Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Trends in rhizosheath research: Formation, functions and methods","authors":"Yinan Huang ,&nbsp;Moxian Chen ,&nbsp;Junhao Xu ,&nbsp;Menglei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Mehtab Muhammad Aslam ,&nbsp;Jian Kang ,&nbsp;Tianming Hu ,&nbsp;Tie-Yuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rhizosheath, a unique rhizosphere structure, comprises soil particles cemented to roots through synergistic interactions between root hair proliferation and mucilage deposition. Rhizosheath formation, widely present in angiosperms, is predominantly observed in the Poaceae family and is coordinately regulated by interdependent factors, soil physicochemical properties, and plant-microbe interactions. Rhizosheath-mediated ecosystem services encompass multifunctional advantages: optimizing water/nutrient acquisition efficiency, buffering root apices from mechanical stress, modulating microbial community assembly, and accelerating soil organic carbon/nitrogen transfer. This review systematically synthesizes current knowledge on the rhizosheath by (1) revealing rhizosheath formation mechanisms, encompassing the roles of soil properties, root traits, and microbial interactions; (2) interpreting its multifunctionality; (3) addressing its agricultural application potential; (4) summarizing methodologies for analyzing its functionality and formation dynamics. We discuss its functional roles in agriculture and evaluate current methodologies, prioritizing field-based approaches. Future studies should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying rhizosheath formation while employing integrated multidisciplinary strategies to translate fundamental discoveries into applied innovations for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating transcriptomic and physiological analyses to uncover the mechanisms of cell enlargement in promoting organ succulence in Suaeda salsa","authors":"Dong Zhang ,&nbsp;Axiang Cai ,&nbsp;Changyan Tian ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Mai","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Suaeda salsa</em> (<em>S. salsa</em>), a typical euhalophyte, serves as a model halophyte for studying salt tolerance, with leaf succulence playing a key role in its response to salt stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cell enlargement contributing to organ succulence remain poorly understood. This study integrates transcriptome and physiological analyses to investigate the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), and their interaction treatment on leaf succulence in <em>S. salsa</em>. Results indicate that NaCl, CaCl₂, and their combination significantly increase leaf succulence and epidermal cell size. These treatments also enhance the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, along with the upregulation of cell wall remodeling genes (<em>XTHs</em>, <em>EXPs</em>, and <em>LRXs</em>), thereby improving cell wall extensibility. Protein–protein interaction network analysis further identified a strong association between SAUR19 (in the auxin signaling pathway) and <em>EXPA10</em>, a gene related to cell wall loosening (Combined score = 0.638). <em>SAUR</em> gene expression was markedly upregulated under all treatments, suggesting a critical role for auxin in promoting succulence. Additionally, increased sodium, chloride, and calcium concentrations enhanced leaf water content, driving cell expansion and contributing to the succulence of organs. These findings demonstrate that ion homeostasis, auxin signaling, and cell wall remodeling collectively mediate succulence in <em>S. salsa</em> under salt stress. This study offers new insights into the molecular basis of organ succulence in halophytes. It offers theoretical insights for improving salt tolerance in crops, with potential applications in sustainable agriculture for regions with saline soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PeCPK21 interacts with HMAPs to tolerate elevated cadmium stress in Populus × canescens","authors":"Kexin Yin ,&nbsp;Zhe Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Zhao ,&nbsp;Caixia Yan ,&nbsp;Ziyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Bing Feng ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Kaiyue Dong ,&nbsp;Rui Shi ,&nbsp;Jun Yao ,&nbsp;Nan Zhao ,&nbsp;Shaoliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving Cd²⁺ tolerance in poplars is crucial for reclaiming Cd²⁺-contaminated soils with fast-growing trees. Overexpression of <em>PeCPK21</em>, a Ca²⁺-dependent protein kinase gene from <em>Populus euphratica</em>, mitigates the toxicity of elevated CdCl₂ stress (500 µM, 30 d) in <em>Populus</em> × <em>canescens</em>. HaloTag pull-down and mass spectrometry assays showed that PeCPK21 interacted with various heavy metal stress-associated proteins (HMAPs), including heavy metal transport-related proteins, photosynthesis-linked proteins, membrane intrinsic proteins, and antioxidant enzymes. The corresponding expression profiles of HMAPs following cadmium exposure revealed that the PeCPK21-interacting proteins served to limit the build-up of Cd²⁺, boost antioxidant defenses, and improve photosynthesis and water management in Cd²⁺-stressed poplars. <em>PcXTH6</em> and <em>PcSOD[Fe]</em> were transferred to <em>P.</em> × <em>canescens</em> and Arabidopsis to confirm the contribution of PeCPK21-interacting proteins to Cd²⁺ tolerance. Overexpression of <em>PcXTH6</em> increased the ability to limit Cd²⁺ in transgenic <em>P.</em> × <em>canescens</em> and Arabidopsis under elevated cadmium stress. This was due to the PcXTH6-enhanced xyloglucan degradation activity, which reduces Cd²⁺ binding sites in the cell wall, ultimately leading to decreased Cd²⁺ uptake and accumulation under high cadmium conditions. Furthermore, <em>PcSOD[Fe]</em> overexpression increased ROS-scavenging capacity in transgenic <em>P.</em> × <em>canescens</em> and Arabidopsis under elevated cadmium stress. It can be concluded that PeCPK21 interacts with PcXTH6 and PcSOD[Fe] to limit Cd²⁺ and ROS concentrations under prolonged and severe cadmium exposure, thereby attenuating the detrimental effects of Cd²⁺ on plant growth, photosynthesis, water retention, and antioxidant defenses. The insights on interactions between PeCPK21-HMAPs could be used to genetically engineer woody species for Cd²⁺ tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field applications of auxin postpone berry ripening in grapevine by altering hormonal dynamics and gene expression","authors":"Oscar Bellon ,&nbsp;Ron Shmuleviz ,&nbsp;Michele Faralli ,&nbsp;Marianna Fasoli ,&nbsp;Giovanni Battista Tornielli ,&nbsp;Stefania Pilati ,&nbsp;Domenico Masuero ,&nbsp;Urska Vrhovsek ,&nbsp;Alessandra Amato ,&nbsp;Claudio Moser ,&nbsp;Sara Zenoni","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and rising temperatures exert significant influence on viticulture by advancing phenological progression and accelerating berry development. These shifts result in modifications to grape chemical composition and are often associated with a decline in fruit quality parameters. Auxin hormones are well known modulators of berry maturation, and their application during pre-veraison period has been shown to delay ripening. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this delay remain largely unexplored. This study applied an exogenous auxin to Chardonnay and Corvina grape clusters during pre-veraison period, leading to a significant delay in ripening development. Key ripening parameters, including total soluble solids, berry weight, pH, and total acidity, were indeed postponed in both varieties following the treatment. Hormonal profiling revealed a delay in the accumulation of the two indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugated forms. A delay in the accumulation of free abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA-glucosyl ester during the veraison interval was also observed. Gene expression analysis aligned with the measurements of technological parameters and hormones concentration demonstrating a delay in the induction of key ripening-associated transcription factors. This study provides insights into the molecular regulation of ripening onset in grape berries recommending auxin application as a potential tool for mitigating the effects of climate change on the acceleration of grapevine phenology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase gene family reveal the role of PnCOMT1 in phytomelatonin biosynthesis and biotic stress tolerance in Panax notoginseng","authors":"Jianbin Li ,&nbsp;Leilin Li ,&nbsp;Jiae Hou ,&nbsp;Mingtao Ai ,&nbsp;Tiantai Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuming Cui ,&nbsp;Qian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Panax notoginseng</em>, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is renowned for its rich and diverse triterpenoid saponins. <em>P. notoginseng</em> is extremely vulnerable to pathogens during cultivation due to its unique growth conditions. Phytomelatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MT), a ubiquitous signaling molecule essential for plant biotic resistance, is catalyzed by Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) from N-acetyl-serotonin in the cytoplasm. However, information on COMT with N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) activity was lacking in <em>P. notoginseng</em>. In this study, twelve putative <em>PnCOMT</em> genes were identified in <em>P. notoginseng</em>. Furthermore, its physiochemical characteristics, phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal distribution, gene collinearity and promoter <em>cis</em>-element were investigated. Among them, <em>Pno01G002223.t1</em> (<em>PnCOMT1</em>) was considered a potential MT biosynthesis gene based on its high similarity to <em>AtCOMT1</em>, which is involved in MT biosynthesis in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. The PnCOMT1 protein is localized in the cytoplasm. Notably, <em>P. notoginseng caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1</em> (<em>PnCOMT1</em>) showed a high transcript level after MT treatment and black blot disease infection. To further evaluate PnCOMT1 function in MT biosynthesis, we overexpressed or complemented the <em>PnCOMT1</em> gene in the <em>A. thaliana comt</em> mutant and <em>P. notoginseng</em> callus. Overexpression/complementation of <em>PnCOMT1</em> significantly increased the concentration of phytomelatonin in <em>P. notoginseng</em> callus and <em>A. thaliana comt</em> mutant. Furthermore, <em>PnCOMT1</em>-overexpressing <em>A. thaliana</em> plant (PnCOMT1-OE) showed higher immunity-related genes expression and MAPK activity, and lower bacterial abundance after <em>Pst</em> DC3000/flg22 treatment compared with <em>comt</em> mutant and <em>comt</em> complemented (<em>comt/</em>PnCOMT1) plants, indicating that overexpression of <em>PnCOMT1</em> increased the bacterial resistance of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Taken together, our results indicated that PnCOMT1 positively regulates biotic stress resistance via enhancement of endogenous phytomelatonin biosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acclimation to high light intensity increases leaf photosynthetic capacity and NPQ kinetics, but barely affects photosynthetic induction rate","authors":"Bingjie Shao ,&nbsp;Yuqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Leo F.M. Marcelis ,&nbsp;Elias Kaiser ,&nbsp;Tao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crops often grow under fluctuating irradiance, requiring photosynthesis to dynamically adjust to these fluctuations. However, to what extent acclimation to different growth irradiances affects this dynamic response remains unclear. To elucidate this, three widely cultivated horticultural crops (cucumber, tomato, and sweet pepper) were grown under three irradiances (100, 300, and 600 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹). Leaf morphology, pigmentation, steady-state and dynamic photosynthetic gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence were analyzed. In all three species, higher irradiance significantly increased leaf pigment concentration, light-saturated net photosynthesis rate (<em>A</em>_sat), mitochondrial respiration rate (<em>R</em>_d), maximum carboxylation rate (<em>V</em>_cmax), electron transport rate at high irradiance (<em>J</em>₁₅₀₀), maximum rate of triose phosphate use (TPU), and the rates of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) induction. However, different growth irradiances had few effects on the optimization of quantum yield of CO₂ assimilation (<em>Φ</em>_CO2) and photosynthetic induction rates. Only cucumber leaves grown under 600 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ exhibited a slower photosynthetic induction rate (<em>t</em>₉₀, time to reach 90 % of full photosynthetic induction) compared to those grown at lower irradiances, due to reduced stomatal opening speed and stronger biochemical limitation. Our findings enhance the understanding of photosynthetic acclimation to growth irradiance, provide options for optimizing supplemental lighting in greenhouses and the controlled environment agriculture, and offer insights for modeling photosynthesis under both steady and fluctuating irradiance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The physiological mechanisms of waterlogging priming on aerenchyma formation in secondary roots of wheat under waterlogging stress","authors":"Yanfeng Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao Wang,&nbsp;Maguje Masa Malko,&nbsp;Qin Zhou,&nbsp;Jian Cai,&nbsp;Yingxin Zhong,&nbsp;Mei Huang,&nbsp;Dong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waterlogging stress seriously constrains crop growth and yield formation. Most dryland crops adapt to waterlogging by forming more aerenchyma in roots to maintain oxygen supply under low oxygen conditions. However, the mechanisms by which waterlogging priming affects aerenchyma formation are still not fully understood. In this study, during the four-leaf stage of wheat, plants were challenged with waterlogging for seven days after 2-day priming and 10-day recovery. The secondary roots of wheat were further divided into old nodal roots and newly elongated nodal roots. Under waterlogging stress, for the priming-sensitive cultivar, aerenchyma formation rate in old nodal roots was relatively faster and more sensitive to priming than that in newly elongated nodal roots. Waterlogging priming had a positive effect for the priming-sensitive cultivar on the aerenchyma formation in wheat secondary roots by affecting the generation of signalling substances. Under waterlogging conditions, the aerenchyma formation in old nodal roots of wheat was more correlated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ethylene, while in newly elongated nodal roots, it was more correlated with ROS and Ca^2 + . Our findings reveal new insights into the physiological mechanisms of waterlogging priming to improve the survival ability of wheat roots under waterlogging environments, and provide biological information on wheat root adaptation to waterlogging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tradeoffs between root morphology and carboxylate exudation occur in different alfalfa growth stages and soil depths under water and phosphorus stress","authors":"Mei Chen ,&nbsp;Jing-Wei Fan ,&nbsp;Hannah M. Schneider ,&nbsp;Li Hou ,&nbsp;Fuping Tian ,&nbsp;Hong Zhao ,&nbsp;Feng-Min Li ,&nbsp;Yan-Lei Du","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Root morphological traits and carboxylate exudation in forage crops are known to respond differently to phosphorus (P) limitation or water stress. However, their dynamic adaptation across different growth stages and soil depths under combined P and water deficit remain poorly understood. This study investigated root morphology and rhizosphere carboxylate components of alfalfa at two growth stages (60 and 90 days after sowing, DAS) and two soil depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) under three P treatments (0, 20 and 40 mg P kg⁻¹ dry soil applied as KH₂PO₄) and two water treatments (well-watered for 1–90 DAS; and well-watered for 1–60 DAS then water-stressed for 61–90 DAS). Alfalfa changed P acquisition strategies from thinner root morphology and increased carboxylates during the early growth stage and in deep soils to thicker root morphology at the later growth stage and in topsoil under P-limited conditions. The combined effects of low-P and water stress significantly increased root diameter and root tissue density, while reduced specific root length and carboxylate exudation of alfalfa in topsoil. Alfalfa employs dynamic, developmental stage-specific strategies to respond to P and water stress through coordinated shifts in root morphology and carboxylate exudation across soil depths. These findings provided a theoretical foundation for breeding forage crops with high water- and P-use efficiencies and for developing sustainable agricultural management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA319-targeted RaTCP1 regulates heterophylly in North American Lake Cress","authors":"Gaojie Li ,&nbsp;Shiqi Hu ,&nbsp;Tomoaki Sakamoto ,&nbsp;Shuka Ikematsu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Yang ,&nbsp;Xuyao Zhao ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Schultz ,&nbsp;Seisuke Kimura ,&nbsp;Hongwei Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterophylly, the plasticity of leaf form in response to environmental conditions, widely occurs in aquatic and amphibious plants. <em>Rorippa aquatica</em> produces simple or shallow-serrated leaves in terrestrial conditions but deep dissected leaves under submerged conditions. Regulation of CIN-TCP transcription factors by <em>miR319</em> controls leaf complexity in several species and here we provide evidence that this regulatory module acts in the heterophylly of <em>R. aquatica</em>. <em>RaTCP1</em>, one of the orthologs of <em>AtTCP4</em> in <em>R. aquatica</em>, was identified as the most likely target of <em>Raq-miR319b</em>. Under submerged conditions that induced increased leaf complexity, <em>RaTCP1</em> expression was reduced whereas <em>Raq-miR319b</em> expression was increased<em>.</em> Overexpressing <em>Raq-miR319b</em> in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> reduced <em>TCP</em> gene expression and increased leaf serration. Ectopic expression of <em>RaTCP1</em> rescued the phenotype of crinkled leaf form in <em>tcp</em> mutants of <em>A. thaliana</em>. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulated in terrestrial leaves of <em>R. aquatica</em>, while it was absent in submerged conditions. We found that the expression of <em>Raq-miR319b</em> can be induced by submergence, while it was repressed by ABA. Our results indicate that the environments regulated heterophylly in <em>R. aquatica</em> occur through the <em>miR319-TCP</em> module. These findings provide novel insights into how the plasticity of leaf shape is established in aquatic plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting light pollution effects on photoperiodic growth in short-day plants: Photon quantity and quality thresholds for sensitive species","authors":"Madigan Eckels,&nbsp;Bruce Bugbee","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An undesired flux of photons during an otherwise dark period is often referred to as light pollution (LP). This pollution is altering the biology of our planet. The effects have been well studied in animals, but are less well characterized in plants. Here were report the threshold sensitivity of three soybean and seven cannabis cultivars to light pollution. The effects of LP are thought to be mediated by phytochrome, and this hypothesis was evaluated by comparing responses from either cool white or red LP with estimated internal phytochrome photoequilbria of 0.57 and 0.87, respectively. Cultivar responses were highly variable, and the most sensitive cultivars of each species responded to a photon flux density of 0.01 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (10 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹). Plants exhibited delayed flowering, decreased inflorescence development rate, and increased vertical growth. Consistent with phytochrome mediated effects, red light caused greater photoperiodic disruption than white light. We found that soybeans that require longer nights to flower may be more tolerant to LP. Similarly, less-responsive cultivars of cannabis may have a longer critical night length. These findings illuminate the need for unpolluted darkness in photosensitive plants and establish physiological thresholds for LP quantity and quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}