Environmental Geochemistry and Health最新文献

{"title":"A geochemical baseline-source analysis-multidimensional risk assessment-management response framework for lead-zinc mining areas.","authors":"Peiyu Zhang, Jiawen Zhou, Xinyang Li, Wenyong Wang, Tong Zhou, Peter Christie, Longhua Wu, Changyin Tan","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02780-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02780-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil trace metal(loid) background values (BVs) are important in risk assessment, but regional BVs are difficult to obtain. Here, BVs in the Daqiao river basin were established using a cumulative frequency distribution approach with deep (> 100 cm) soil samples. A multidimensional risk assessment method evaluated the metal(loid) pollution and risks across three irrigated areas (first, FI; second, SI; and third, TI) and one unirrigated control area (UI). In addition, correlation analysis and positive matrix factorization were used to identify and quantify the pollution sources. The average BVs of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were 81.3, 41.4, 41.4, 16.6, 0.34, 43.7, and 118.0 mg kg^-1, respectively. In FI, SI, and TI, soils were highly contaminated with Cd, Pb, Zn, and As, derived primarily from wastewater irrigation, occupying 58-73%; and Cr, Ni, and Cu mainly from natural sources, occupying 62-89%. UI was slightly contaminated with Cu, Cd, and Pb, derived mainly from atmospheric deposition (38-52%) and natural sources (34-44%). Cadmium posed high potential ecological risks in FI (93%) and SI (96%), and Cd and As represented a health risk to children in irrigated regions. Soil remediation should be prioritized in FI, then in SI and TI; Cd should be targeted first, followed by Pb, As, Cu and Zn. This systems approach offers scalable solutions for global mining landscapes threatened by legacy pollution and evolving irrigation practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 11","pages":"464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of sustainable adsorbents for heavy metal removal from municipal landfill leachate: batch analysis, kinetic models & error functions.","authors":"Sunanda Sarkar, Swati Patil, Mahesh Endait","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02767-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02767-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address the high cost of high-performance treated adsorbents, this study investigates a sustainable, environmentally friendly removal method. This study investigates the efficacy of readily available, low-cost raw adsorbents-specifically biochar, Fly ash, and bagasse ash-for the removal of heavy metal ions (Cr, Cu, Fe & Zn) from municipal landfill leachate. The influence of pH, dosage, and contact time on adsorption efficiency was determined through batch experiments. To determine the best-fitting kinetic model (Pseudo-First-Order-PFO, or Pseudo-Second-Order-PSO, Webber & Morris Intraparticle diffusion or Elovich), four error functions- the sum of the square of the errors (ERRSQ), the hybrid fractional error function (HYBRID), average relative error deviation (ARE), and the sum of the absolute errors (EABS)- were calculated and subsequently normalized using the Set of Normalized Errors (SNE) method. The kinetic model with the lowest SNE value was found to provide the best statistical fit to the experimental data. Adsorption kinetics for biochar showed PFO for Cr, Cu, and Zn, and PSO for Fe. Fly ash followed PFO for Fe and Zn, and PSO for Cr and Cu. Bagasse ash kinetics showed PFO for Cr and PSO for Cu, Fe, and Zn. The maximum adsorption removal efficiencies for Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn obtained were 82%,54%, 72% & 62% for biochar, 77%, 50%, 62%, 64% for Fly ash, and 87%, 42%, 79%, 72% for bagasse ash. These findings demonstrate that low-cost, waste-derived adsorbents can effectively remove heavy metals from complex solutions, such as landfill leachate, with high efficiency. This research not only provides a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment but also supports a circular economy by transforming agricultural and industrial waste into valuable resources for pollution control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 11","pages":"463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Radon levels and its geostatistical distribution in dwellings of Kabul Afghanistan.","authors":"Kamal Hadad, Habibullah Sharifi, Mohammad-Nabi Karimi, Ataollah Rabiee","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02755-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02755-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 11","pages":"460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vitro inhaled bioavailability of particle-bound per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: affecting factors and risk assessment.","authors":"Bin Wang, Yiming Yao, Hongwen Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02763-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02763-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concerns regarding the inhaled risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in atmospheric particulate matter (APM) are continuously increasing. In this study, we collected APM of three sizes (PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10) to investigate the bioavailability of PFAS. An in-vitro simulation method was employed using two simulated lung fluids: modified Gamble's solution (MGS) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF). Among the APM samples, PFAS concentrations in PM1.0 and PM2.5 were significantly higher than those in PM10. In addition to long-chain PFAS, short-chain and emerging PFAS also exhibited high concentrations. Regarding the inhaled bioavailability of PFAS in APM, we found that PFAS generally had high inhalation bioavailability fractions (IBAFs) in both MGS and ALF. IBAFs for most PFAS reached equilibrium after 1-day incubation period, with the size of APM and hydrophobicity of PFAS influencing IBAFs in both MGS and ALF. The bioavailability of PFAS in ALF was generally higher than that in MGS. If the bioavailability of PFAS in APM with simulated lung fluids is not considered, the inhaled health risk of PFAS may be overestimated by 21-47% in the interstitial fluid of lung cells and by 17-33% in lung cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 11","pages":"462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources identification, health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTE) of Southern parts of NCR environs, Delhi, India.","authors":"Shilpi Gupta, Hariteja Nandimandalam, Janardhana Raju Nandimandalam","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02748-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02748-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Capital Region is characterized by high depletion and overexploitation with significant water table decline along with challenges related to pollution, including the presence of metal contamination. The urban water system of NCT Delhi requires an updated water infrastructure to meet the expanding population. Total 57 groundwater samples were collected from different sources of drinking water wells and measured for 11 metals concentration during pre-monsoon 2017. The results reveals that Ni (3%) and Pb (4%) exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, and Al (16%), Mn (3%), Ni (5%), Pb (4%) and Fe (42%) of samples exceeding Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) acceptable limits. Spatial distribution of metals shows that there is a higher concentration towards Delhi area and the Southern parts of the study area. The pollution indices (HEI, NI and Cd) characterize high pollution zones except for HPI. HPI is high in the majority of groundwater samples in the southwestern side of the study area. The ecological risk assessment has also been computed and reported very low (0.80-86.48), that is much below the critical value indicating no ecological risk associated with metals. Children are more prone to risk assessment of both carcinogenic (CR) and non-carcinogenic risks than adults. Ingestion is the main pathway. Ni is the highest contributor for CR with the mean value of 2.95 × 10^-4 and 7.82 × 10^-4 in adults and children. Further, Cr and Cd have the mean values of 6.88 × 10^-5, 4.11 × 10^-5 and 4.08 × 10^-5 in adult and 1.82 × 10^-4, 1.09 × 10^-4 and 1.08 × 10^-4 in adults and children, respectively. Chemometric methods mainly Cluster analysis classifies all metals in 2 main clusters and 3 sub-clusters associated with each other, indicating anthropogenic and geogenic sources of contamination. 3 principal components (PC) have been identified through principal component analysis (PCA). 1 PC indicates main sources of Co, Ni, Cu and Zn are from anthropogenic sources. PC-2 signifies that Al, Mn and Fe are mainly from geo genic sources. However, Fe is also contributed from anthropogenic sources. In all, around 70% of the study identified with occurrence of contaminated groundwater and does not fit for drinking purposes, mainly from close vicinity of landfill area and south & south-Western parts. An effective remediation strategy can be planned based on the findings of the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 11","pages":"461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deterministic and probabilistic radiological risks associated with gold mining activities in some villages along Jibia Niger-Nigeria border.","authors":"Suleiman Bello, Muyiwa Michael Orosun","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02761-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02761-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deterministic and probabilistic methods were employed to assess the radiological risks associated with gold mining activities to both workers and the public in selected villages along the Jibia Niger-Nigeria border. In this study, a high-purity germanium detector was used to measure the specific activities of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs). The Oracle Crystal Ball Monte Carlo simulation estimated the annual effective dose (AED) at 90 ± 50 µSv/yr, while the RESRAD (deterministic) simulation yielded an estimate of 240 µSv/yr. Similarly, the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was calculated to be 4.5E-4 ± 2E-4 through the Oracle crystal ball Monte Carlo simulation, and 7E-4 through RESRAD. While the effective dose values remain within the dose limits recommended by the ICRP, the estimated excess lifetime cancer risks suggest the need for implementing appropriate risk reduction strategies. It is recommended that radiation safety standards at mining sites be strengthened, public awareness be increased, and periodic environmental monitoring be conducted to mitigate long-term health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 11","pages":"458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric analysis of sand mining-induced changes in the Sutlej River.","authors":"Simranjeet Kaur, Abdul Gani, Shray Pathak, Reet Kamal Tiwari","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02773-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02773-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fluvial morphology of rivers is highly dynamic and vulnerable to both natural processes and human interventions. This study presents a comprehensive morphological assessment of the Sutlej River in the Jalandhar region of Punjab, India, with a particular focus on the impacts of sand mining. Geomorphic indicators, including river migration, channel width, bank erosion, and bar dynamics were determined by using multi-temporal satellite imagery for the year 2014 and 2024 with respect to the year 2001. Significant temporal and regional differences in channel morphology were found by the investigation, especially at sites where sand mining is heavily practiced. A detailed geomorphometric evaluation of the basin was conducted using SRTM-derived DEMs and standard hydrological tools, revealing a dendritic drainage pattern and moderate drainage texture (4.95), indicative of relatively stable fluvial conditions. Pronounced lateral shifts were observed in proximity to 35 identified sand mining locations, as evidenced through riverbank delineation and displacement analysis conducted at 5 km intervals. Comparative assessments of sediment load between post-monsoon 2023 and pre-monsoon 2024 further highlighted sediment redistribution associated with intensive mining hotspots. The results underscored the changed sediment transport patterns, accelerated channel dynamics due to sand mining and made areas more susceptible to flooding and ecosystem loss. The findings demonstrate a clear spatial association between intensified mining activity and increased bank erosion. The lateral shift of banks in varied from 8.6 to 972.49 m, whereas the total deposition and erosion area at both the banks was determined as 1561.85 ha and 2263.41 ha respectively. The total deposited area in the study area at left and right bank was 637.65 and 924.20 ha respectively, whereas the total eroded area at left and right bank was 1247.17 and 1016.24 ha. In addition to being a sign of geomorphic instability, these changes present significant threats to the riverine ecosystem, such as habitat loss, decreased sediment connection, and heightened vulnerability to flooding. The findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable sand mining practices, reinforced by continuous geomorphological monitoring using GIS and remote sensing, to mitigate environmental impacts and support effective management of riverine ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 11","pages":"459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the anthropogenic legacy: multi-source contamination and health risk of potentially toxic elements in historical heritage soils (Certosa Di Calci, Italy).","authors":"Simone Arrighi, Lisa Ghezzi, Silvia Fornasaro","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02774-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02774-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historical heritage sites, while culturally invaluable, often harbor a complex legacy of potentially toxic element contamination from past anthropogenic activities. This study investigates the long-term environmental impact on soils at the Certosa di Calci, a monumental monastic complex near Pisa town (Tuscany, Italy), with centuries of diverse historical functions including artisanal workshops and military uses. A comprehensive multi-analytical approach combining spatial distribution, environmental and health risk assessment, and advanced source apportionment (i.e., Positive Matrix Factorization, Principal Component Analysis, correlation analysis) was employed on surface and core soil samples. Results revealed significant enrichment of Pb, Zn, Hg, and Cu, with content frequently exceeding Italian regulatory limits and exhibiting high ecological risk. Six distinct source factors were identified, clearly distinguishing natural geogenic sources from anthropogenic inputs related to historical glassmaking, metalworking, pharmaceutical preparations, pigment use, and buried lead pipes. Contamination was primarily confined to surface soil layers, consistent with historical surface-based activities. Crucially, a site-specific human health risk assessment for both museum visitors and summer camp attendees indicated non-significant cumulative non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, despite observed soil contamination. Oral soil ingestion, particularly for children, and indoor inhalation of elemental mercury vapor were identified as the main pathways of potential concern, though remaining within acceptable limits. This research provides critical, unprecedented data for the Certosa di Calci, offering a robust framework for assessing environmental quality and managing legacy contamination in historical heritage sites, serving as a vital case study for global preservation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging contaminants of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs): a review of sources, occurrence, and accumulation in plants.","authors":"Chao Wang, Wan Zurina Wan Jaafar, Sai Hin Lai, Jiake Li","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02766-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02766-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are emerging contaminants frequently detected in various environmental matrices, including plants. Their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity pose substantial ecological and health risks. Despite their ubiquity, a comprehensive understanding of PFCAs behaviour in plants remains inadequate. This review systematically evaluates the sources, occurrence, and accumulation of PFCAs in plants, offering critical insights into their environmental behaviour and impacts. It outlines the distinctive physicochemical properties and bioaccumulation potential of PFCAs, and examines their environmental sources and plant uptake pathways. The occurrence of PFCAs across diverse plant species is explored, alongside the mechanisms driving their accumulation. Key factors influencing PFCAs accumulation, such as plant species, environmental conditions, and the physicochemical properties of PFCAs, are thoroughly analysed. Moreover, this review identifies key research needs, such as understanding foliar uptake and precursor transformation, strengthening urban vegetation monitoring, developing regulatory thresholds for plant contamination, and evaluating phytoremediation performance under complex environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12464035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of water-sediment on nutrient dynamics in the lower yellow river.","authors":"Yimei Ying, Xu Wang, Meng Shang, Xinrui Cui, Ruijie Huang, Caili Su, Bing Han, Qian Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02768-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02768-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme (WSRS) artificially controls water and sediment processes in the lower Yellow River (LYR), while altering the longitudinal distribution of nutrients along the river. Affected by the confluence of tributaries and other complex factors, the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of nutrients during the water and sediment regulation (WSR) period are extremely complex. From June to August 2023, twelve sampling stations were established along the Yellow River, spanning from Xiaolangdi (XLD) to the Yellow River Estuary (YRE). Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were measured at these sites during three stages: the water regulation stage, the sediment regulation stage and the after-WSRS stage. This river segment is high nitrogen and low phosphorus, with nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) being the dominant forms. The Yiluo, Qin and Dawen rivers, as crucial tributaries, play a major role in regulating nutrient levels in the LYR as both sources and sinks. The result of PCA identified that PC1 (34.5%) correlated positively with flow, SSC, N, and P, and negatively with temperature and pH. PC2 (15.5%) linked to D₅₀, SSA, and EC. During the WSR stage, dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes of the Yellow River Estuary accounted for 15.21% and 17.33% of their respective annual totals in 2023. The DIN/DIP ratio indicated that the lower Yellow River exhibited a phosphorus-limited potential eutrophic state, and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and total phosphorus (TP) have not consistently met the Class II standard of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of China (GB3838-2002). Therefore, monitoring phosphorus pollutant inputs during the water-sediment regulation stage is of particular importance to river basin management agencies. This study enhances our understanding of nutrient transport during WSRS and offers a fresh perspective on nutrient delivery regulation in the LYR.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}