Environmental Geochemistry and Health最新文献

{"title":"Enrichment mechanism and probabilistic health risk assessment of high-fluoride groundwater in Gaomi City, China.","authors":"Jialiang Li, Jierui Dai, Liyuan Yang, Hongjin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-024-02308-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-024-02308-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoride (F) is the most important inorganic pollutant in groundwater that affects human health, and analyzing the causes of high-fluoride groundwater is a prerequisite for protecting the health of residents. To comprehensively understand the enrichment characteristics of groundwater in the high-fluoride areas, this study systematically investigated the concentrations of fluoride in Gaomi City, a typical study area in the Jiaolai Plain and explored the spatiotemporal distribution patterns, enrichment mechanisms, and the probabilistic health risk associated with F^-. The results indicate that there is serious fluorine pollution in groundwater, which is mainly concentrated in the alluvial plain in the north and affected by topographical and aquifer characteristics. Favorable runoff conditions effectively improve the fluoride status of shallow groundwater on both sides of rivers and in hilly areas. Hydrogeochemical methods reveal the mechanism of fluoride enrichment. The relative contributions rates of different hydrogeochemical processes to the fluoride enrichment are as follows: dissolution and precipitation (39.02%) > cation exchange (25.25%) > competitive adsorption (19.48%) > seawater intrusion (3.14%) > evaporative and concentration (1.99%). Health risk assessment based on Monte Carlo simulation shows that health risk susceptibilities of different populations are infants (76.07%), children (66.59%), teenagers (44.54%), and adults (5.68%), respectively. In addition, targeted management suggestions are put forward regarding the enrichment mechanisms of fluoride in groundwater and its impact on health. These findings have significant implications for controlling regional diffuse F^- contamination in groundwater, protecting public health, and promoting social development in regions with a high risk of groundwater fluoride contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interlayers geo-environmental assessment of phosphate waste rock for sustainable management practices.","authors":"Safa Chlahbi, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Abdellatif Elghali, Samia Rochdane, Essaid Zerouali, Tikou Belem","doi":"10.1007/s10653-024-02329-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-024-02329-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphate mines produce large quantities of waste rock. These waste rocks are mixed and managed on the surface as large unrestored piles, which makes them difficult to rehabilitate. They primarily comprise carbonates, clays, marls, and cherts (flints). In many cases, the unrestored mine sites, when exposed to normal climatic conditions, could frequently produce toxic environmental pollution, and significant ecological disruptions. This research aims to assess the phosphate waste rock's (PWR) geochemistry and environmental behavior upstream of the extraction process. For this purpose, different core drilling specimens and data were collected from different lithologies and depths in the interlayers of the Benguerir mine to forecast the environmental profile and determine the mobility of the analyzed chemical species. These samples were analyzed for their petrographical, chemical, and mineralogical compositions, static leaching tests, and semi-dynamic test. The mineralogy results showed that the PWR mainly consists of calcite, dolomite, apatite, and quartz, with minor phases such as clay minerals. Chemically, the PWRs are dominated by the following major oxides: CaO and MgO, followed by SiO₂ and P₂O₅. Trace elements can be classified into three groups based on their concentrations: group of Sr, Zn and Cr (> 150 ppm), group of Ba, V, Ni, Zr, Y, U, Cu, Cd, Co (10-150 ppm), and group of trace elements with relatively low concentrations (< 10 ppm): Rb, Pb, As, Mo, Se, Sc, Ga, Nb, Th, Hf, Sb and Cs. Environmentally, the pH of the leachates was neutral to alkaline (6 ± 0.6-9.3) for all the samples, which have a high neutralizing potential (38-991 kg CaCO₃/t). The release of major and trace elements in the leaching test remains below international standard limits. Consequently, the leaching test results confirm the non-hazardous nature of the PWR. Therefore, the studied PWR could be considered a natural raw material and can be used in various applications in different sectors, such as civil engineering, cement industry, phosphate recovery, and acid mine drainage treatment through neutralization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical distribution characteristics of microplastics and bacterial communities in the sediment columns of Jianhu lake in China.","authors":"Xueyang Xie, Qingguo Yu, Xiao Li, Bo Li, Hang Wang, Yang Liu, Xu Luo, Shunxin Gao, Ziwen Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-024-02325-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02325-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms change the properties of microplastics, at the same time, microplastics can also affect the distribution of microorganisms. To investigate this issue, we chose to study Jianhu Lake, a plateau lake in southwestern China, by collecting data at three sampling locations. The microplastics and bacterial communities in the sediment columns of Jianhu Lake were sampled within a 0 to 60 cm profile, and the basic characteristics of microplastic abundance, shape, color, size, and polymer type were determined accordingly, via their collection, separation, extraction, and identification. The bacterial community in the sediment samples were identified using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and we assessed whether those microplastic characteristics influenced the community composition and structure. We found the abundance of microplastics ranged from 624 to 3050 particles/kg (dw [dry weight]) in the three sediment columns. Line microplastics accounted for the largest proportion and these were found distributed in each layer. The polymer types present in the largest proportions were rayon (RY), polyester terephthalate (PET) and low-density styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS). Among the bacterial communities in the sediment columns, the dominant phyla were Chloroflexi, Sva0485, Acidobacteriota, etc. The co-occurrence network analysis between the bacterial community and microplastic features in the sediment columns of Jianhu Lake revealed that there was a correlation between them, and the network were more complex at a depth of 20-40 cm. Our results demonstrate that microplastics can affect the diversity and structural characteristics of microbial communities in a lake ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline concentrations and quantitative health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in relation to particle grain size in street dust of Warsaw Poland.","authors":"Sylwia Dytłow, Jakub Karasiński, Julio Cesar Torres-Elguera","doi":"10.1007/s10653-024-02344-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02344-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Total concentrations, toxicity, and health risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in street dust from Warsaw (Poland) in 6 granulometric fractions were investigated. Street dust was collected from 149 sampling points distributed among Area 1 (central districts, left bank of the Vistula River, mostly traffic-related pollution) and Area 2&3 (suburb area, mostly residential, right bank of the river). Street dust was investigated before (\"all\") and after separating into 5 size-dependent samples: (1-0.8 mm) \"0.8\", (0.8-0.6 mm) \"0.6\", (0.6-0.4 mm) \"0.4\", (0.4-0.2 mm) \"0.2\", and (below 0.2 mm) \" < 0.2\". ΣPAH mean concentration was 3.21 mg/kg for Area 1 and 0.89 mg/kg for Area 2&3. ∑BaP_TPE values calculated collectively for Area 1&2&3 were observed to be 318.3, 83.5, 131.1, 81.4, 164.3, and 339.7 ng/g for \"all\", \"0.6\", \"0.4\", \"0.2\", and \" < 0.2\", respectively. Significant differences in ∑BaP_TPE values were observed between fractions and specific areas. The cancer risk levels for children and adults, for all particulate size fractions, were comparable for dermal contact and by ingestion and ranged from 10^-5 to 10^-4, whereas the cancer risk levels via inhalation always ranged from 10^-10 to 10^-8. Therefore, inhalation of resuspended street dust is almost negligible compared to other pathways. Environmental implication. Street dust pollution in cities is one of the most important issues in the world and it negatively affects the quality of the environment and people's health. This study contributed to filling the gap in knowledge about the characteristics of PAH contaminants in the subject of the grain size of street dust from Poland and assessing the potential health risks. Therefore, our work has provided new significant information on PAH pollution, methods of measuring PAHs content and assessing the risk to human health, which may be useful to the scientific community, policymakers, and the general public.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of biochemical characteristics of tetracycline-contaminated soil for stimulating soybean growth using Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.","authors":"Donghao Chang, Lina Yu, Yizhi Mao, Yunshu Wu, Baiyan Cai","doi":"10.1007/s10653-024-02343-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-024-02343-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tetracycline (TC), as a new type of environmental pollutant, poses a great threat to human food safety and health, thus becoming the focus of human environmental protection issues. In this study, we selected an environmentally friendly microbial remediation method to degrade the residual TC in soil. An experiment was conducted with Funneliformis mosseae (F. mosseae) and artificial TC-contaminated soil to analyze the physiology, antimicrobial enzyme activities, and TC residues in soybean plants and rhizomatous soil. The results showed that the presence of TC in the soil inhibited the enzyme activities of soybean root system and soil, and suppressed the biomass of soybean. Inoculation of F. mosseae in TC-contaminated soil promoted the degradation of TC in the soil, enhanced soil resistance enzyme and urease activities (12.53-43.48%) around the root soil, and enhanced the soil resistance enzymes and promoted the uptake of nutrients in the soybean root system.We conclude that F. mosseae may reduce antibiotics or promote nutrient uptake to enhance plant resistance by altering inter-root enzyme activity. Therefore, this study provides a new theoretical basis for using AMF to remediate TC-contaminated soil and retard the stress of TC on the growth of soybean.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The accumulation process of pollutants in deposited particles of different sizes on different roads in Beijing, China.","authors":"Xiaoli Du, Fei Liu, Rongying Jiang, Dianxi Tian, Zedong Zheng, Huihui Sheng","doi":"10.1007/s10653-024-02338-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-024-02338-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Road-Deposited Sediments (RDS) samples were collected from four different roads in Beijing, and the distribution of pollutants in RDS with various particle sizes was compared. In this study, the cumulative mass of RDS exhibited a positive correlation with the number of dry days, and the RDS load below 75 μm was also influenced by road traffic volume. As traffic volume escalated, there was a corresponding increase in the load of these smaller RDS. Most pollutants accumulated within RDS with sizes below 150 μm, rendering them the primary contributors to the pollution. In terms of the antecedent dry-weather days, fifteen days emerged as a potentially pivotal point, with both the rate of pollutant accumulation and the contribution of pollution sources to RDS having stabilized after this duration. The origins of pollutants in roads of different functional areas exhibited certain disparities. The pollutants on major roads with high traffic volume were attributed to frequent vehicular activities. The pollutants on residential roads stemmed from soil particles and fallen leaves in the roadside green belts as well as from human activities. And the pollutants on urban-rural crossroad might be attributed to the industrial contamination with factories located on one side.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of magnetic properties to heavy metals pollution recorded by sediments of Nanchang City reach of Ganjiang River, East China.","authors":"Simeng Wang, Wen Li, Changsheng Ye, Yingqiu Gao, Yuqin Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10653-024-02320-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02320-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, sediment samples from the HT and QS profiles of the Ganjiang River are selected to represent the river reach that does not enter and entered the Nanchang City urban area, respectively. Environmental magnetism, granulometry, and heavy metal of these samples were analyzed to assess the relationship between magnetic properties and heavy metal. The results showed that the mean χ value of QS profile is 20.32 × 10^-8m³/kg, which is higher than that in HT profile (3.80 × 10^-8m³/kg), indicating the higher magnetic mineral concentrations. The relatively higher S_-100mT, S_-300mT, and lower χ_ARM/χ, χ_ARM/SIRM values of QS profile suggest the lower imperfect antiferromagnetic mineral proportion and the coarser magnetic minerals grains, respectively. The heavy metals (i.e., As, Cd, Sb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb) concentration of QS profile is markedly higher than that of HT profile. The PLI of QS profile ranges from 0.5 to 3.33, higher than that in HT profile (0.22 to 2.02), revealing the more serious pollution in urban areas and would be attributed to human activities. In QS and HT profile, the concentration-dependent magnetic parameters (e.g., χ, SIRM, HIRM) are significantly positively correlated with heavy metals and PLI. We also found that with a similar particle size composition, the sediment samples with higher pollution levels exhibit higher χ, SIRM, S_-100mT, S_-300mT, and lower χ_ARM/χ, χ_ARM/SIRM values, indicating the response of magnetic properties to heavy metal pollution. Magnetic parameters can be used as a heavy metal pollution indicator in the Ganjiang River.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of fluorine from lepidolite hydrometallurgy wastewater by aluminum modified zeolite.","authors":"Huichun Gong, Pingchao Ke, Yipeng Zhou, Lingling Xu, Guang He, Peng Jian","doi":"10.1007/s10653-024-02331-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02331-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoride contamination is a serious environmental problem in lepidolite hydrometallurgy wastewater. The treatment of fluoride-bearing wastewater is challenging because of the presence of coexisting ions including lithium (Li⁺), rubidium (Rb⁺), silicate (SiO₃^2-), sulfate radical (SO₄^2-). However, aluminum-modified zeolite (Al@zeolite) with sufficient hydroxyl groups and high adaptability has unique advantages for eliminating fluoride from lepidolite hydrometallurgy wastewater. Al@zeolite was prepared on natural zeolite by an atmospheric process and then used for the adsorption of fluorine from fluoride-bearing wastewater produced by the lepidolite hydrometallurgy process. The results of material characterization confirmed the successful immobilization of aluminum within the zeolite pores and indicated the formation of zeolite-Al-OH. The zeolite host significantly enhanced the chemical stability of Al@zeolite against pH changes for a wide pH range of 2.0-10.0. The adsorbent had a surface area of 33.46 m²/g and demonstrated excellent capacity and selectivity for fluoride adsorption. Notably, a maximum adsorption of 98.6% was observed at a pH value of 6.0 for a duration of 20 min with a fluoride content of 20 mg/L, and the equilibrium concentration decreased to 0.4 mg/L. The results of fluorine adsorption showed that fluoride uptake onto Al@zeolite agreed well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. The reusability of the substance was evaluated for up to eight cycles following consecutive regeneration with 0.2 mol/L AlCl₃. The exhausted Al@zeolite was effectively regenerated through simple alkaline treatment for recycling. The above results verified that Al@zeolite is a new kind of efficient defluoridation adsorbent for lepidolite hydrometallurgy wastewater with practical application prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the impact of heavy metal mixed exposure on lipid metabolism using three statistical models.","authors":"Changmao Long, Xiangjun Wang, Dongsheng Wang, Yuqing Chen, Baojun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-024-02328-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02328-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid metabolism disorders pose a significant threat to human health. However, the relationship between heavy metal mixed exposure and lipid metabolism remains poorly understood. This study recruited 1717 residents living near a chromium factory in northeast China. The concentrations of blood Cr, Mn, Cd, Pb, V, and serum CHOL, TG, LDL and HDL levels were measured. Generalized linear model (GLM), quantile g-computation (Qg-comp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were simultaneously employed to investigate the associations between heavy metal mixed exposure and lipid markers levels. GLM analysis revealed significant associations between blood Cr concentration and HDL (β =  -0.07; 95%CI:  -0.09,  -0.05), LDL (β =  -0.06; 95%CI:  -0.11,  -0.02), and CHOL (β = 0.07; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.12) levels. V concentration was positively associated with HDL (β = 0.12; 95%CI: 0.06, 0.18) and LDL (β = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.30) levels. Qg-comp analysis indicated a negative association between heavy metal mixed exposure and HDL (β =  -0.040; 95%CI:  -0.073,  -0.006) level. BKMR model further confirmed the negative relationship between heavy metal mixed exposure and HDL, with the interaction between blood Cr (> 1.05 μg/L) and blood V (> 5.16 μg/L) contributing to decreased HDL levels. Our findings suggested that heavy metal mixed exposure had impacts on HDL and CHOL levels, and the Cr and V may mutually play a predominant role in the observed abnormal HDL levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual level of chlorine disinfectant, the formation of disinfection by-products, and its impact on soil enzyme activity.","authors":"Li Hua, Xinlong Wei, Meiting Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-024-02337-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02337-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disinfectants can kill pathogenic microorganisms, effectively block the spread of infectious diseases, and are widely used during epidemics. However, a little has been studied about the environmental hazards caused by the heavy use of disinfectants. In this paper, the residual situation of chlorine ions in the soil, possible disinfection by-products (DBPs), and effects on soil enzyme activities after using 84 disinfectants (main component: sodium hypochlorite) and hypochlorite disinfectant (main component: hypochlorous acid) were investigated. It was found that the residual rates were generally higher than 92% for the 84 disinfectant treatment and between 80% ~ 90% for the hypochlorite disinfectant treatments. The overall change in chlorine ion concentration in the soil-leaching solution of the hypochlorite disinfectant treatments was relatively small and stable compared to the 84 disinfectant treatments. Several types of trihalomethanes (THMs) were detected after 24 h of disinfection. The generation concentration of THMs was higher for the 84 disinfectant than for the hypochlorite disinfectant. The generation of trichloromethane was the highest, ranging from 1000 to 3000 μg/L. Soil enzyme activities changed much when the soil was treated with the disinfectant for 28 days. The above results indicated that hypochlorite disinfectant was safer and more stable than 84 disinfectants, and trichloromethane should be strictly controlled as a key indicator among the disinfection by-products. In addition, the long-term application of disinfectants affects soil enzyme activities obviously.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}