Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient mediation of sink strength in the Orobanche minor – Red clover association","authors":"Mao Hattori,&nbsp;Clarissa Frances Frederica ,&nbsp;Louis John Irving","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Holoparasites are non-photosynthetic plants which derive all their growth requirements from their host plant and are thought to act as a very strong sink for host resources. Here, we grew red clover plants in split-root boxes to explore the effect of nutrient supply to <em>Orobanche minor</em> parasitized or unparasitized host roots. Where nutrients were supplied to parasitized roots, parasite growth was strongly promoted at the expense of the host. Conversely, host growth did not differ significantly from unparasitized controls where nutrients were supplied to unparasitized roots. While ¹⁵N labelling suggested both strong parasitic ammonium abstraction and reduced nitrate uptake in parasitized roots, the total N content of systems where nutrients were fed to parasitized roots was approximately 26 % higher than control plants, suggesting that changes in host and parasite growth rates were due to changes in sink strength, rather than nutrient uptake. Parasitism and nutrient supply had strong effects on leaf carbohydrate metabolism but did not affect photosynthetic rates or leaf N concentration. In the second experiment, we investigated the importance of light level on the host – parasite relationship, concluding that parasitism had a diminished effect on host growth under low light conditions. Total system mass was unaffected by the apparent sink strength of the parasite. Our results suggest a dynamic relationship between host shoot and parasite sink strengths, mediated by changes in nutrient status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering genetic mechanisms of Al toxicity tolerance through meta-QTL analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Sandeep Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Anita Kumari ,&nbsp;Kuldeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Vijaya Laxmi ,&nbsp;Simardeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Harendra Verma ,&nbsp;Philanim Shimray ,&nbsp;Letngam Touthang ,&nbsp;Manjeet Talukdar ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Binay K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice is known for its tolerance to high aluminum (Al) concentrations in soil. However, the precise genetic and physiological mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Recent research has identified several candidate genes (CGs) and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Al toxicity tolerance in rice. Nevertheless, many more QTLs/genes are yet to be precisely mapped. We employed meta-QTL (M-QTL) analysis, integrating 12 independent mapping studies and 5 Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). The meta-analysis identified 53 M-QTLs from 157 projected QTLs, which were further narrowed down to 28 M-QTLs based on the number of overlapping QTLs on a consensus map. Gene identification through batch retrieval from the RAP database yielded 2765 non-redundant genes within the 28 M-QTL regions. Comparison of M-QTL CGs with six expression datasets associated with Al toxicity tolerance in rice resulted in the identification of 219 CGs with significant differential expression. Notably, 34 CGs were identified to be common across at least 2 studies. Further downstream analyses of CGs revealed the presence of <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements, transcription factors, and transporter proteins related to the Al toxicity tolerance response. Additionally, we analyzed the expression patterns of the four CGs, namely <em>NRT2.3</em>, <em>ALMT4</em>, <em>MT1</em>, and <em>MTP11</em>, which showed significant upregulation in the Al toxicity-tolerant rice genotype, Anjali. Conversely, in the sensitive genotype Swarna, only <em>NRT2.3</em> exhibited upregulation, while <em>ALMT4</em>, <em>MT1</em>, and <em>MTP11</em> were downregulated. Our study highlights significant meta-regions that hold the potential for improving rice genotypes for enhanced tolerance to Al toxicity in acidic soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher endogenous abscisic acid confers greater tolerance to saline-alkaline stress in Petunia hybrida","authors":"Xueqi Liu ,&nbsp;Hongzhuang Niu ,&nbsp;Jiazhe Li,&nbsp;Decheng Jiang,&nbsp;Ruihong Chen,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Qian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saline-alkaline stress not only leads to reduced crop yields but also diminishes the ornamental value of flowers. While petunia exhibits tolerance to saline-alkaline stress, research on the mechanisms underlying this tolerance remains unreported. We investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying saline-alkaline stress tolerance using two petunia genotypes (Haishishenlou and Mitchell Diploid) with differing tolerance levels. Haishishenlou exhibited less inhibition of growth under saline-alkaline stress compared to Mitchell Diploid, as indicated by higher biomass. Higher endogenous concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) and greater expression levels of ABA biosynthetic genes and lower expression levels of ABA catabolic genes in Haishishenlou than in Mitchell Diploid were observed when challenged by saline-alkaline stress, suggesting that a higher concentration of ABA may underpin the greater tolerance of Haishishenlou to saline-alkaline stress than that of Mitchell Diploid. Under saline-alkaline conditions, Haishishenlou displayed higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rates, Pro and soluble sugars content, as well as higher activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and a lower Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. Exogenous application of ABA alleviated the growth inhibition induced by saline-alkaline stress, promoted the accumulation of proline and soluble sugar, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio, and improved antioxidative capacity. These results indicated that a higher endogenous concentration of ABA may underpin the greater tolerance of petunia seedlings to saline-alkaline stress, and exogenous ABA improves the saline-alkaline tolerance of petunia seedlings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absorption and partitioning mechanism of nitrogen oxides by typical greening species of tree in Beijing","authors":"Shaowei Lu ,&nbsp;Mengxue Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Fang ,&nbsp;Junjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaotian Xu ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Qin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Liu ,&nbsp;Na Zhao ,&nbsp;Shaoning Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we analyzed the uptake of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and its processes of distribution in various organs of different typical greening species of trees and the differences in its uptake by these different species using the ¹⁵N stable isotope tracer method under the gradient of three NO₂ concentration treatments, namely, low, medium and high. These experiments were conducted using one-time artificial fumigation to provide necessary data and theoretical support for the selection and application of species of greening trees in urban gardens. The treatments of fumigation with different concentrations of NO₂ showed that the leaves of the six species of trees had the highest content of ¹⁵N. The organs that were the most effective at taking up ¹⁵N were the leaves in broadleaf trees and the branches in conifers. The content of ¹⁵N per unit of the leaves (0.0058–2.0486 μg/g) increased in parallel with the concentration of fumigant and then was rapidly transported to various organs in the tree. This caused different degrees of changes in other organs. The total content of ¹⁵N per unit was higher in the broadleaf species (0.0129–2.3171 μg/g) than in the conifers (0.0296–0.1260 μg/g). The leaves of broadleaf trees were the most effective at taking up ¹⁵N (0.0054–1.3228 %) under medium and high concentrations of fumigant with the exception of ginkgo. The ability of each organ of the other broadleaf species was leaves&gt;branches&gt;trunks&gt;roots, and the branches of conifers were the most effective parts of the trees at taking up NO₂ under three concentrations of fumigants (0.0789–0.4005 %). The highest rate of distribution of ¹⁵N was found in the leaves (48.14–99.53 %) in all six species under different concentrations of fumigant, and the distribution in the other organs varied to different degrees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar flavonoids across an elevation gradient: Plasticity in response to UV, and links with floral pigmentation patterning","authors":"Matthew H. Koski ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Leonard ,&nbsp;Nishanth Tharayil","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolites produced in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway (FBP) mitigate abiotic stress caused by factors such as ultraviolet (UV) light. Testing whether constitutive flavonoid production or flavonoid plasticity differ between populations spanning ecological gradients can reveal whether geographic patterns are consistent with local adaptation. Abiotic induction of flavonoids can occur in leaves as well as flowers where flavonoids influence UV color patterns perceived by pollinators. Assessing how foliar flavonoids are associated with floral color phenotypes can shed light on how pleiotropy affects biochemical phenotypes across tissues. We exposed <em>Argentina anserina</em> (Rosaceae) plants from alpine and lower elevation populations to low and high levels of UV and measured foliar and petal flavonoid production using UHPLC coupled mass spectrometry. We associated foliar flavonoid abundance with petal flavonoid abundance, and the size of the UV absorbing petal area (‘UV bullseye’). We found that total foliar flavonoids increased in response to UV due to flavonol upregulation, but only one class of flavonols, fisetin, exhibited stronger plasticity in alpine populations. Alpine populations tended to increase the quercetin-kaempferol ratio more than low elevation populations when exposed to higher UV, a signature of photoprotection and radical scavenging. Relationships between foliar flavonoids and the floral UV bullseye differed between alpine and low elevation populations. Previous work showed kaempferol glycosides contributed to variation in UV bullseye size at high elevation, while non-kaempferols spanning multiple FBP branches were associated with bullseye size at low elevation. Here, we found that alpine plants with less foliar kaempferol and greater kaempferol allocation to petals than leaves had larger floral UV-bullseyes, suggesting that floral UV patterning may be shaped by a biochemical tradeoff between tissues. Overall, nuanced elevational differences in flavonoid plasticity revealed by detailed metabolite classification provided support for local adaptation. Additionally, our study highlights that flavonoid production in leaves could influence the evolution of flavonoid-based floral phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors determining the invasion pattern of Ageratina adenophora Spreng. in Kumaun Himalaya India","authors":"Bhawna Negi ,&nbsp;Kavita Khatri ,&nbsp;Surendra Singh Bargali ,&nbsp;Kiran Bargali","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Factors such as topography, soil composition, and nutrient availability significantly influence the density patterns of <em>Ageratina adenophora</em>. Understanding these dynamics addresses a gap in our knowledge of the species' adaptive mechanisms in mountainous regions. Furthermore, the impact of habitat features along road corridors on the population dynamics of invasive plants remains underexplored, particularly regarding the effects of disturbance levels, light availability, and soil properties on their establishment. A species-specific rapid ecological assessment was conducted using stratified random sampling, with parallel transects of 50 × 2 m established in triplicates at 20 m intervals. This resulted in 43 main transects across the identified plots and 67 parallel transects in adjacent habitats. The number of individuals of <em>A. adenophora</em> and its clumps were recorded from each quadrat. Chemical and physical parameters of soil were measured for soil collected from 0 to 15 cm depth. Linear Mixed Model analysis revealed a significant negative effect of elevation (p&lt;0.05) on the density of clumped individuals (Estimate: −0.31, t-value: −3.05), total individuals (Estimate: −0.27, t-value: −2.61), and clump number (Estimate: −0.30, t-value: −4.78). Western aspect also showed a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in clumped individuals (Estimate: −1.83, t-value: −2.80), total individuals (Estimate: −2.24, t-value: −3.47), and clump number (Estimate: −0.81, t-value: −1.97). Total <em>A. adenophora</em> density was highest near settlements (133 ind. m², Estimate: 1.19) and grasslands (103 ind. m², Estimate: 1.16), but lowest in broadleaf forests (26 ind. m²). Density decreased significantly with increasing distance from road verges (Estimate: −0.24, t-value: −2.34). Soil moisture content positively influenced total individuals (Estimate: 0.19, t-value: 2.75), clumped individuals (Estimate: 0.23, t-value: 3.20), clump numbers (Estimate: 0.05, t-value: 1.09), and individuals per clump (Estimate: 0.37, t-value: 3.28). Available nitrogen positively influenced non-clumped individuals (Estimate: 0.17, t-value: 2.04) but negatively affected individuals per clump (Estimate: −0.25, t-value: −2.21), indicating that lower nitrogen levels correlate with higher individual density per clump. Hence, effective restoration efforts are needed including soil improvement, invasive species removal and control, and the planting of native species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saline-alkaline conditions altered Bolboschoenus planiculmis carbon and nitrogen allocation tradeoffs","authors":"Jingyao Wang,&nbsp;Fengxue Shi,&nbsp;Liu Yang,&nbsp;Haibo Jiang,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Chunguang He","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization is an important factor that limits global agricultural production, specifically limiting the effectiveness of nitrogen-carbon resources and inhibiting plant growth. However, previous observations have focused on resource allocation, and there is little information about the coordination of carbon-nitrogen acquisition, allocation, and regulatory processes. We performed glasshouse pot experiments under different saline-alkaline conditions, and we measured 66 above- and belowground functional traits of <em>Bolboschoenus planiculmis</em>, to examine carbon-nitrogen resource acquisition and allocation strategies and their driving processes. Saline-alkaline conditions shifted <em>B. planiculmis</em> root-leaf functional traits toward a more acquisitive phenotype. Under low saline-alkaline conditions, although the root-leaf economic strategy inhibited resource acquisition efficiency, the opportunistic carbon-nitrogen capture and allocation strategy contributed to the maintenance of normal growth. However, highly saline-alkaline conditions led to the early enrichment of carbon-nitrogen resources in the corm. Additionally, saline-alkaline conditions altered the importance of physiological and biochemical processes in the carbon and nitrogen allocation regulatory network. In summary, <em>B. planiculmis</em> uses an opportunistic resource acquisition strategy under saline-alkaline conditions and a salt-avoidance allocation strategy under highly saline-alkaline conditions. This approach enables the maintenance of growth dominance under saline-alkaline conditions via gradient resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inoculation with multifunctional Bacillus sp. NEAU-DCB1-2 mitigates chromium toxicity in pakchoi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) through a multi-level mechanism","authors":"Lifeng Guo ,&nbsp;Dandan Du ,&nbsp;Tingting Li ,&nbsp;Ling Ling ,&nbsp;Wenshuai Song ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Yu ,&nbsp;Junlei Zhao ,&nbsp;Wensheng Xiang ,&nbsp;Junwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil chromium (Cr) accumulation is escalating, severely hindering plant growth and development. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have shown potential in enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metals. However, the role and mechanisms of Cr(VI)-reducing PGPB strains in improving the growth of pakchoi under Cr toxicity remain unclear. This study aimed to isolate a Cr(VI)-reducing PGPB strain from Cr-contaminated soil, evaluate its effect on pakchoi growth under Cr(VI) stress, and investigate the mechanisms involved. Our findings showed that <em>Bacillus</em> sp. NEAU-DCB1–2 effectively reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and produced indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores. Under Cr(VI) stress, inoculation with NEAU-DC1–2 significantly promoted seed germination and early growth of pakchoi. In pot experiments, NEAU-DCB1–2 significantly increased biomass accumulation, plant height, and root length of Cr(VI)-treated pakchoi seedlings, while reducing the Cr(VI) content in root, shoot and soil. Moreover, NEAU-DCB1–2 greatly increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities in seedlings under Cr(VI) stress, thereby reducing malondialdehyde content. Transcriptome analysis indicated substantial alterations in gene expression patterns after inoculation with NEAU-DCB1–2 under Cr(VI) stress. Further analyses revealed that NEAU-DCB1–2 mainly affected the responses of antioxidant system, metal chelation and transport, together with auxin, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid signaling to Cr(VI) stress. Conclusively, the Cr(VI)-reducing PGPB strain NEAU-DCB1–2 significantly enhances the growth and Cr tolerance of pakchoi through multiple mechanisms, offering a valuable microbial resource for mitigating the adverse effects of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils on the yield and safety of vegetable crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of shaker K+ channel gene family in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and function of BvSKOR in response to salt and drought stresses","authors":"Ya-Dan Hu ,&nbsp;Pan-Pan Ren ,&nbsp;Ming Wei ,&nbsp;Henri Batoko ,&nbsp;Guo-Qiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potassium (K⁺) is the most abundant cation in plants, which is absorbed by roots and distributed throughout the plants and within plant cells, and is involved in various cellular processes. Shaker K⁺ channel plays crucial roles in the absorption and distribution of K⁺ and in the response to abiotic stress in plants. Herein, a total of six shaker K⁺ channel genes, <em>BvKAT1</em>, <em>BvKAT3</em>, <em>BvAKT1</em>, <em>BvAKT2</em>, <em>BvAKT5</em>, and <em>BvSKOR</em>, were identified in the genome of sugar beet (<em>Beta vulgaris</em> L.). The coding domain sequences (CDS) of these genes ranged from 2232 to 2739 bp, and protein lengths were varied from 743 to 912 aa. The shaker K⁺ channel genes contained hormone-related and light responsiveness <em>cis</em>-acting regulatory elements. The phylogenetic analysis showed that BvSKOR was highly conserved and contained six transmembrane structures. The expression patterns of <em>BvSKOR</em> under salt and osmotic stress were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and found that the expression level of <em>BvSKOR</em> under low concentration salt and osmotic stress at short period of treatment were significantly higher than that of the control group. The function of <em>BvSKOR</em> was further verified in tobacco (<em>Nicotiana tabacum</em>), and the results showed that under salt and osmotic stress, the roots of transgenic plants were significantly stronger than those of wild type (WT) plants, and the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugar, soluble proteins contents and antioxidant enzyme activity were significantly higher than those of WT plants. These results indicated that overexpression of <em>BvSKOR</em> can significantly enhance the salt and drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants. This study could provide theoretical support and genetic resources for genetic improvement of crops stress resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to drought stress via regulating respiration and ROS metabolism during germination","authors":"Yangmengfei She ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Bai ,&nbsp;Xuping Lu ,&nbsp;Weifang Min ,&nbsp;Tinglu Liao ,&nbsp;Lei Tian ,&nbsp;Peifu Li ,&nbsp;Chengke Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Germination marks a pivotal and sensitive phase in the life cycle of crops, with drought stress, precipitated by water scarcity, posing a significant impediment to the germination process in rice. Despite this, the regulation mechanism of respiratory and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism during rice germination under drought stress remains to be fully elucidated. This manuscript presents an integrative analysis encompassing morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular attributes of germinated seeds from a cultivated drought-sensitive rice variety (JN10) and a drought-resistant rice variety (NG36). Our findings revealed that drought stress adversely affected the germination of both rice varieties, with NG36 exhibiting a more rapid germination rate compared to JN10 under such stress conditions. This differential response was attributed to the heightened activities of key enzymes, elevated levels of metabolic intermediates, and upregulated expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in ROS and respiratory metabolic pathways in NG36. To further dissect the interplay between these metabolic pathways, we selected specific enzyme activities for detailed examination. Notably, a robust positive linear correlation was established among phosphofructokinase (PFK), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), citrate synthase (CS), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) in NG36. This correlation underscores the pivotal role of glycolytic pathways, particularly the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, in conferring drought resistance to NG36 during the germination phase under drought stress. To encapsulate our findings, the results of this investigation suggest that the rice cultivar NG36 manifests a heightened degree of drought tolerance relative to JN10. This is primarily achieved through the adept modulation of its respiratory metabolic pathways and the stringent preservation of ROS homeostasis during the germination phase under conditions of water deficit. These revelations provide unprecedented insights into the intricate regulatory mechanisms that subserve rice's drought resistance, potentially paving the way for the development of novel strategies in the breeding of rice cultivars with improved drought resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}