Environmental Geochemistry and Health最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of water-sediment on nutrient dynamics in the lower yellow river.","authors":"Yimei Ying, Xu Wang, Meng Shang, Xinrui Cui, Ruijie Huang, Caili Su, Bing Han, Qian Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02768-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02768-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme (WSRS) artificially controls water and sediment processes in the lower Yellow River (LYR), while altering the longitudinal distribution of nutrients along the river. Affected by the confluence of tributaries and other complex factors, the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of nutrients during the water and sediment regulation (WSR) period are extremely complex. From June to August 2023, twelve sampling stations were established along the Yellow River, spanning from Xiaolangdi (XLD) to the Yellow River Estuary (YRE). Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were measured at these sites during three stages: the water regulation stage, the sediment regulation stage and the after-WSRS stage. This river segment is high nitrogen and low phosphorus, with nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) being the dominant forms. The Yiluo, Qin and Dawen rivers, as crucial tributaries, play a major role in regulating nutrient levels in the LYR as both sources and sinks. The result of PCA identified that PC1 (34.5%) correlated positively with flow, SSC, N, and P, and negatively with temperature and pH. PC2 (15.5%) linked to D₅₀, SSA, and EC. During the WSR stage, dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes of the Yellow River Estuary accounted for 15.21% and 17.33% of their respective annual totals in 2023. The DIN/DIP ratio indicated that the lower Yellow River exhibited a phosphorus-limited potential eutrophic state, and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and total phosphorus (TP) have not consistently met the Class II standard of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of China (GB3838-2002). Therefore, monitoring phosphorus pollutant inputs during the water-sediment regulation stage is of particular importance to river basin management agencies. This study enhances our understanding of nutrient transport during WSRS and offers a fresh perspective on nutrient delivery regulation in the LYR.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humidity-dependent ammonium formation and enhanced light scattering in agricultural aerosols.","authors":"Chien-Hao Lin, Ling-Ya Chen, Ting-Yu Chiang, Sally C W Tai, Shih-Yu Chang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02764-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02764-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atmospheric ammonium (NH₄⁺)-containing aerosols significantly impact air quality and visibility, yet formation mechanisms in ammonia-rich agricultural environments remain poorly understood due to complex humidity-dependent conversion processes. Agricultural regions exhibit ammonia-excess conditions with substantially higher NH₃ concentrations, creating distinct inorganic aerosol formation pathways beyond traditional acid-base neutralization mechanisms. This study investigated NH₄⁺ aerosol formation mechanisms though continuous hourly measurements at an agricultural site during peak NH₃ emission periods. Water-soluble inorganic ions, gaseous precursors, and light scattering coefficients were measured to investigate humidity-dependent NH₄⁺ formation and optical properties in ammonia-rich conditions. Agricultural environments demonstrated ammonia-excess conditions during stagnant meteorological periods, enabling investigation of NH₄⁺ formation beyond stoichiometric acid-base neutralization. NH₃-to-NH₄⁺ conversion efficiency peaked at moderate relative humidity (60-80% RH) but declined at higher humidity levels (> 80% RH), reflecting distinct chemical regimes in semi-deliquesced versus fully deliquesced aerosols. Agricultural aerosols exhibited significant residual NH₄⁺ formation and enhanced light scattering efficiency, primarily due to NH₄NO₃ prevalence and residual NH₄⁺ contributions. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated strong performance (R² > 0.82) in quantifying aerosol optical properties. Combined contributions of NH₄NO₃ and residual NH₄⁺ accounted for approximately 40-49% of total light scattering, with dramatic enhancement during stagnant conditions. These findings indicate the humidity-dependent NH₃ conversion mechanisms in agricultural environments and suggest that NH₃ emissions controls might be particularly important in ammonia-rich regions. Further multi-site and multi-season studies are needed to validate the generalizability of these mechanisms for regional air quality management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of land use and land cover changes on air quality and human health in selected cities of West Bengal.","authors":"Nikhil Nabik, Jaidul Islam, Amit Kumar, Uday Chatterjee, Basudeb Pyne","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02744-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02744-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Land use and land cover (LULC) changes are essential to air pollution dynamics, affecting atmospheric composition and urban microclimates. Previous research explored air pollution trends, but limited studies examined its spatiotemporal relationship with LULC changes in rapidly growing urban regions. This study assessed the impact of LULC changes on air quality in Asansol, Bardhhaman, and Bankura cities of West Bengal, including their buffer zones, from 1990 to 2023. LULC classification was conducted using Landsat 5 and 8 data, processed in Erdas Imagine, identifying six land-use types: water bodies, vegetation, agricultural land, built-up areas, barren land, and sand deposits. Air pollution parameters (CO, NO₂, SO₂, CH₄, and O₃) were extracted from Sentinel-5P satellite data and analysed using Google Earth Engine. The findings revealed a decline in agricultural land and vegetation, with urban expansion leading to increased pollutant concentrations. Between 1990 and 2023, agricultural land declined from 66.86 to 56.81% in Asansol and from 77.92 to 68.31% in Bardhhaman, while Bankura showed a marginal increase. Simultaneously, urban areas expanded significantly, contributing to increased CO, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ levels, especially in densely populated areas. The findings revealed the direct influence of LULC changes on air quality, with urbanisation increasing pollution due to vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and reducing vegetation cover. The study emphasises the urgent need for sustainable land-use planning, effective emission control strategies, and the development of urban green infrastructure to reduce the environmental degradation and health risks caused by rapid and unplanned urban expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial mineralization for remediating heavy metal-contaminated groundwater: mechanisms, applications, advances, and perspectives.","authors":"Dajin Liu, Hui Liu, Fanfan Ju, Aiwei Zhang, Yuxin Zhang, Ziwen Ding, Yuyong Wu, Xinxin Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02753-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02753-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metal pollution in groundwater poses a serious threat to ecological integrity and human health. In-situ remediation mediated by microbial mineralization is widely considered a promising strategy to mitigate such contamination. However, the complex interactions among microorganisms, heavy metals, and minerals, as well as key bottlenecks in engineering applications, require deeper analysis. Combining bibliometric analysis with mechanistic insights and engineering case studies, this review synthesizes core metabolic pathways for microbial mineralization of heavy metals, elucidates how carbonate, sulfide, and phosphate mineral formation drives heavy metal immobilization, and identifies current research frontiers and emerging trends. Results reveal that remediation efficiency crucially depends on: (1) microbial metabolic resilience in extreme environments, (2) pH-mediated control over mineralization product stability, and (3) dynamic equilibrium between heavy metal concentrations and microbial community tolerance. Engineering applications demonstrate that high-efficiency strain cultivation/immobilization enhances microbial adaptability, while integrated remediation systems enable synergistic multi-metal removal. Current challenges include suppressed microbial activity in extreme environments, low treatment efficacy in complex pollution systems, and inadequate long-term stability monitoring of mineralized products. Future research should prioritize: Enhancing strain tolerance via synthetic biology, developing synergistic remediation technologies, advancing microbe-nano hybrid materials, and establishing intelligent monitoring systems-collectively enabling efficient, sustainable groundwater remediation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and health risks of heavy metal pollution in the soil of parks in Kaifeng City.","authors":"Jing Li, Haijing Duan, Jiaheng Li, Yue Liu, Wenjing Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02762-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02762-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the impact of urban park soils on ecological quality and human health, representative parks with high visitor traffic were selected for this study. A total of 89 soil samples were collected, and the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Mn) were determined using ICP-MS. Their contamination levels, ecological risks, and human health risks were assessed, and pollution sources were qualitatively identified. The results showed that the average concentrations of ω(Cr), ω(Ni), ω(Cu), ω(Zn), ω(Cd), ω(Pb), and ω(Mn) were 60.33, 30.38, 24.77, 88.51, 0.22, 56.81, and 692.74 mg/kg, respectively, all of which exceeded the local background values. The average order of Igeo for the heavy metals was as follows: Pb (0.86) > Cd (0.65) > Ni (- 0.32) > Mn (- 0.39) > Cr (- 0.45) > Cu (- 0.52) > Zn (- 0.60). The average pollution load index (PLI) was 1.83, with parks P4, P10, and P2 classified as moderately contaminated. Ecological risk assessment indicated that Cd posed the highest single-element risk, and parks P10 and P4 exhibited relatively high ecological risks, while the overall study area maintained a moderate risk level. Health risk assessment revealed that the hazard index (HI) values for both adults and children were below 1, suggesting no significant non-carcinogenic risk. However, the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) for children was more than ten times higher than that for adults. Chromium (Cr) was identified as the major contributing factor, and oral ingestion was determined as the primary exposure route. Monte Carlo simulation further highlighted that children faced higher cumulative non-carcinogenic risks than adults, with key influencing factors being ingestion rate (Ing) for children and dermal contact (SL) for adults. Both groups were within acceptable carcinogenic risk levels, with exposure duration (ED) being the most sensitive parameter.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic levels in the hair of people exposed to arsenic and awareness of its risk factors.","authors":"Xiangping Chen, Siyu Liu, Manman Shi, Yan Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02717-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02717-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arsenic is widely found in nature, and because of its carcinogenic properties, it has come to be a serious threat to human health. The effects of arsenic on the human body are influenced by a variety of factors, including the level of arsenic in external environmental pollutants and individual human factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of arsenic in populations living in arsenic-contaminated areas and the influencing factors. Environmental media samples (water and wheat) and biological samples (hair) were selected for arsenic analysis in both arsenic-contaminated and arsenic-safe areas. Socio-demographic information and behavioral characteristics information were obtained from questionnaires to analyze factors that cause an increase in arsenic levels in the body. In study area, 89.33% of the water samples exceeded the national standard (10 μg/L) and 2.13% of the wheat samples had arsenic concentrations above the safe limit (0.5 mg/kg). In contrast, arsenic levels in drinking water and wheat in the control area were within safe limits. A presence of 29 (29.29%) respondents with levels of arsenic in hair higher than 1 mg/kg was found in arsenic-contaminated areas. The results of the analysis showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the level of arsenic in the hair of the inhabitants of arsenic-contaminated areas and those of arsenic-safe areas, with concentrations of 0.967 mg/kg and 0.392 mg/kg, respectively. Univariate comparative analysis of factors affecting body arsenic levels showed correlations between sex, age, years of residence, smoking, disease history, wheat-based food intake, and levels of arsenic in hair. Multiple linear regression analysis identified gender, age, and wheat-based food intake as risk factors for increased arsenic levels. The study of factors influencing the level of arsenic in the body can provide a scientific basis for the precise prevention and control of health problems resulting from environmental pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring residue profiles and risk assessment of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil in peas (Pisum sativum L.).","authors":"Sapna Katna, Tanuja Banshtu, Shubhra Singh, Nisha Devi, Arvind Kumar, Sakshi Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02738-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02738-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil are widely utilised fungicides in agriculture for the control of fungal diseases; however, their residues in food may present health hazards, necessitating thorough monitoring. This research examines the dissipation trends and dietary risk associated with azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil residues in peas. The QuEChERS approach was employed for extraction and clean-up, followed by Gas chromatography-micro Electron Capture Detector (GC-µECD) analysis. Validation of the method confirmed its specificity, linearity, matrix effect, accuracy, precision, and robustness, with detection and quantification limits set at 0.003 mg/kg and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The initial residue concentrations in pea pods at the suggested dosage were recorded at 0.350 mg/kg for azoxystrobin and 0.228 mg/kg for chlorothalonil, which increased to 0.408 mg/kg and 0.388 mg/kg when applying 1.25 times the recommended dosage. Residue levels in green peas were lower, showing values of 0.022 mg/kg for azoxystrobin and 0.017 mg/kg for chlorothalonil at the advised dosage, and 0.063 mg/kg and 0.030 mg/kg at the higher dosage. Acute Hazard Index (aHI) values remained below 100%, indicating that acute dietary risks are considered acceptable, while Hazard Quotient (HQ) values under 1 imply that chronic dietary exposure stays within safe boundaries. These findings establish that the dietary risks fall within acceptable limits, ensuring the safety of consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in surface and groundwater of volcanic and granite regions of Hainan Island, China: Pollution status, sources, and health risk evaluation.","authors":"Jianzhou Yang, Yong Li, Shengyue Liang, Min Zhang, Jingjing Gong, Yufang Li, Qiankun Yan, Xiaohui Sun, Zuyang Xu, Xueju Liu, Shuqi Hu, Jianweng Gao, Zhenliang Wang, Liling Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02757-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02757-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The safety of water resources in regions with naturally high geochemical backgrounds of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) represents a critical environmental issue. This study investigates the concentrations, sources, and health risks of PTEs in surface water and groundwater from volcanic and granite regions of Hainan Island, China. A total of 58 surface water and 26 groundwater samples were collected from the volcanic region, along with 22 surface water samples from the granite region. Ten PTEs (As, Cd, Pb, Se, Hg, B, Cr, I, Mo, and F) were analyzed using a combination of atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ion-selective electrode method (ISE), and catalytic spectrophotometry (COL). The results showed that surface water generally contained low PTE concentrations, remaining below national regulatory thresholds, whereas groundwater in the volcanic region exhibited significantly elevated levels of As (up to 59 μg/L) and Cr (up to 23.4 μg/L). Pollution index (PI) results indicated that 15.4% of groundwater samples exceeded the acceptable limit for As. Health risk assessments revealed that while non-carcinogenic risks were generally low, arsenic in groundwater posed potential health concerns for children (HQ approaching 1). Carcinogenic risk assessment further identified As and Cr in groundwater as the dominant contributors, with total cancer risk values exceeding the acceptable limit (> 1.0 × 10^- 4), reaching 3.67 × 10^- 3 for adults and 4.37 × 10^- 3 for children. These findings demonstrate the combined influence of geological and anthropogenic factors on groundwater quality in volcanic regions and underscore the urgent need for targeted monitoring and region-specific water safety strategies in Hainan.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents and stoichiometry across natural and artificial vegetation types in Qitaihe City, Northeast China.","authors":"Chen Yang, Guocan Zhang, Jihong Li, Bing Yu","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02765-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02765-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and their stoichiometry are vital indicators of ecosystem nutrient status and biogeochemical cycling. Vegetation restoration is a key strategy for reviving degraded mining ecosystems, yet how different vegetation types regulate soil C, N, P balance remains insufficiently understood. To address this gap, we collected 156 soil samples (0-60 cm) under 12 vegetation types, including artificial (rice, maize, soybean, and flat peach) and natural (grassland, herbaceous swamp, bushland, shrub swamp, red pine, scots pine, larch, and poplar) vegetation, in typical coal-mining areas of Northeast China. Results revealed significant differences between artificial and natural vegetation. Soils under rice and maize had the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) (24.91 and 25.10 g/kg) and total nitrogen (TN) (1.83 and 1.70 g/kg), about 114-116% and 73-87% higher than those under bushland (SOC: 11.63 g/kg, TN: 0.98 g/kg). The average total phosphorus content (0.69 g/kg) and soil C/N ratio (14.03) in the study area both exceeded the national averages (0.38 g/kg and 11.9, respectively), whereas other soil nutrients remained below national averages. The SOC was closely related to soil pH and moisture content. Longitude, soil temperature, and soil moisture also correlated with soil C, N, P and their stoichiometry. Our findings demonstrate that rice, maize, and larch are the most effective vegetation types for enhancing soil C, N, P contents and stabilizing stoichiometric balance, advancing the understanding of vegetation-soil nutrient interactions and offering clear guidance for targeted restoration in degraded coal-mining areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead toxicity to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and their accumulation mechanisms in soil.","authors":"Maodong Qi, Wenzhi Lei, Jingran Sun, Yaohui Mu, Pingping Wang, Suilong Ai, Muhammad Ashraf, Lixin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02758-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02758-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead (Pb) is a cumulative toxic metal. however, the absorption mechanism and accumulation strategy of Pb by earthworms remain unclear. This study investigated the toxic effects of Pb on Eisenia fetida after 28 days of exposure to Pb-spiked soil, as well as the absorption pathways and accumulation sites of Pb in earthworms. The results indicated that as Pb concentrations increased, Pb content in earthworms gradually rose, leading to reduced survival rate and body weight. Additionally, damage to tissues and organs, such as the body wall and gut, was observed. Earthworm activity increased the bioavailability of Pb in the soil. The primary pathway for Pb absorption in earthworms was through ingestion of the reducible and oxidizable fractions of Pb present in the soil. Pb staining results indicated that chloragogenous tissue is the primary accumulation site for Pb in earthworms. The distribution pattern of Pb in subcellular fractions showed a hierarchy: granules > cellular debris > cellular cytosol, suggesting that earthworms detoxify Pb by sequestering it into less bioavailable forms. Structural equation models demonstrated that the oxidizable and reducible fractions of Pb in soil significantly influenced the concentration and subcellular distribution of Pb in earthworms, serving as important indicators of Pb bioavailability. This study elucidated the absorption pathways and accumulation sites of Pb in earthworms, providing a theoretical basis for future research on Pb detoxification mechanisms in these organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}