Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Coordinated PIN7 and AUX1 responses to arsenite-restrained root growth in Arabidopsis","authors":"Lin Tao ,&nbsp;Xinyi Luo ,&nbsp;Junhuan Lv ,&nbsp;Zhishan Guo ,&nbsp;Yibo Yang ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Luping Gu ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Yanshan Lu ,&nbsp;Jiayi Wu ,&nbsp;Hu Zhu ,&nbsp;Ján Jásik ,&nbsp;Yalin Li ,&nbsp;Min Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenite (As^III), regarded as a hazard to human health and food safety, restrains root growth. This event has received little attention, and the mechanism underlying how As^III affects auxin dynamics to repress root growth remains unknown. Here, our results have suggested that As^III-inhibited root growth possibly involved an elevated auxin level in roots, as supported in multiple experiments such as (1) transgenic <em>DII-VENUS</em> and <em>DR5rev::GFP</em>; (2) IAA determination by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; (3) phenotype analysis of <em>taa1</em> (defective in auxin biosynthesis) mutant; and (4) the external application of 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) to manipulate auxin transport. This consequence could be explained through up-regulated transcriptional levels of auxin biosynthesis-related genes in whole plants. Phenotypes of auxin transport-related carriers have displayed that loss of PIN7 and AUX1, but not PIN1/2/3 transporters, ameliorated the extent of As^III-induced root growth inhibition. Moreover, As^III specifically enhanced the abundance of PM-localized PIN7 and AUX1 involved in transcriptional but not post-transcriptional regulation. A real-time <em>in vitro</em> observation of PM-localized PIN2 using the transgenic <em>pPIN2::PIN2-Dendra2</em> line has revealed that As^III did not influence the endocytosis of PM-localized PIN2 carriers in root apices. Overall, our results propose that As^III stress-elevated auxin level in the root apex possibly involves up-regulation transcriptional levels of auxin biosynthesis- and auxin transport-related genes but does not target PIN2 dynamics, finally, leading to auxin accumulation in root apices and root growth inhibition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of GA-induced seed dormancy release via MsGAI1-like-miR159a-MsMYB101 module in Magnolia sieboldii","authors":"Xin Xu ,&nbsp;Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Shixin Guan ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhang ,&nbsp;Mei Mei ,&nbsp;Xiujun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Magnolia sieboldii</em> K. Koch seeds belong to the morphophysiological dormancy type, and it is extremely difficult to germinate under natural conditions. Gibberellins (GAs) are crucial for facilitating seed dormancy release. However, the regulatory mechanisms by GA-mediated seed dormancy release in <em>M. sieboldii</em> remain unclear. Here, we reveal that exogenous GA₃ could quickly break the physiological dormancy of <em>M. sieboldii</em> seeds through morphological and physiological analyses. To investigate the role of miRNA159s in GA-induced seed dormancy release, <em>MsmiR159a</em> and its target gene <em>MsMYB101</em> were isolated and characterized. Spatial-temporal expression analyses showed that <em>MsmiR159a</em> and <em>MsMYB101</em> had opposite expression patterns. A cleavage interaction between <em>MsmiR159a</em> and <em>MsMYB101</em> was confirmed. Furthermore, we identified <em>GA-INSENSITIVE1-like</em> (<em>MsGAI1-like</em>), a negative regulator of GA signaling pathway, as directly binding to the promoter of miR159a to modulate the expression of MsmiR159a/<em>MsMYB101</em>. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that MsMYB101 directly binds to the promoter of the alpha-amylase gene <em>MsAMY2</em>. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that MsMYB101 positively regulates <em>MsAMY2</em> expression, suggesting that MsmiR159a-<em>MsMYB101</em> module contributes to seed dormancy release by influencing starch metabolism. In conclusion, this study elucidates the potential mechanism underlying the response of the MsGAI1-like-miR159a-<em>MsMYB101</em> network to dormancy release in <em>M. sieboldii</em> seeds. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of morphophysiological dormancy seeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methyl jasmonate regulates panicle morphogenesis by mediating the negative effects of high temperature stress on carbon and nitrogen allocation and utilization","authors":"Weilu Wang ,&nbsp;Dongling Ji ,&nbsp;Xiaowu Yan ,&nbsp;Yu Wei ,&nbsp;Yunxia Han ,&nbsp;Weiyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Lijun Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiqin Wang ,&nbsp;Zujian Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianchang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-temperature stress (HTS) poses a serious threat to panicle development in rice. Plant hormones, including jasmonic acid (JA), play an important role in plant organ development. While the roles of IAA, cytokinin and gibberellin in heat stress have been studied, the research on JA in rice panicle morphogenesis under HTS during the early panicle differentiation period is still limited. In this study, we showed that HTS (day/night: 38℃ / 29℃) during the panicle differentiation period significantly reduced the number of differentiated spikelets and the number of grains per panicle. The correlation results suggest that this is related to antioxidant enzymes, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and endogenous hormones, especially to carbon and nitrogen metabolism pathways. HTS limited the rate of carbon and nitrogen accumulation and redistribution in the plant, and the plant preferentially allocated more carbon and nitrogen to spikelets development under control conditions. The expression of JA synthesis and signaling genes was down-regulated under HTS, leading to a decrease in endogenous JA and MeJA content. Exogenous MeJA treatment optimized carbon and nitrogen metabolism by significantly enhancing the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, sucrose synthase, and sucrose phosphate synthase. Ultimately, the accumulation and allocation of carbon and nitrogen in panicle were improved, which greatly alleviated the high-temperature-induced decrease in differentiation spikelets and grain number. Overall, our results provide insight into the physiological effects of HTS during spikelets and panicle development; but, also suggest that HTS could be relieved with a supplemental application of MeJA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic changes in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to extracellular self- and nonself-DNA: A reversible effect","authors":"Stefano Mazzoleni ,&nbsp;Laura Grauso ,&nbsp;Bruna de Falco ,&nbsp;Alfonso Mangoni ,&nbsp;Pasquale Termolino ,&nbsp;Emanuela Palomba ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Carteni ,&nbsp;Virginia Lanzotti","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Untargeted metabolomics analysis was used to assess at molecular level the plant reactions to extracellular DNA (exDNA) exposure. Thus, the effects on the metabolites profile of <em>A. thaliana</em> after exposure to self- and nonself-DNA have been investigated by NMR, LC-MS and chemometrics analyses. Results confirmed that self-DNA significantly induces the accumulation of different RNA constituents along with their cyclic analogues, in form of cyclic dimers, as well as methylated forms, increasing only in the self-DNA treatment. In addition, a deeper investigation of these samples showed the increase of several metabolites belonging to the classes of indoles, flavonoids, thiazoles and isothiocyanates. All these metabolites are known to be involved in plant growth and defence. Among these, isothiocyanates are known to affect the <em>A. thaliana</em> cell cycle with accumulation of cells in S-phase which is consistent with observations of self-DNA inhibition in other model organisms. Noteworthy, the early metabolomic changes induced by self-DNA were shown to be reversible when followed by a second exposure to extracellular nonself-DNA. These results highlight the relevance of the environmental balance between self- and nonself-DNA in the regulation of plant metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome and co-expression network reveals key genes associated with mesocotyl elongation in foxtail millet (Setaria italica)","authors":"Meiqiang Yin ,&nbsp;Mengyao An ,&nbsp;Yuxin Gao ,&nbsp;Jianjun Guo ,&nbsp;Chongyue Wang ,&nbsp;Yanjie Wen ,&nbsp;Mingjing Huang ,&nbsp;Juan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yinyuan Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106144","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mesocotyl elongation characteristics decisively influence the emergence rate and deep-sowing tolerance of gramineous crops. However, there is limited research on the mechanism of mesocotyl elongation in foxtail millet under deep sowing conditions. To address this research gap, 119 foxtail millet accessions were used to analyze genetic diversity. Moreover the long mesocotyl variety Qinhuang 2 (Q) and the short mesocotyl variety Dungu 1 (D) were screened for pot experiments under different deep-sowing conditions (6, 8, and 10 cm) to investigate the relationship between seedling emergence ability and mesocotyl elongation. Mesocotyl tissues at a 10 cm sowing depth for two to six days were subjected to transcriptome sequencing and determination of endogenous hormone content. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to analyze the transcriptional mechanism of mesocotyl elongation under deep-sowing conditions, highlighting the key genes influencing several plant characteristics. The mesocotyl lengths of 119 foxtail millet materials exhibited a normal distribution and were divided into five groups, with the length decreasing from Group 1 to Group 5. Under deep-sowing conditions, the emergence rate of the long-mesocotyl variety Q was much higher than that of the short-mesocotyl variety D. The results indicate that under deep-sowing conditions, mesocotyl elongation is the main driving force for pushing the plumule through the soil surface. The endogenous IAA and ACC contents were significantly higher in the long mesocotyl variety Q than in the short mesocotyl variety D. When 10 µmol/L of IAA and 200 mg/L of ethephon were applied, the mesocotyls of both varieties were elongated. In contrast, the ABA content was the opposite, and no significant difference was observed in GA&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, indicating that IAA and ETH play a key role in the elongation of the mesocotyl of foxtail millet. In the co-expression network analysis, four related genes were identified in each of the “brown” and “purple” modules that were positively correlated with mesocotyl elongation. The expression levels of auxin-responsive proteins (&lt;em&gt;IAA1&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;IAA17&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;SAUR36&lt;/em&gt;) and ethylene genes &lt;em&gt;EBF1&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;EIL3&lt;/em&gt; in Q were higher than those in D and increased with the elongation of the mesocotyl. Transcription factors &lt;em&gt;MYC2&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;TGAL6,&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;PIF4&lt;/em&gt; were involved in mesocotyl elongation. The “yellow” module was negatively correlated with mesocotyl elongation and contained transcription factors &lt;em&gt;ERF&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;WRKY,&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;TGA2&lt;/em&gt;. Notably, by analyzing the levels of endogenous hormones and phenotypes, the expression patterns of the hub genes &lt;em&gt;IAA17&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;IAA1&lt;/em&gt; have been found to be consistent with mesocotyl growth and show an overall upward trend. These findings provide insights into understanding the mechanism of mesocotyl elongation and highlight their potential application value in breeding foxtail millet to resist d","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the effects of Caulerpa metabolites on Posidonia oceanica apical and vertical shoots at physiological and molecular level","authors":"Daniela Oliva ,&nbsp;Amalia Piro ,&nbsp;Marianna Carbone ,&nbsp;Ernesto Mollo ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar ,&nbsp;Faustino Scarcelli ,&nbsp;Dante Matteo Nisticò ,&nbsp;Silvia Mazzuca","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive <em>Caulerpa species</em> produce bioactive metabolites that can disrupt seagrass physiology, yet their specific effects on different shoot types remain poorly understood. This study examines the physiological and molecular responses of <em>Posidonia oceanica</em> apical and vertical shoots to two major <em>Caulerp</em>a-derived metabolites: caulerpenyne (CYN) from <em>C. taxifolia</em> and caulerpin (CAU) from <em>C. cylindracea</em>. Exposure to 25 μM CYN led to a 90 % mortality in adult leaves of apical shoots and significantly inhibited juvenile leaf formation in vertical shoots, despite no effect on chlorophyll content. Conversely, 25 μM CAU stimulated juvenile leaf emergence but reduced adult leaf elongation by 93% and impaired chlorophyll content in both shoot types. Proteomic analysis revealed significant protein downregulation in CYN-exposed apical shoots, particularly those involved in photosynthesis, stress response, brassinosteroid signaling, and fatty acid metabolism. CYN also upregulated lactate dehydrogenase and glyoxalase while disrupting Ca²⁺/calmodulin signaling. CAU exposure led to a decrease in histone H4 but increased the abundance of protective proteins, including catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and Hsp70, mitigating oxidative damage. In vertical shoots, CYN enhanced fatty acid biosynthesis, lipoxygenase activity, phosphorylation pathways, and sulfur metabolism, while CAU suppressed methylation and increased histone H3. Apical shoots exhibited greater susceptibility to the phytotoxic effects of CYN than vertical shoots, while both showed great resilience to CAU. Given the critical role of apical shoots in clonal propagation, their heightened vulnerability to CYN may contribute to the decline of <em>P. oceanica</em> meadows in <em>C. taxifolia</em>-invaded regions. These findings reveal the molecular and physiological mechanisms of seagrass responses to invasive macroalgal toxins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of SnRK gene family and functional characterization of AcSnRK2.4 in response to heat stress in kiwifruit","authors":"Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Xueling Wen ,&nbsp;Zicheng Lv,&nbsp;Hongxu Chen,&nbsp;Dong Liang,&nbsp;Hui Xia,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) are pivotal in the plant’s response to biotic and abiotic stresses, primarily by triggering protein phosphorylation cascades. Despite their significance, there is a paucity of information regarding <em>SnRK</em> genes within the kiwifruit (<em>Actinidia chinensis</em>). In this study, 51 <em>AcSnRK</em> genes were identified from kiwifruit genome and distributed on 23 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all <em>AcSnRKs</em> were classified into 3 subfamilies. The gene structure, conserved motif, gene duplications and <em>cis-</em>acting element in the promoter were accomplished using TBtools-II software. The publicly available transcriptome datasets and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the majority of <em>AcSnRKs</em> were down-regulated by heat stress, with <em>AcSnRK2.4</em> demonstrating a particularly pronounced reduction in expression. In addition, we explored the biological function of <em>AcSnRKs2.4</em> using transient transformation methods. Overexpressed of <em>AcSnRKs2.4</em> showed higher SPAD, but lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, relative electrolyte leakage (EL) and ROS content compared with OE-EV lines under heat stress; while suppression of <em>AcSnRKs2.4</em> showed a opposite result. Furthermore, OE-<em>AcSnRK2.4</em> lines exhibited higher photosynthetic fluorescence parameters (except for Y(NO)), while these parameters were lower in pTRV-<em>AcSnRK2.4</em> plants. These findings suggest that AcSnRK2.4 positively regulates kiwifruit's response to heat stress. Our findings offer a new insight into the potential function of <em>AcSnRK2.4</em> in abiotic stresses and provide a theoretical groundwork for the molecular mechanisms underlying kiwifruit adaptation to such stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional lack of SLAC1 modifies guard cell metabolism without impacting photosynthesis under elevated [CO2] and moderated water restriction","authors":"Luana M. da Luz ,&nbsp;Luiz M.L. Valente ,&nbsp;David B. Medeiros ,&nbsp;William Batista-Silva ,&nbsp;Lucas C. da Costa ,&nbsp;Franciele S. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Samuel C.V. Martins ,&nbsp;Alisdair R. Fernie ,&nbsp;Adriano Nunes-Nesi ,&nbsp;Wagner L. Araújo","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding stomatal response to fluctuations in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO₂]) and water deficit is important to predict the overall plant performance under these two major environmental stressing factors. In <em>Arabidopsis</em>, slow-type anion channel (SLAC1) plays a central role in the control of stomatal closure with impacts on water use efficiency. Here we investigated whether the stomatal component also plays a central role in limiting photosynthesis in plants showing constitutive higher stomatal conductance (<em>g</em>_s), such as <em>slac1</em> mutants, under high CO₂ levels and water restriction. Under these conditions, <em>slac1</em> plants showed similar photosynthetic performance and growth when compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, our results suggest that the constitutive increased stomatal aperture in <em>slac1</em> plants is associated with a reorganization of primary metabolism in guard cells, in addition to the ion transport impairment, previously observed in <em>slac1</em> mutants. Altogether, our results indicate that higher <em>g</em>_s in <em>slac1</em> plants are not translated into enhanced photosynthetic performance and growth, independently of CO₂ levels and watering conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the nutrient flow environment promotes lettuce growth in hydroponics","authors":"Bateer Baiyin ,&nbsp;Yue Xiang ,&nbsp;Yang Shao ,&nbsp;Jung Eek Son ,&nbsp;Kotaro Tagawa ,&nbsp;Satoshi Yamada ,&nbsp;Mina Yamada ,&nbsp;Qichang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroponics is a plant growth system that uses liquid nutrient medium, but the effects of nutrient solution flow on root development are unexplored. Here, the comprehensive effects of nutrient flow on root morphology, antioxidant properties, and multi-omics characteristics of hydroponic lettuce were analyzed via root morphology, cell wall composition, oxidative stress indicators, and nutrient uptake at different nutrient flow and growth stages measurement. Under flow conditions, root length, surface area, and volume increased significantly, indicating that flow promoted root expansion and improved nutrient uptake. Cell wall components also increased, suggesting that flow may support root growth by strengthening the cell wall structure. Although oxidative damage indicators increased, the roots also exhibited high antioxidant enzyme activity, enhancing their response to oxidative stress induced by the flowing environment. Metabolomic analysis showed that flow activated cell division- and signal transduction-related pathways. Transcriptomics and proteomics showed the upregulation or downregulation of multiple genes and proteins related to root development and stress resistance, with significant enrichment in the lignin synthesis pathway. Nutrient solution flow, thus, promotes lettuce root growth and stress resistance through multilevel regulation, providing a theoretical basis for enhancing hydroponic crop growth environments, increasing yields, and improving vegetable crop quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron deficiency specifically activated anthocyanin accumulation in out pericarp of red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)","authors":"Yuan-Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xue-Mei Lu ,&nbsp;Yu-Ping Man ,&nbsp;Qi-Qi Chen ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Shi-Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Wen-Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Jin-Hu Wu ,&nbsp;Yan-Chang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The typical feature of red-fleshed <em>Actinidia chinensis</em> is the radical redness of the locules in the inner pericarp. However, in commercial orchards, we observed that kiwifruit on vines exhibiting leaf chlorosis symptoms also showed an extension of reddish flesh to the outer pericarp. The mechanisms linking anthocyanin accumulation in the outer pericarp of kiwifruit with leaf chlorosis remain poorly understood. Through establishment of the field and callus treatment experiments under iron deficiency, we analyzed element contents, fruit quality and differentially expressed genes, and confirmed that iron deficiency contributes to both the anthocyanin accumulation in the outer pericarp and the chlorosis symptoms in the leaves and fruit. Additionally, we found that genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, as well as <em>MYB75</em>, were significantly activated, with <em>MYB75</em> playing a key role in activating many of these genes. Two <em>DELLA</em> proteins of GA pathway were significantly induced, while <em>LBD37like,</em> a repressor of anthocyanin pathway, was inhibited by iron deficiency. A lot of iron transporters and storage proteins related to iron deficiency responses were identified in the over-reddened fruit. These discoveries enhance our understanding of anthocyanin regulation under iron deprivation and provide insights into how fruit responds to iron deficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}