Environmental Geochemistry and Health最新文献

{"title":"Application of an organic-mineral biocomposite for sustainable remediation of post-industrial soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs).","authors":"Mariusz Z Gusiatin, Zbigniew Mazur, Maja Radziemska","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02473-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02473-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous technological innovations have been developed for managing post-industrial soils, but assisted phytostabilization-a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach-has attracted significant global interest. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a novel biocomposite, composed of fish waste compost and chalcedonite, in assisting the phytostabilization of soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), using Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) as a test plant. The results demonstrated that the biocomposite significantly increased soil pH (by 0.19 units), organic carbon content (by 174.3%), improving soil fertility by increasing nutrient availability (available P by 219.6%, and available K by 146.9%), and plant growth. Additionally, it promoted PTE accumulation in the roots while reducing Pb (44%), Zn (24%), Cu (23%), and Ni (14%) concentrations in the aerial parts, as well as Cd (71%), Ni (33%), and Cu (29%) levels in the soil. The biocomposite also altered the fractionation of PTEs, reducing their mobility and bioavailability. Specifically, it decreased the exchangeable fraction (F1) by 45% for Cu, 71% for Cd, 41% for Pb, and 24% for Zn, effectively limiting their environmental risk. Moreover, it promoted the redistribution of Pb and Zn into the reducible fraction (F2), Cu and Pb into the oxidizable fraction (F3), and Cu, Ni, and Cd into the residual fraction (F4), indicating enhanced stabilization. The highest immobilization efficiencies were observed for Cd (53.9%) and Pb (52.3%), confirming the biocomposite's effectiveness in reducing PTE mobility. These findings highlight the potential of biocomposite amendments in remediating PTE-contaminated soil by improving soil physicochemical properties, reducing PTE bioavailability, and enhancing phytostabilization efficiency. This approach supports sustainable waste valorization and circular economy principles, offering a promising strategy for rehabilitating post-industrial lands with high PTE contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 5","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of heavy metal content in agricultural soil samples in the Mekong Delta region, VietNam and human health risks.","authors":"Truong Thi Hong Loan, Tran Tuan Anh, Vo Hong Hai, Huynh Truc Phuong, Nguyen Van Thang, Vu Ngoc Ba","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02428-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02428-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinity intrusion due to climate change, together with industrialization and farming activities, has increased the heavy metal content in soil, causing serious risks to ecosystems and human health. In this study, neutron analysis was applied to determine the metal content in soil samples, exposure dose, pollution index, and multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the characteristics of each area. The results showed that the Zn content (235 mg/kg) in Soc Trang and Cr (213 mg/kg) in An Giang exceeded the permissible limit of Vietnam. Notably, the enrichment factor of U (Kien Giang) elements increased by 5.66 times compared to the background level. Although most elements tended to be enriched, metals such as As went against this trend. Principal component analysis revealed distinct regional distributions of observed variables in soils, while hierarchical clustering (AHC) and correlations between metals revealed strong associations between them in the environment. Children are at higher risk of both cancer and non-cancer events than adults when exposed to heavy metals and environmental pollutants through ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 5","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation and translocation of lead and cadmium in Lyophyllum decastes.","authors":"Guozhu Huang, Yali Xi, Fei Zang, Chuanyan Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02476-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02476-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lyophyllum decastes (L. decastes) is a very precious edible mushroom. With simple structure, mushrooms have been proved to have the phenomenon of accumulating heavy metals. To investigate the accumulation and transfer of L. decastes to heavy metals and the effects of heavy metals on agronomic traits and yield, we used lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) inhibitory test for L. decastes. The results indicated that the addition of Pb and Cd affected the growth of aerial mycelium, and thus decreased the growth rate of mycelia. At a Cd concentration of 50 mg L^-1, the mycelium reached its maximum tolerance concentration, but the maximum tolerance concentration of the mycelium had exceeded 1500 mg L^-1. The addition of Pb and Cd led to the deterioration of agronomic traits and the decrease of yield. At the same concentration (20 mg kg^-1), the negative effects of Cd on agronomic traits and yield were greater than that of Pb. The BAF values of the pileus and stipes under Pb treatments were < 1, which indicated that L. decastes was the bioexcluders of the elements Pb. The TF values were all greater than 1 under Cd treatments, indicated that the transfer ability of Cd was strong. This advancement has enhanced our knowledge of how heavy metals accumulate and distribute in mushrooms. The transfer ability of Cd was strong.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 5","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of ecological and human health risks of heavy metals in soils and Polygonatum sibiricum plants from various cultivation areas in China.","authors":"Longzhen Ding, Jingyang Gao, Dele Meng, Jianwei Zeng, Mingju Yuan, Jian Yang, Guangfeng Lyu, Qing Hu","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02477-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02477-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we collected 528 samples from 7 important Polygonatum sibiricum (P. sibiricum) planting areas in China. The P. sibiricum samples were classified into P. sibiricum Red., P. cyrtonema Hua. and P. kiugianum Col.et Hemsl. The content of the Cu, As, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cr in P. sibiricum and soil were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the ecological and health risks were evaluated. The results showed that addition to Cu, the soil exhibits varying degrees of excessive pollution from Zn, As, Pb, Cd, and Cr exceeding permissible levels (GB15618 - 2018, Soil environmental quality-Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land in China). Among them, 31.56% Zn, 22.43% As, and 22.05% Cd in soil exceeded the GB 15618 - 2018 standard. Additionally, three types of P. sibiricum soil have risks, with the risk level being P. cyrtonema Hua. > P. kiugianum Col.et Hemsl. > P. sibiricum Red. It was worth noting that the practice of artificial cultivation management may reduce the amount of As, Cd, and Cr in the soil while increasing the amount of Zn. The order of P. sibiricum bioaccumulating ability in different heavy metals was: Cd > Zn > Cu > Cr > As > Pb, and it had good tolerance to As, Pb, and Cr. In addition, the chronic daily intake, hazard quotient and hazard indexes indicate that the current Cu, Hg, As, Cd and Pb contents of P. sibiricum in China do not pose a health risk to humans. In summary, the impact of Cd in P. sibiricum should be given attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 5","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar-based composite microspheres embedded with zero-valent iron and soybean oil efficiently remove 1,1,1-trichloroethane and reshape microbial community in simulated groundwater.","authors":"Junjie Li, Haitao Yin, Liang Meng, Li Li, Haibo Gao, Chaohui Chu, Fenghua Wang, Huan Deng, Jingwen Hou","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02480-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02480-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing contamination of global groundwater by organic chlorine solvents poses a major threat to environmental and human health; however, there is a lack of structurally stable and effective materials for removing organic chlorine pollutants. In this study, biochar-based composite microspheres embedded with zero-valent iron (ZVI) and soybean oil were prepared and their effects on 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) removal and the microbial community in simulated groundwater system were investigated. The composite microspheres achieved a remarkable 85.79% removal rate of 1,1,1-TCA after 360 h in groundwater, which was 1.63 times higher than that of ZVI + biochar microspheres (52.69%) and 1.33 times higher than that of soybean oil + biochar microspheres (64.50%). The composite microspheres also significantly reduced the oxidation-reduction potential to - 248.52 mV and maintained a neutral pH range of 6.8-7.2, thereby creating favorable conditions for long-term reductive dechlorination. The surface morphology of the composite was stable during degradation, reflecting its potential for long-term usage. The rich network structure of microspheres and the micropore structure of the biochar were conducive to the capturing of pollutants, safety of microorganisms, and slow release of organic carbon. 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that the composite significantly affected the diversity and stability of the microbial community, especially promoting the growth and interaction of dechlorinating and fermentative microorganisms in the groundwater and composite microspheres. The preliminary removal mechanisms included biochar-induced adsorption and ZVI-induced chemical reduction in the early stage and biochemical coupling of dechlorination in the middle and last stages. The biochar-based composite microspheres significantly enhanced the effectiveness and consistency of 1,1,1-TCA removal, potentially being applied to in situ enhanced reductive dechlorination of organochlorine solvents in site groundwater. Moreover, considering the abundant porous structure and easy availability of biochar, it can effectively promote the sustainability and cost-efficiency of the microspheres during application.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 5","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced immobilization mechanisms and transport of simulated acid rain on chromium in contaminated soil mixed with nZVI/Ni.","authors":"Fang Zhu, Junxiang Liu, Tao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02478-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02478-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nano zero-valent iron/nickel (nZVI/Ni) was produced using liquid phase reduction method and characterized by SEM and XRD. In this study, the effect of dose of nZVI/Ni, pH value of acid rain, mixing method of nZVI/Ni by simulating rainfall leaching experiments in the soil column uniformly mixed with nZVI/Ni was studied. The concentration of Cr(VI), pH, conductivity and cumulative release of the leaching solution were measured. The convective dispersion equation model was successfully used to explain the transport behavior of nZVI/Ni in chromium contaminated soil mixed with nZVI/Ni. The speciation of Cr(VI) in the soil after leaching was determined by BCR continuous extraction method. The effect of nZVI/Ni application on the speciation of Cr(VI) in the soil was analyzed. Results showed that the best fixation efficiency was achieved when the nZVI/Ni dosage was 0.10% (w/w%) and pH of the simulated acid rain was 4.5. Pseudo-second-order kinetics characterizes the Cr elimination process better (R² > 0.99), suggesting that nZVI/Ni predominantly extracts Cr (VI) from polluted soil under acid rain leaching through chemical adsorption/desorption mechanisms. The entire adsorption process included surface diffusion, mesopore diffusion and micropore diffusion. Acid extractable and reduced chromium decreased from 30 to 9%. Oxidizable and residual chromium increased from 70 to 91% in the remediated soil. Cr(VI) in the soil can be reduced Cr (VI) to Cr (III) by nZVI/Ni in the presence of acid rain. The concentrations of Cr leached from the soil by TCLP, SPLP, and SBET methods were 0.11, 0.034 and 0.028 mg/L, which were lower than the standards. There are no obvious differences among the rapeseed stem, root lengths, seed germination rate and clean soil in the remediated soil. nZVI/Ni demonstrated superior treatment of real chromium polluted soil under acid rain. The theoretical foundation and scientific references for treating Cr (VI) polluted soil under acid rain is provided by this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 5","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kriging-interpolated mapping and predictive modeling of groundwater F^- and NO₃^- contamination with chemometric and health risk assessments in Ghana's Birimian Province.","authors":"Mahamuda Abu, Johnbosco C Egbueri, Johnson C Agbasi","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02453-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02453-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing global reports of fluoride (F^-) and nitrate (NO₃^-) contamination in groundwater highlight the urgency of identifying pollution hotspots to safeguard public health. This study investigates groundwater quality in two agricultural regions of Ghana's Birimian province, filling a vital research gap. This study utilized a diverse set of tools, including physicochemical analyses, violin plot visualizations, the Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG), the Water Pollution Index (WPI), health risk assessments, Pearson's correlation analysis, and artificial neural network modeling. These approaches evaluated the key factors affecting groundwater quality, identified contamination sources and hotspots, and assessed associated human health risks. Results revealed predominantly alkaline groundwater (pH 7-9), with F^- ranging from 0.0 to 1.5 mg/L and NO₃^- exceeding 500 mg/L in some areas. The PIG and WPI rated 81.94-94.44% of samples suitable for consumption, with mean scores of 0.54 and 0.51, respectively, highlighting NO₃^-, pH, and K⁺ as primary quality influencers. Violin plots showed multimodal distributions in TDS, NO₃^-, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺, suggesting complex hydrogeochemical dynamics. Health risk assessments indicated oral exposure risks ranging from low to very high, with NO₃^- posing a sixfold greater threat than F^-. Spatial analysis tied F^- contamination in central and southern areas to geological formations, while higher NO₃^- in the northern part aligned with agricultural activities. Correlation analysis and neural network modeling confirmed the geogenic origin of F^- whereas the mixed sources of NO₃^- strongly tied to anthropogenic inputs. These insights urge targeted remediation and offer a scalable framework for global groundwater challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 5","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problematic of soil contamination by industries in a protected area in Portugal.","authors":"Fernando Michels, Joana Ribeiro, Maria Helena Henriques","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02445-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02445-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the environmental legacy surrounding abandoned industrial sites, once powered by fossil fuels and operated in times of less stringent environmental regulations, is crucial today. This issue is especially pertinent in regions that have since become protected areas. Cabo Mondego, recognized internationally for its geological diversity, designated as a National Monument of Portugal, and included in the Atlantic Geopark project, represents such a region due to its history of potentially degrading activities associated with coal mining and an industrial complex focused on cement and lime production. To ensure the sustainable use of this protected area, it is essential to assess soil health. In this study, fifty soil samples were collected from areas bordering the decommissioned industrial complex and coal mining remnants. The research detected contaminants, their geochemical associations, and potential sources. The evaluation included comparisons with reference values, assessment of the contamination severity, multivariate data analysis, and spatial distribution analysis. Three primary anthropogenic sources of soil contamination were identified: (1) atmospheric emissions from the industrial complex, primarily linked to As and Se contamination, with additional samples showing contamination by Ni, V, and Cr; (2) localized coal mining waste disposal, associated with As, Mo, and Se contamination; and (3) isolated fuel contamination, indicated by elevated Pb levels. Additionally, the study suggests that geogenic sources contribute to the elevated As and U levels in soils with specific geological characteristics. This characterization of potential toxic contaminants in Cabo Mondego enhances the understanding of the region's vulnerabilities and highlights the importance of its protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 5","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11982105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe utilization of cadmium-rich soil for planting lilies and maize using a random forest model based on soil properties.","authors":"Liangliang Dai, Wenbing Ji, Wenbin Wu, Kai Chen, Hao Gong, Jun Zhang, Xiangrong Hu, Zhongfang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02461-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02461-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The factors influencing the uptake of soil Cd by crops are complex and closely related to the different crop varieties. Efficient and safe utilization of land resources with high soil Cd levels has become a significant challenge in the scientific community. This study focuses on the anomalously high Cd distribution area in the northern part of Longshan County, Hunan, China. By systematically collecting and testing Cd content in the edible parts of lily and maize, as well as corresponding root soil Cd, pH, and oxides, the study reveals the differences in the bioconcentration factors of Cd (BCF-Cd) for lily and maize and their influencing factors. Using the random forest method and hyperparameter optimization, optimal prediction models for BCF-Cd in lily and maize were established. The results indicate that the BCF-Cd of lily is significantly higher than that of maize. The primary factors influencing BCF-Cd in lily and maize include soil pH, Mn, OM, and ba. Feature importance analysis identifies pH as the most critical factor affecting BCF-Cd in both lily and maize. Based on the prediction results of the random forest model, this study proposes a zoning scheme for the safe utilization of arable land to maximize benefits while ensuring the medicinal safety of lily and the food safety of maize. This provides scientific evidence for ensuring food security and maximizing the productive value of land resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 5","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissipation kinetics, safety evaluation and decontamination of residues of the combi-formulation emamectin benzoate 1.50% + fipronil 3.50% SC in/on chilli.","authors":"Muskan Baltoo, Tanuja Banshtu, Sapna Katna, Ajay Sharma, Sakshi Sharma, Arzoo Bakshi, Siddhant Thakur","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02466-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02466-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the persistence of emamectin benzoate 1.50% + fipronil 3.50% SC at recommended and 1.25 times the recommended doses on green, red chilli fruits and soil. QuEChERS method was validated for reliable and effective analysis of residues in green, red chilli fruits and soil matrices. Limit of quantification (LOQ) for emamectin benzoate and fipronil on chilli was 0.01 mg kg^-1 and 0.002 mg kg^-1, respectively. Initial deposits of emamectin benzoate and fipronil on green chilli at X dose were 0.261 and 0.321 mg kg^-1, respectively and at 1.25X dose residues were 0.319 and 0.394 mg kg^-1, respectively. Whereas, initial deposits of emamectin benzoate and fipronil on chilli cropped soil at X dose were 0.015 and 0.143 mg kg^-1, respectively and at 1.25 X dose were 0.260 and 0.171 mg kg^-1, respectively. In red chilli fruits, the residues of both the test insecticides were found < LOQ at final harvest at both the doses. Safe waiting periods of 5.26 and 9.06 days for emamectin benzoate and fipronil as combi-product was suggested at X and 1.25 X dose, respectively. The half-lives for test combi-product ranged between 1.26 and 1.71 days. Dietary risk assessment revealed that Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI) was < Maximum Permissible Intake (MPI), while Hazard Quotient (HQ) was < 1, thus indicating the combi-product to be safe for consumption. Treating chilli fruits with lukewarm water + 5% NaHCO₃ solution for 10 min removed maximum residues (63.82%) and proved as a good house hold practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 5","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}