Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"The physiological mechanisms of waterlogging priming on aerenchyma formation in secondary roots of wheat under waterlogging stress","authors":"Yanfeng Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao Wang,&nbsp;Maguje Masa Malko,&nbsp;Qin Zhou,&nbsp;Jian Cai,&nbsp;Yingxin Zhong,&nbsp;Mei Huang,&nbsp;Dong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waterlogging stress seriously constrains crop growth and yield formation. Most dryland crops adapt to waterlogging by forming more aerenchyma in roots to maintain oxygen supply under low oxygen conditions. However, the mechanisms by which waterlogging priming affects aerenchyma formation are still not fully understood. In this study, during the four-leaf stage of wheat, plants were challenged with waterlogging for seven days after 2-day priming and 10-day recovery. The secondary roots of wheat were further divided into old nodal roots and newly elongated nodal roots. Under waterlogging stress, for the priming-sensitive cultivar, aerenchyma formation rate in old nodal roots was relatively faster and more sensitive to priming than that in newly elongated nodal roots. Waterlogging priming had a positive effect for the priming-sensitive cultivar on the aerenchyma formation in wheat secondary roots by affecting the generation of signalling substances. Under waterlogging conditions, the aerenchyma formation in old nodal roots of wheat was more correlated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ethylene, while in newly elongated nodal roots, it was more correlated with ROS and Ca^2 + . Our findings reveal new insights into the physiological mechanisms of waterlogging priming to improve the survival ability of wheat roots under waterlogging environments, and provide biological information on wheat root adaptation to waterlogging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tradeoffs between root morphology and carboxylate exudation occur in different alfalfa growth stages and soil depths under water and phosphorus stress","authors":"Mei Chen ,&nbsp;Jing-Wei Fan ,&nbsp;Hannah M. Schneider ,&nbsp;Li Hou ,&nbsp;Fuping Tian ,&nbsp;Hong Zhao ,&nbsp;Feng-Min Li ,&nbsp;Yan-Lei Du","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Root morphological traits and carboxylate exudation in forage crops are known to respond differently to phosphorus (P) limitation or water stress. However, their dynamic adaptation across different growth stages and soil depths under combined P and water deficit remain poorly understood. This study investigated root morphology and rhizosphere carboxylate components of alfalfa at two growth stages (60 and 90 days after sowing, DAS) and two soil depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) under three P treatments (0, 20 and 40 mg P kg⁻¹ dry soil applied as KH₂PO₄) and two water treatments (well-watered for 1–90 DAS; and well-watered for 1–60 DAS then water-stressed for 61–90 DAS). Alfalfa changed P acquisition strategies from thinner root morphology and increased carboxylates during the early growth stage and in deep soils to thicker root morphology at the later growth stage and in topsoil under P-limited conditions. The combined effects of low-P and water stress significantly increased root diameter and root tissue density, while reduced specific root length and carboxylate exudation of alfalfa in topsoil. Alfalfa employs dynamic, developmental stage-specific strategies to respond to P and water stress through coordinated shifts in root morphology and carboxylate exudation across soil depths. These findings provided a theoretical foundation for breeding forage crops with high water- and P-use efficiencies and for developing sustainable agricultural management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA319-targeted RaTCP1 regulates heterophylly in North American Lake Cress","authors":"Gaojie Li ,&nbsp;Shiqi Hu ,&nbsp;Tomoaki Sakamoto ,&nbsp;Shuka Ikematsu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Yang ,&nbsp;Xuyao Zhao ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Schultz ,&nbsp;Seisuke Kimura ,&nbsp;Hongwei Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterophylly, the plasticity of leaf form in response to environmental conditions, widely occurs in aquatic and amphibious plants. <em>Rorippa aquatica</em> produces simple or shallow-serrated leaves in terrestrial conditions but deep dissected leaves under submerged conditions. Regulation of CIN-TCP transcription factors by <em>miR319</em> controls leaf complexity in several species and here we provide evidence that this regulatory module acts in the heterophylly of <em>R. aquatica</em>. <em>RaTCP1</em>, one of the orthologs of <em>AtTCP4</em> in <em>R. aquatica</em>, was identified as the most likely target of <em>Raq-miR319b</em>. Under submerged conditions that induced increased leaf complexity, <em>RaTCP1</em> expression was reduced whereas <em>Raq-miR319b</em> expression was increased<em>.</em> Overexpressing <em>Raq-miR319b</em> in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> reduced <em>TCP</em> gene expression and increased leaf serration. Ectopic expression of <em>RaTCP1</em> rescued the phenotype of crinkled leaf form in <em>tcp</em> mutants of <em>A. thaliana</em>. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulated in terrestrial leaves of <em>R. aquatica</em>, while it was absent in submerged conditions. We found that the expression of <em>Raq-miR319b</em> can be induced by submergence, while it was repressed by ABA. Our results indicate that the environments regulated heterophylly in <em>R. aquatica</em> occur through the <em>miR319-TCP</em> module. These findings provide novel insights into how the plasticity of leaf shape is established in aquatic plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting light pollution effects on photoperiodic growth in short-day plants: Photon quantity and quality thresholds for sensitive species","authors":"Madigan Eckels,&nbsp;Bruce Bugbee","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An undesired flux of photons during an otherwise dark period is often referred to as light pollution (LP). This pollution is altering the biology of our planet. The effects have been well studied in animals, but are less well characterized in plants. Here were report the threshold sensitivity of three soybean and seven cannabis cultivars to light pollution. The effects of LP are thought to be mediated by phytochrome, and this hypothesis was evaluated by comparing responses from either cool white or red LP with estimated internal phytochrome photoequilbria of 0.57 and 0.87, respectively. Cultivar responses were highly variable, and the most sensitive cultivars of each species responded to a photon flux density of 0.01 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (10 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹). Plants exhibited delayed flowering, decreased inflorescence development rate, and increased vertical growth. Consistent with phytochrome mediated effects, red light caused greater photoperiodic disruption than white light. We found that soybeans that require longer nights to flower may be more tolerant to LP. Similarly, less-responsive cultivars of cannabis may have a longer critical night length. These findings illuminate the need for unpolluted darkness in photosensitive plants and establish physiological thresholds for LP quantity and quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR395 regulates sulfur metabolism and root development in Chinese kale under sulfur deficiency","authors":"Zhanfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Longwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiahui Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Dong ,&nbsp;Bowen Guan ,&nbsp;Xueqing Yu ,&nbsp;Kefei Lai ,&nbsp;Yulin Hu ,&nbsp;Weiling Tang ,&nbsp;Rongfang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfur occupies a unique position in plant systems, simultaneously supporting basic cellular functions through its roles in protein structure and cofactor synthesis, while enabling sophisticated environmental responses through specialized metabolites and redox signaling networks. Sulfur deficiency is a major constraint on sulfur assimilation, yet the response of sulfur-containing metabolites to sulfur-deficient conditions remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the growth of Chinese kale under sulfur-deficient conditions and analyzed the accumulation patterns of both primary and secondary sulfur-containing metabolites as well as gene responses. The results showed that sulfur deficiency upregulates the expression of miR395, which targeted <em>BoATPS</em> to modulate sulfur supply and alter sulfur assimilation pathways. Under sulfur-deficient conditions, the levels of primary sulfur metabolites, such as glutathione, isoleucine, and tryptophan decreased significantly, while valine content increased markedly. Furthermore, the levels of secondary sulfur metabolites, including glucosinolates, were consistently reduced. Notably, sulfur-deficient plants exhibited longer roots, a phenomenon potentially linked to the increased valine and decreased isoleucine levels, as valine promotes root growth while inhibits it. These findings provide valuable insights into the regulation of sulfur nutrient balance and metabolite accumulation in plants under sulfur-deficient conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106204"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of plant C2 domain-containing protein family and the role of OsNTMC2T2.2 under chilling stress in rice","authors":"Liyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jingzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Yuntao Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiahua Shi ,&nbsp;Guoquan Liu ,&nbsp;Guosheng Xie ,&nbsp;Lingqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In plants, C2 domain-containing proteins (C2DPs) constitute a large Ca^2 + binding family involved in the growth, development, and stress response. However, evolution and functions of this family remain largely unclear. Here, for the first time, 3080 C2DPs from 32 plant species were identified into four subfamilies (I, II, III, IV) with eleven groups (Ia-f, IIa-b, IIIa-b, IV). This includes five primitive types (Ia-b, IIa-b, IIIb) and six extended types (Ic-f, IIIa, IV), based on the variations in evolution. Interestingly, AlphaFold3 predicted that each of subfamilies had only one C2 domain to bind 1–3 Ca²⁺, but other C2 domains had a weak binding capability of Ca²⁺ due to large variation in aspartic acid residues (Asp). To further explore the functional implications of these evolutionary and structural characteristics, we focused on the model crop species rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) for an in-depth analysis. A total of 84 OsC2DPs were identified in rice, including four subfamilies with nine groups (Ia-e, IIa-b, IIIa, IV). Interestingly, OsNTMC2T2.2, a novel synaptotagmin protein without a transmembrane helix, was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM). <em>OsNTMC2T2.2</em> negatively regulated chilling tolerance by inhibiting the ROS-scavenging system and regulating the expression of six chilling-responsive genes in rice seedlings. These findings present new and in-depth understanding of the evolution and functional annotation of C2DPs in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide enhances salt tolerance in tomato by regulating cell wall degradation in a SlSR3-dependent manner","authors":"Huan Chen ,&nbsp;Xuetong Wu ,&nbsp;Hua Fang ,&nbsp;Li Feng ,&nbsp;Xingping Liu ,&nbsp;Jingtao Kang ,&nbsp;Weibiao Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization is an important abiotic stress that limits the productivity and quality of horticultural crops. As critical signaling molecules, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and calcium ions (Ca^2 +) are crucial in plant stress reponse. However, the molecular basis of their synergistic action in improving salt tolerance in plants is unclear. In this study, tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) seedlings were utilized as a material to explore the synergistic effect of H₂S and Ca²⁺ on salt stress tolerance. The results show that exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H₂S donor) and CaCl₂ independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth, with their co-application demonstrating a synergistic alleviation of stress-induced growth impairment. Further studies reveal that H₂S promoted Ca²⁺ level and up-regulated <em>signal-responsive 3</em> (<em>SR3</em>) expression. <em>SlSR3</em> knockout mutants were more sensitive to salt stress, whereas overexpression of <em>SlSR3</em> displayed enhanced salt tolerance. Moreover, SlSR3 conferred protection against salt stress-induced cell wall degradation and sustained its stability by repressing the expression of genes implicated in cell wall degradation. Further results demonstrate that NaHS treatment did not enhance cell wall integrity or salt tolerance in <em>SlSR3</em> knockout mutants. Conversely, NaHS treatment effectively inhibited cell wall degradation and improved salt tolerance in <em>SlSR3</em>-overexpressing plants. Therefore, SlSR3 is likely implicated in the H₂S-mediated inhibition of cell wall degradation in tomato seedlings under salt stress, ultimately enhancing salt tolerance. This study delineates the mechanistic interplay between H₂S and Ca²⁺ in plant salt tolerance, thereby enhancing the potential for breeding horticultural crops with improved stress resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106201"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decode the hidden long-term growth limitation in wheat caused by low temperature stress: Insights from leaf functional traits, anatomical bases, resource efficiency, and biochemical capacity","authors":"Shuxin Li ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianhao Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Xiangnan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low temperature events can induce lasting growth limitations in wheat, impacting the final grain yield, but trade-offs of leaf functional traits in this process remain unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the relative biomass accumulation rate and leaf functional traits throughout the ‘low temperature stress-short recovery-long recovery’ process in wheat. Key leaf functional traits, including leaf dry mass per area, leaf nitrogen, and photosynthetic rate per unit mass were increased under low temperature. Their network relationships contribute to enhanced growth responses during short-term recovery. However, decreased leaf nitrogen and phosphorus, photosynthetic rate per unit mass_, and increased dark respiration per unit mass at the 6-leaf stage, coupled with subsequent lower growth responses during long-term recovery, indicate that the irreversible detrimental impact of low temperature becomes apparent after a long recovery stage post the cession of low temperature stress. Changes in photosynthesis capacity during low temperature and the recovery period are influenced by leaf nutrients, CO₂ fractionation, and photosynthesis biochemistry. These factors are closely related to the coordination of leaf anatomy, thylakoid electron transport, and enzyme activities in wheat. Quantifying key leaf functional traits and understanding their network relationships provide important insights for evaluating crop responses to environmental temperature alterations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic insights into phosphorus-mediated wheat tillering: Auxin-cytokinin crosstalk coordinates phenylpropanoid and glycerophospholipid metabolism","authors":"Yan Zheng,&nbsp;Mengyu Lou,&nbsp;Nianyuan Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth and development of wheat tillers are closely associated with nutrition, particularly phosphorus (P). Increasing the availability of P in the soil enhances its absorption and accumulation in wheat. However, the mechanisms by which soil available P concentration influences wheat tillering remain largely unexplored. Field experiments were conducted based upon a 12-year long-term phosphate fertilizer dose-response during the periods of 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. The aim was to examine the effects of different levels of soil available P, specifically 4.01 mg P₂O₅·kg⁻¹ (T1), 5.69 mg P₂O₅·kg⁻¹ (T2), 7.39 mg P₂O₅·kg⁻¹ (T3), 9.59 mg P₂O₅·kg⁻¹ (T4), 18.55 mg P₂O₅·kg⁻¹ (T5), and 25.63 mg P₂O₅·kg⁻¹ (T6), on plant P nutrition, aboveground dry biomass accumulation, tiller development, and grain yield of winter wheat. Furthermore, the expression of key genes in tiller nodes of wheat was analyzed under high (T6) and low (T1) soil available P levels. Increasing the soil available P content enhanced P concentration and accumulation in plants, leading to an increase in aboveground dry biomass accumulation. Furthermore, improved P nutrition in plants can enhance tiller initiation and development, thereby increasing the number of fertile spikes, grains per spike, and overall grain yield. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that enhanced tillering was associated with the auxin and cytokinin-mediated stimulation of lignin biosynthesis, along with glycerophospholipid metabolism. These pathways play critical roles in cellular proliferation and expansion and the maintenance of cell membrane integrity in tiller node cells. In summary, the findings from this study demonstrated that suitable soil available P content enhanced P uptake capacity, stimulated lignin biosynthesis, and ultimately enhanced tillering ability and grain yield in winter wheat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthetic and biochemical responses to multiple abiotic stresses in Deschampsia antarctica, Poa pratensis, and Triticum aestivum","authors":"M.V. Ricco ,&nbsp;S. Khemakem ,&nbsp;J. Gago ,&nbsp;L.G. Quintanilla ,&nbsp;C. Íñiguez ,&nbsp;J. Flexas ,&nbsp;J. Gulías ,&nbsp;M.J. Clemente-Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photosynthesis is inherently limited by abiotic stresses like extreme temperatures, water deficit, and nutrient deficiency. However, the combined impacts of these multiple stresses on photosynthetic capacity remain largely underexplored. This study investigates the effects of low temperature, drought, and nutrient scarcity on the photosynthetic responses of three distinct grass species: the polar <em>Deschampsia antarctica</em> (DA) from Antarctica, the cosmopolitan <em>Poa pratensis</em> (PP) from the Arctic, and the crop species <em>Triticum aestivum</em> (TA). Under optimal conditions, both DA and PP exhibited lower photosynthetic rates compared to TA. Crucially, when subjected to a combination of multiple abiotic stresses, DA demonstrated a significantly less pronounced photosynthetic decline than TA. This remarkable ability to maintain higher photosynthetic efficiency under suboptimal conditions not only boosts net carbon assimilation but also enhances overall plant performance in harsh environments. Our results reveal that DA's superior performance under multiple stress conditions is attributed to a unique combination of structural and biochemical traits. These include constitutively higher leaf mass per area (LMA) and cell wall hemicellulose content. Furthermore, DA showed a balanced strategy of reduced investment in photosynthetic machinery coupled with enhanced photoprotection and antioxidant status (indicated by an increased xanthophylls + carotene/chlorophylls ratio), a combination not observed in PP or TA. These findings underscore that DA possesses specific physiological adaptations, enabling it to successfully cope with simultaneous multiple abiotic stresses more effectively than PP and TA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}