&nbsp;Carlos G. Berrocal ,&nbsp;Rasmus Rempling ,&nbsp;Ignasi Fernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today’s hard rock tunnel construction, the most common support system consists of rock bolts and shotcrete linings. The support system is effective to build, and structural safety has empirically been established. However, the utilization rate of shotcrete linings is usually unknown as no method exists today that determines the type and magnitude of loads acting on the linings. This paper investigates the implementation of distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) as a promising solution for monitoring of local loads in shotcrete tunnel linings. This approach enables the identification of local loads, facilitating targeted inspections in areas with deviating measurements and allowing for more informed repair and maintenance decisions. In the study, two typical local load conditions in shotcrete linings were analysed using strain measurements from DOFS installed in experimental specimens designed to replicate sections of tunnel linings. The results revealed that the examined load conditions can be distinguished based on the measured strains. While the lining thickness had a significant effect on the peak load capacity, the roughness of the substrate influenced the strain distribution in linings subjected to bending. It was also shown that DOFS outside the loaded area could detect load-induced strains for shear loaded specimens at low load levels, but not for flexurally loaded specimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120185"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance of hybrid RC frame-masonry structures based on shaking table testing","authors":"Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xun Guo ,&nbsp;Xuechun Liu ,&nbsp;Fu He","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid reinforced frame-masonry (HFM) building structures are widely used in China and East Asia. However, they have been observed to sustain significant damage during recent earthquakes, where the confined masonry elements incur severe failures while the frame elements remain largely intact. This failure phenomenon results from the simplification of HFM structures as frame-only systems in seismic design, which neglects the actual behavior and failure mechanisms of these structures. To address this issue, a 1/4 scale specimen representing a typical HFM structure was tested on shaking table to analyze its seismic behavior. The experimental results indicate that, when subjected to seismic events, the confined masonry components fail in shear at relatively small displacements, which leads to a substantial reduction in the lateral stiffness of the structure. Subsequently, damage is observed in the frame columns and transverse infill walls, ultimately culminating in collapse once the transverse walls incur severe damage. At a 0.2 g ground acceleration, the seismic shear force in the confined masonry grid was found to be 63 times greater than that in the frame grid. At 0.5 g ground acceleration, the frame and masonry grids exhibited similar lateral displacement phases. This indicates that, despite misalignment between the center of stiffness and center of mass, the torsional effects were greatly constrained by the transverse walls. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the lateral load-resisting components of HFM structures be defined by their damage states, rather than by column grid divisions alone. These results provide valuable insights into the seismic vulnerability and failure mechanisms of HFM structures, highlighting the need for improved seismic assessment and design methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure modes of self-compacting concrete beams reinforced with discarded steel fiber under fire conditions","authors":"Saif K. Mezzal ,&nbsp;Zaid Al-Azzawi ,&nbsp;Khalid B. Najim","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents results from an experimental systematic study on the fire behavior of high-strength self-compacting concrete (HSCC) beams strengthened with discarded steel fibers (DSF). The current program focuses on the comparison between the structural behavior of tested beams at ambient temperature with <strong>(i)</strong> furnace-heated beams at the temperature of 600 °C for 60 min (steady-state), and <strong>(ii)</strong> beams exposed to combined thermo-mechanical loading (fire scenario). For unheated beams, it was found that using 1 % of the DSF converts failure mode from the shear into the flexural failure even in the absence of stirrups, indicating a significant enhancement in the shear strength. At 600°C, there was a clear decrease in the ultimate strength of test beams as they retained only about 69 % of the initial strength. Structural testing revealed that FRHSCC beams were able to sustain the applied load without failure for 85 min of fire exposure, even after the temperature at rebar exceeds 400°C. Finally, beams tested under thermo-mechanical loading showed a significant deterioration in flexural strength while the furnace-heated beams showed a greater loss in shear resistance under monotonic loading. In light of this, it was concluded that furnace-heated beams did not show the real behavior of the fire scenarios. In view of the results, it can be concluded that the strengthening of HSCC beams with DSF can be an effective solution, through increasing fire resistance by above 32 % and increasing residual strength by almost 25 % compared to the beams without fiber. However, it was found that elevated temperature (under fire conditions), beyond 600°C, significantly degrades the positive effect of fibers in improving the mechanical and structural properties of concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 120198"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}