Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Investigation on vortex-induced vibration control of streamlined box girder by small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine and its energy harvesting potential: An experimental study at large angle of attack","authors":"Shipeng Gao,&nbsp;Yongxin Yang,&nbsp;Zhimin Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing impacts of climate change on the wind speed, wind-induced vibrations of large-span bridges have become a significant challenge, especially for frequently occurred vortex-induced vibration (VIV). Effective control strategy of such vibrations is crucial for ensuring the long-term safety of bridges. Although previous studies have investigated the control effects of aerodynamic control measures, including passive and active strategies, it is still lack of explorations on the comprehensive design that combine control efficiency and energy potential. Considering the needs for sustainable development of infrastructure, this study proposed a conceptual design of bridge-integrated wind energy system through the installation of small-scale wind turbine, with the aim of combing both effective VIV control and utilizing the abundant green energy around. Through wind tunnel tests at large angle of attack (AoA), the difference of control effects under various arrangement was compared by considering shape and positional parameters. And the possible control mechanism and energy potential were probed by analyzing the results of wind pressure, wake and rotation speed respectively. This study shows that bridge-integrated wind turbine system contributed to the mitigation of vertical VIV phenomenon. And the turbine wake interfered the frequency and energy distribution during VIV, while reduced the wind pressure fluctuations around windward side of girder. While preliminary results of TSR support the energy potentials for above conceptual design, it still needs for further investigations on variable performance of energy output, as well as validating the possible negative effects may bring into bridge structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120560"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crushing characteristics and energy absorption behaviour of sloped-truncated origami tube","authors":"Xinyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shenghai Wang ,&nbsp;Kwong Ming Tse","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin-walled tubes with origami patterns show an expectable crushing mechanism, leading to a better energy absorption performance of lower initial peak force and smoother crushing process than conventional tube. In this study, a sloped-truncated origami tube (STOT), presenting variable stiffness in layers, was proposed. The crushing mode, crushing response and energy absorption performance of the STOT compared with those of tubes with parallel-truncated origami pattern (PTOT) and Miura-ori pattern (MOT) are experimentally investigated and validated through finite element method. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of sloped-truncated ratio, number of layers and dihedral angle on the crushing process and energy absorption performance of the proposed STOT. Results show that the STOT with appropriate geometric parameters performed a desirable crushing process, characterized by without excessive initial peak force, followed by a smoothly increasing compression force. Comparison results show that the STOT is the best design for energy absorption device for its comparable value of specific energy absorption (<em>SEA</em>) and crushing force efficiency (<em>CFE</em>). The STOT, with optimized geometries achieves a 21.84 % increase in <em>SEA</em> and a 104.19 % improvement in <em>CFE</em> compared to the conventional square tube counterpart. Additionally, compared to its MOT counterpart, the proposed STOT exhibits superior performance in <em>P</em>_m and <em>SEA</em>. This study offers new insights into the origami-inspired design and low-stiffness initiation of the crushing mode in patterned thin-walled tubes, achieving a balance between energy absorption and geometric parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120608"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-dimensional crashworthiness performance prediction and constrained optimization of the HFC energy absorbing structures for railway vehicles driven by deep learning frameworks","authors":"Jie Xing ,&nbsp;Tuo Xu ,&nbsp;Ping Xu ,&nbsp;Shuguang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The honeycomb-filled structures have better energy absorption performances but cross-effected by the complex interactions between filled honeycomb and metallic tube. Traditional surrogate model-based optimization methods can only ensure that the crashworthiness indicators meet the design expectations. However, unstable buckling and drastic load fluctuations cannot be avoided. In view of this, a multi-dimensional crashworthiness performance prediction and constrained optimization of a novel kind of honeycomb-filled composite structure are investigated. By utilizing the deep learning technique, the deformation images, crashworthiness indicators and load curves of the structure are predicted and introduced as constraints to the multi-objective optimization. Compared to the regular optimization results, the range of the Pareto front is significantly reduced after the introduction of extra constraints. Furthermore, the best solution obtained from the constrained optimization not only satisfy the conventional indicators constraint, but also performs well in terms of the deformation mode and load history. By applying the proposed method, the reliability of the optimization is dramatically improved. It is well proved that the proposed methodology can provide a feasible reference for similar problems of crashworthiness optimization of energy-absorbing structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120603"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of monitoring data and state assessment of heritage stone-timber structures based on spatio-temporal graph neural networks","authors":"Na Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to improve the accuracy of monitoring data prediction and structural state assessment for preserving cultural heritage stone-timber structures. Significant spatial correlation and temporal dependence are revealed in the monitoring data. A novel spatio-temporal graph neural network (GLSTNN) is therefore proposed to predict monitoring data and assess the structural state of heritage building. The GLSTNN combines Graph Attention Networks and Long Short-Term Memory Networks to model the spatio-temporal characteristics of monitoring data. This study constructs irregular topological graphs based on physical proximity and data similarity to represent the spatial relationships between sensors. Additionally, residual connections are introduced in GLSTNN to enhance the model’s ability to represent non-linear data. To validate the proposed approach, a case study is conducted on a heritage stone-timber structure located in Tibet, China, where sensors monitor structural strain, tilt angles, and environmental temperature and humidity. Data from 18 monitored parameters are used for validation. Experimental results show that incorporating temperature and humidity effects improves predictive performance by strengthening the spatio-temporal relationships among sensors and better capturing environmental impacts. The GLSTNN model outperforms existing techniques in structural state prediction and anomaly detection, providing accurate identification of anomalies and prediction of key parameters from the measured data. The proposed approach has a high potential to offer a promising solution for complex heritage stone-timber structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire-induced spalling in hybrid polyethylene fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composite panels","authors":"S. Rawat ,&nbsp;Lihai Zhang ,&nbsp;Y.X. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene (PE) fibre-reinforced engineered cementitious composites (ECC) offer high ductility and durability, however concerns over fire performance, particularly spalling resistance, continue to limit their adoption. This study evaluates single and hybrid PE fibre-reinforced ECC with high-volume slag and MgO under fire exposure, examining spalling resistance at both material and structural scales. Key test parameters include PE fibre length (9, 12, 18 mm), fibre type (single or hybrid with polypropylene (PP) and basalt fibre), and panel size (300 ×300 mm, 200 ×200 mm, 100 ×100 mm) and thickness (20, 50 mm). A novel 1-directional (1-D) spalling test is also developed and compared with a traditional 3-directional (3-D) furnace test. Material-scale tests showed that replacing 12 mm, 0.75 % PE fibre with basalt improved strength retention at elevated temperatures by approximately 5–7 %, achieving a total retention of 37–40 %. However, large-scale tests revealed poor spalling resistance with this mix as full-thickness spalling occurred in 300 × 300 × 50 mm panels. Spalling resistance improved with longer PE fibres (18 mm) or the addition of PP fibres, with a hybrid mix (12 mm 0.3 % PP, 1.25 % PE, 0.75 % basalt) demonstrating superior performance. Further analysis indicated that fibre melting may not be the primary mechanism for spalling resistance; rather, fibre distribution and bonding with the matrix are critical for forming an effective network for vapour pressure dissipation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120589"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic behavior analysis of the wheel-rail impact mitigation device for fixed frog gaps incorporating rubber's strain rate dependency","authors":"Jiaxin Lei ,&nbsp;Dongshi Wang ,&nbsp;Xinhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Caiyou Zhao ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Changsheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Hualong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wheel-rail interaction at the gap in the frog of fixed turnouts is characterized by discontinuous contact traces and nonlinear geometric profiles, which often induce transient impact vibrations with broad frequency ranges and significant amplitudes. This study develops a Wheel-Rail Impact Mitigation Device (WRIMD) through a combination of theoretical modeling and field testing. The aim is to address the discontinuity in contact traces and promote uniform distribution of wheel-rail forces. A transient rolling contact model for a 50 kg/m rail No. 9 turnout, integrating the bogie and frog, was constructed using the participating mass method, with computational efficiency enhanced through a hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian approach. To address challenges in the definition of impact index parameters, this study introduced the concept of effective impact energy probability, providing a comprehensive framework for characterizing both global and instantaneous wheel-rail impact phenomena at the frog. The study identified the abrupt transition between single-point and multi-point wheel-rail contact at the gap as the primary driving mechanism for impact vibrations. The WRIMD has a dual-layer design, with an upper impact-resistant layer made of manganese steel and a lower damping layer made of rubber. Considering transient wheel-rail impact dynamics, a hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model for the rubber material was formulated by incorporating the relationship between impact velocity and strain rate. The optimal height of the damper was determined through a combined quasi-static and dynamic analysis. Simulation results indicated a 5.57 % reduction in the impact index and a 23.9 % decrease in total impact energy when the damper was implemented. Safety assessments under extreme operational conditions confirmed that the damper met all operational safety standards. Field installation of the damper, secured by bolting and adhesive bonding, demonstrated that it effectively reduced medium- and high-frequency vibrations above 100 Hz, with measured reductions of approximately 9 dB in frog vibration and 6 dB in sleeper vibration. This research further reveals vibration isolation in turnout substructures and presents an innovative solution for the management of transient wheel-rail impacts in fixed frogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120614"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalised framework for designing topological interlocking structures from monomorphic elements","authors":"Siya Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Lin ,&nbsp;Y.X. Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Min Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Topological interlocking (TI) structures, known for their superior energy dissipation, damage tolerance, and adaptability, are gaining increasing attention as innovative solutions to advanced structural designs. In this study, a general framework is developed for designing TI elements with curved contact surfaces, enabling the creation of monomorphic elements through a matched concavo-convex interface. The element shapes are controlled by parameters such as polygon type, polygon length, curve function, and element thickness. This approach can be applied to designing TI elements for both planar and non-planar structures. Validation is achieved through the design of 24 planar and 12 non-planar TI elements, along with two 3D-printed prototypes. Furthermore, the impact performance of typical TI plates is compared to that of a monolithic structure to demonstrate the effectiveness of the generalised interlocking mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120607"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transfer learning-based framework for acoustic emission source localization of real cracks in reinforced concrete","authors":"Shuo Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxi Wang ,&nbsp;Donghuang Yan ,&nbsp;Guokun Liu ,&nbsp;Lidong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xugang Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep learning models have emerged as a promising solution for acoustic emission (AE) source localization, offering adaptability to composite materials like reinforced concrete. However, existing deep learning models often rely on AE data from simulated sources, such as pencil lead breakage or ball impact, which may not accurately represent real cracks, thereby limiting the performance of deep learning models. This paper proposes a novel deep learning model based on transfer learning for AE source localization of real cracks in reinforced concrete components. The proposed model consists of a source model and a target model, both built with a 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) and fully connected layers. The source model is trained on a simulated AE dataset, and its 1-dimensional CNN is transferred to the target model. The target model is then fine-tuned using limited AE data from real cracks collected during a four-point bending test. The trained model locates AE sources from real cracks by outputting a grid-based probability map. The performance of the model was compared with and without transfer learning. Additionally, the robustness of the proposed model against noise was investigated through field testing on a real bridge. The generalization performance on unseen reinforced concrete components was also examined. Additionally, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding was used to analyze the interpretability. The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed model in AE source localization of real cracks in reinforced concrete components. Additionally, the model remains robust under noisy conditions, indicates its effectiveness in practical AE source localization applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120628"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural fatigue strength of RC bridge girders strengthened by PHSW-PM","authors":"Qunxian Huang ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Zixiong Guo ,&nbsp;Jiann-Wen Woody Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel method for enhancing the flexural fatigue strength of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge girders is presented. This method adopts externally attached prestressed high-strength steel wires covered by polymer mortar, referred to as PHSW-PM. To evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of this technique, monotonic and fatigue tests were conducted on RC beam specimens subjected to repeated load cycles within service load ranges. The investigation focused on four main parameters: the loading condition, the prestressing level of the high-strength steel wires, the anchorage condition, and the bond properties between the polymer mortar and the concrete surface. The RC specimens strengthened with PHSW-PM demonstrated exceptional performance under fatigue loading, withstanding over two million repeated load cycles without failure. The test results revealed that a higher level of prestressing force in the steel wires significantly enhances the crack resistance of the strengthened beams. Additionally, the bond interface condition between the polymer mortar layer and the concrete surface, along with the type of anchorage, were identified as critical factors influencing the flexural fatigue capacity and ductility of the strengthened beams. Based on the experimental results, an empirical design formula has been derived to evaluate the flexural fatigue capacity of beams strengthened using the PHSW-PM methodology. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of PHSW-PM as an effective technique for improving the structural performance of RC bridge girders under cyclic loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120640"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A virtual joints based transfer matrix method for dynamic performance analysis of periodic beams","authors":"He Zhang ,&nbsp;Yihui Guo ,&nbsp;Tengxin Lin ,&nbsp;Kun Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An updated Transfer Matrix (TM) method involving spatial discretization through the introduction of virtual joints is proposed for the dynamic analysis of periodic structures with long transfer distances. The root cause of numerical issues in the TM method arising from long transfer distances is identified. This issue is effectively addressed by discretizing the original beam segments with virtual joints. The Joint Coupling Matrix (JCM) method is used to universally describe the restraints and interactions at all joints, leading to the closed-form solutions for the dynamic responses of periodic beams. To validate the updated TM method, the natural frequencies and forced vibration responses calculated from the updated TM method are compared with those from Finite Element Method (FEM). Then, the updated TM method is used to investigate the vibration mitigation performance of periodic structures. Results from both free and forced vibration analyses reveal the variation characteristics of natural frequencies with structural periodic parameters and elucidate the relationship between the vibration mitigation performance of periodic beams and the loading frequencies. Furthermore, through Frequency Response Function (FRF) analysis, the vibration mitigation mechanism of periodic beams is examined in depth from a vibration perspective. This work provides valuable guidance for the optimal parameter configuration of periodic structures to achieve enhanced vibration mitigation performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120374"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}