Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"The effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Microplastic stress on the composition and gene regulatory network of amino acid in Capsicum annuum","authors":"Yilan Cui ,&nbsp;Yueqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Guan,&nbsp;Youyang Fu,&nbsp;Xiao Yang,&nbsp;Mangu Hu,&nbsp;Rongchao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a widely used plastic in daily life. The extensive accumulation of PET microplastics (PET-MPs) in the environment adversely affects plant growth in multiple ways. However, the impact of PET-MPs exposure on the plant metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unexplored. To address this gap, we employed metabolomics and transcriptomics combination analyses to investigate the effects of PET-MPs exposure, varying in particle size and concentration, on the amino acid content and composition in pepper, as well as the underlying genes regulatory network. A total of 282 amino acids and their derivatives were identified, including 8 essential amino acids. Significant changes in differentially accumulated amino acids (DAAs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed across different treatments, indicating that PET-MPs exposure affects amino acid metabolism in peppers, with these effects closely related to the size and concentration of PET-MPs. Ten DAAs with significant variable importance were identified through OPLS-DA. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the red module was significantly correlated with most of the DAAs indicators, highlighting the essential roles of <em>HMSI</em>, <em>BCAT</em>, and 12 transcription factor (TF) genes in regulating amino acid synthesis under PET-MPs exposure. Furthermore, correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) identified three candidate genes, <em>HSMI</em>, <em>PROC</em>, and <em>FHM</em>, involved in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. This study enhances our understanding of MPs pollution and provides novel insights into the impact of MPs on crop growth and nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding cytokinin: Biosynthesis, signal transduction, growth regulation, and phytohormonal crosstalk under heavy metal stress","authors":"Asif Hussain Hajam,&nbsp;Mohd Soban Ali,&nbsp;Sumit Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Gausiya Bashri","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic activities have gradually led to heavy metal (HM) stress in plants, a growing concern threatening global food security. Hence, this issue requires significant efforts to mitigate the impact of HM stress on plants. Recently, phytohormones have gained attention as an approach to alleviate HM stress by enhancing plant tolerance through exogenous application and strategic modulation of endogenous biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Cytokinins (CKs) have emerged as key regulators in various physiological processes, particularly under HM stress, as they play a vital role in orchestrating adaptive responses by altering antioxidant defense systems, maintaining ion balance, and regulating stress-responsive gene expression. Moreover, CKs interact with other phytohormones, forming complex signaling networks that influence diverse aspects of biological processes. Understanding these interactions offers valuable insights into enhancing plant growth, development, and HM stress tolerance, particularly in contaminated areas. This review explores critical aspects of CK biosynthesis, transport, and signal transduction, as well as their roles in growth, development, and HM stress response. Additionally, it examines the crosstalk between CKs and other phytohormones, highlighting their potential to facilitate plant adaptations and gene expression, thus enhancing resilience under HM stress. This study integrates the mechanisms by which CKs modulate HM tolerance in plants, emphasizing their signaling dynamics under HM stress and novel interactions with other phytohormones. Furthermore, it addresses various aspects of these complex regulatory networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), revealing ATG8a and ATG18b participating in drought stress in Phoebe bournei","authors":"Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Yuting Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Han ,&nbsp;Qi Yang ,&nbsp;Shijiang Cao ,&nbsp;Zaikang Tong ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a highly conserved intracellular degradation process in eukaryotes, autophagy plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stresses such as drought. The aim of this study was to identify the autophagy-related genes (<em>ATGs</em>) in <em>Phoebe bournei</em>, and investigate the role of <em>PbATG8a</em> and <em>PbATG18b</em> in improving drought tolerance. In this study, a total of 35 <em>ATGs</em> were identified in <em>P. bournei</em>, and the basic physical and chemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal location, gene structure, conserved domain and <em>cis</em>-interacting elements in promoters of the <em>PbATGs</em> were analyzed. The expression patterns of <em>PbATGs</em> showed most <em>PbATGs</em> were response to PEG simulated drought treatment and ABA treatment, of which <em>PbATG8a</em> and <em>PbATG18b</em> were further selected for further research. <em>PbATG8a</em> and <em>PbATG18b</em> were transformed into yeast to improve drought tolerance, respectively. Overexpression of the number of autophagosomes. The overexpression of <em>PbATG8a</em> and <em>PbATG18b</em> in <em>P. bournei</em> increased the number of autophagosomes and the expression levels of other <em>ATGs</em>, such as <em>PbATG5</em>, <em>PbATG7</em> and <em>PbATG12</em>, which may be involved in the response to drought stress. Overall, we identified the <em>ATGs</em> and investigated the roles of <em>PbATG8a</em> and <em>PbATG18b</em> under drought stress, which provided a research basis and reference for the study of <em>PbATGs</em> in <em>P. bournei.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nickel phytoremediation potential of Plantago major L.: Transcriptome analysis","authors":"Shanwu Lyu ,&nbsp;Yujie Fang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhanfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Shulin Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Plantago major L</em>, a ubiquitous perennial weed thriving in diverse harsh environments, possesses a substantial reservoir of resistance genes, particularly those conferring resistance to heavy metals. Despite its prevalence, the intricate molecular mechanisms underpinning its exceptional ability to endure heavy metal pollution remain largely unexplored. Through transcriptome analysis, this study intended to reveal the mechanisms behind the enrichment of heavy metal Ni (nickel) in P. major and its potential for phytoremediation. In total, 7848 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited dynamic changes in tissues treated with different Ni concentrations. It was discovered that the root of <em>P. major</em> exhibited a more pronounced and significant response when exposed to higher concentrations of Ni. Furthermore, the upregulated genes associated with adversity stress were significantly observed in response to Ni stress. The majority of pathways related to plant growth and photosynthesis were significantly reduced; however, pathways related to metabolite synthesis, chitin synthesis, and adversity signal transduction were stimulated, and pathways related to root cell wall organization or biogenesis were suppressed. We identified that the rate-limiting enzyme PmHISN1A/B in the histidine synthesis pathway significantly enhanced Ni tolerance of the transgenic Arabidopsis without side effects, which was different to its Arabidopsis homologs. The study uncovered a molecular basis for the Ni tolerance of <em>P. major</em>, a heavy metal remediation plant, and provided potential genetic resources to cultivate novel <em>P. major</em> varieties or breed stress resilience crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting fodder oats to climate change: Enhancing growth, yield, and microbial dynamics under elevated CO2 and temperature","authors":"Maharishi Tomar,&nbsp;Prabha Singh,&nbsp;R. Srinivasan,&nbsp;Ravi Prakash Saini,&nbsp;Awnindra Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (e[CO₂]) and temperature (e°T) on various traits of oat (<em>Avena sativa</em> L.) varieties using open-top chambers (OTC) were investigated. A simulated environment was created for the experiment i.e., ambient temperature and CO₂ (a°T + a[CO₂]); elevated temperature (3 °C &gt; ambient temperature) (e°T); elevated CO₂ (550 ± 50 ppm) (e[CO₂]); and a combination of ambient temperature with elevated CO₂ (a°T + e[CO₂]), for accessing the effect of e°T and e[CO₂] on oats. a°T + e[CO₂] increased plant height to 121 cm compared to 114 cm in a°T + a[CO₂] and 111 cm in e°T + e[CO₂]. Seed weight was highest in a°T + e[CO₂] (3.09 g) compared to 2.53 g in a°T + a[CO₂] and 2.60 g in e°T + e[CO₂]. Leaf number and tillers were significantly higher in a°T + e[CO₂] (61.4 leaves, 10 tillers) than in a°T + a[CO₂] (27.6 leaves, 5.6 tillers) and e°T + e[CO₂] (44.3 leaves, 6.93 tillers). Chlorophyll content was highest in a°T + e[CO₂] (5.13 mg/g) compared to 3.61 mg/g in a°T + a[CO₂] and 1.47 mg/g in e°T + e[CO₂]. In contrast, germination rate was best in a°T + a[CO₂] (81.6 %) compared to e°T + e[CO₂] (60.3 %) and a°T + e[CO₂] (63.1 %). Malondialdehyde (MDA), a stress marker, was significantly higher in e°T + e[CO₂] (1.35 nmol/g) compared to a°T + a[CO₂] (0.299 nmol/g). Membrane stability index (MSI) was lowest in e°T + e[CO2] (13.2) compared to 20.9 in a°T + a[CO₂], indicating greater stress under e°T + e[CO₂]. Starch content in a°T + e[CO₂] (14.6 %) was more than double that of a°T + a[CO₂] (7.09 %). Microbial activity also showed significant differences. Dehydrogenase was highest in e°T + e[CO₂] (13.86 µg/g/day) compared to a°T + a[CO₂] (8.80) and a°T + e[CO₂] (12.62). Total bacterial count (TBC) increased in e°T + e[CO₂] (72) compared to a°T + a[CO₂] (61). Similarly, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and fungi (PSF) were highest in e°T + e[CO₂] (PSB: 104.5, PSF: 8.5) compared to a°T + a[CO₂] (PSB: 75.0, PSF: 4.0). <em>Rhizobium</em> and <em>Azotobacter</em> counts were elevated in a°T + e[CO₂] (95 and 94) compared to a°T + a[CO₂] (72.5 and 42.0), showing a strong positive impact of e[CO₂] on microbial populations. Specific oat varieties such as JHO-2000–4 and JHO-99–2 performed best under these conditions, showing higher yields and better stress tolerance. While e[CO₂] offers substantial benefits to oat plant growth and soil microbial activity, the additional stress from e°T complicates these benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral lights influence growth and metabolic efficiency leading to enhanced phytochemical contents of Coriandrum sativum L.","authors":"Ambika Goswami,&nbsp;Lopamudra Ballabh,&nbsp;Debashree Debasmita,&nbsp;Adinpunya Mitra","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Coriandrum sativum.</em> L (coriander) is an aromatic herb containing valuable bioactive compounds. The current study aimed to understand the role of light quality influence on the metabolic performance of <em>C. sativum.</em> The study was conducted by integrating LED lights viz. red (100 R:0B), red: blue (50 R:50B); blue (0 R:100B), and warm white (WW, served as control). The fresh and dry biomass was highest under 0 R:100B spectral LED lights, whereas the photosynthetic performance was maximum under 50 R:50B LED lights. Among the major vitamins studied, ascorbic acid content was maximized under 50 R:50B spectral LED lights, while α-tocopherol content was highest under 0 R:100B light conditions. Luteolin and umbelliferone, the detected coumarins, exhibited their highest levels under 50 R:50B light spectral composition, however, chlorogenic acid demonstrated its maximum level under 0 R:100B spectral LED lights. <em>C. sativum</em> plants grown under 50 R:50B light displayed a relatively higher content of volatile compounds including, decanal, 2-decenal, 2,6,11-trimethyldodecane, 2-dodecenal, and (<em>E</em>)-tetradec-2-enal. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose identified as the major primary metabolites, were highest under 50 R:50B light. Moreover, the stem and leaf anatomy exhibited the greatest vascularization when influenced by 50 R:50B and 0 R:100B spectral LED lights. Histochemical studies further revealed an intense accumulation of metabolites under the 50 R:50B spectral light conditions. The study also demonstrated the influence of light quality on chloroplast ultrastructure, influencing starch accumulation and providing insights into plant cell metabolic activity through the observed association of chloroplasts with mitochondria. Taken together, the study suggests that 50 R:50B spectral combination could play an important role in augmenting the metabolic performance and phytonutrient outcomes of <em>C. sativum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106021"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of biomass allocation from leaves to stem by far-red light and warm temperature can lead to growth reductions","authors":"Sang Jun Jeong ,&nbsp;Qianwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Genhua Niu ,&nbsp;Shuyang Zhen","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of far-red (FR; 700–800 nm) light can improve plant growth, especially in leafy green vegetables, through enhancing leaf expansion and photon capture. However, higher levels of FR light may induce excessive stem elongation at the expense of leaf expansion. The morphological responses to FR light are mediated by phytochrome photoreceptors, with their activity further dependent on temperature. We aimed to quantify if different plant species respond differently to FR light and temperature conditions. Six economically-important plant species, including three cool-season species (lettuce, kale, and petunia) and three warm-season species (tomato, African marigold, and zinnia) were grown under three FR fractions [FR/(Red+FR); 0, 0.13, and 0.25] and two temperature set points (22 and 28 ℃) to characterize their growth and morphological responses. Increasing the FR fraction from 0 to 0.25 led to a 26–47 % increase in leaf expansion in lettuce, kale, petunia, and zinnia at 22 ℃. However, the total leaf area of tomato and African marigold decreased by 14–26 % as the FR fraction increased to 0.25 at 22 ℃. At a warmer temperature of 28 ℃, unlike the response observed under cooler temperature, increasing the FR fraction resulted in excessive stem elongation (a 36–101 % increase) and a 16–49 % reduction in leaf expansion in lettuce, kale, and petunia. For tomato, African marigold, and zinnia, the total leaf area increased by 15–26 % as the FR fraction increased from 0 to 0.13 at 28 ℃; however, further increasing the FR fraction from 0.13 to 0.25 resulted in a reduction in total leaf area. Across all six species, a high FR fraction combined with warm temperature synergistically stimulated stem elongation at the expense of leaf expansion. Shoot biomass responded to FR light and warm temperature similarly to leaf expansion in all six species. We further characterized the physiological responses to FR light and temperature in lettuce and tomato. In both crops, FR light generally increased the quantum yield of photosystem II, while decreasing the net CO₂ assimilation rate per unit leaf area, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and chlorophyll a:b ratio. Additionally, FR light increased soluble sugar:starch ratio in leaves at 28 ℃, but not at 22 ℃, suggesting that the synergistic effect of FR light and warm temperature on stem elongation may be mediated by increased soluble sugar translocation from leaves to stem. We concluded that the enhanced stem growth under FR light and warm temperature can lead to reduced plant biomass. Our results further indicate that the interactive effects between FR light and temperature on plant growth and morphology were species-dependent, with distinct responses observed among species with different temperature preferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses reveal potential regulatory mechanisms of curly leaves in Tartary buckwheat","authors":"Xueling Ye ,&nbsp;Pan Wang ,&nbsp;Ranfei Luo ,&nbsp;Zhen Gan ,&nbsp;Peiyu Yang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Sun ,&nbsp;Yu Fan ,&nbsp;Changying Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Wan ,&nbsp;Qi Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Wu ,&nbsp;Dabing Xiang ,&nbsp;Tingting Yan ,&nbsp;Jie Kang ,&nbsp;Liang Zou ,&nbsp;Gang Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianguo Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tartary buckwheat (<em>Fagopyrum tataricum</em> Gaertn.) is a pseudocereal crop grown in sunny areas at high altitudes. To achieve high yield, this species is often densely planted. It is believed that moderately curly and upright leaves are beneficial for increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of a densely planted crop. However, little research on curly leaves has been reported for this species. The study reported here analyzed two EMS mutants Xi5M and P10M with curly and upright leaves using cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic approaches. Results showed that compared with their respective wild types, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and yield of effective quantum of photosystem Ⅱ were all increased in both mutants. The number of chloroplasts increased, and the number of granum lamellas was increased, and more tightly connected. These changes led to increased photosynthetic pigment contents in mutants. The unbalanced arrangement of upper and lower epidermal cells led to leaf curling in the mutants. The transcriptomic analysis detected 510 genes that were differentially expressed between both of the mutants and their respective wild types (i.e., Xi5M vs Xi5, and P10M vs PP10). They were mainly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and ABC transporters. Analyses of leaf characteristics, function annotation of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and protein-protein interaction networks revealed 12 candidate genes which, by regulating cell development and plant hormone response, potentially regulated leaf curliness. Our study developed new leaf-shaped materials that could be valuable in enhancing the yield of Tartary buckwheat by improving population photosynthetic efficiency and revealed potential mechanisms of leaf curliness in this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106023"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effects of early and timely sowing on wheat cultivar HD 2967 under current and future tropospheric ozone scenarios","authors":"Annesha Ghosh ,&nbsp;Bhanu Pandey ,&nbsp;Madhoolika Agrawal ,&nbsp;S.B. Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of elevated ozone (eO₃) levels on the growth and yield of the wheat cultivar HD 2967 under different sowing dates in open-top chambers. Wheat was sown early on November 1st and timely on November 20th, 2017, under ambient and elevated O₃ (ambient + 20 ppb), resulting in four treatment groups: AT (ambient + timely), ET (elevated + timely), AE (ambient + early), and EE (elevated + early). Results showed significant reductions in morphological traits and gas-exchange parameters, including photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency under eO₃. The most notable decreases were observed 40 days after germination (DAG) compared to 80 DAG. Interestingly, while a higher percentage reduction was observed under ET at 80 DAG, a reversal in the trend of percentage reduction between the two stages was noted, suggesting a dynamic response of the wheat cultivar to stress across the growth stage. However, compared with ET's results, early sowing mitigated these negative effects under a futuristic O₃ level scenario, showing no significant impact on grain yield and productivity factors. This resilience is attributed to the extended growth period, enhancing photosynthesis and biomass accumulation while avoiding high eO₃ concentrations during critical reproductive stages. Furthermore, a trade-off in ET plants suggests resources are allocated towards defense (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) at the expense of growth, while EE conditions favor growth at later stages, maintaining reproductive fitness despite eO₃ levels. Under conventional timely sowing, wheat may suffer yield declines of up to 30 % amidst rising eO₃ levels. Early sowing emerges as a proactive strategy to maintain wheat productivity under increasing O₃ stress. Future studies should explore the effectiveness of early sowing across multiple wheat cultivars and climatic conditions to inform sustainable agricultural practices in high O₃ areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106018"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated physiological, transcriptomic and rhizospheric microbial community analysis unveil the high tolerance of woody bamboo Dendrocalamus brandisii under cadmium toxicity","authors":"Yurong Cao ,&nbsp;Qian Cheng ,&nbsp;Changyan Bao ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Wu ,&nbsp;Hanqi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) can disrupt the physiological functions of plants and affect the soil microenvironment. Previous studies have demonstrated the strong Cd tolerance of woody bamboo species, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. <em>Dendrocalamus brandisii</em> is a famous woody bamboo produces highly valued bamboo shoots in SW China and Southeast Asia. To analyze <em>D. brandisii</em>'s tolerance mechanisms to Cd stress, changes in physiology, gene expression, and rhizosphere microbial structure were analyzed in a simulated pot experiment, by exposing <em>D. brandisii</em> to different Cd concentrations. According to the results, the roots are the main sites for Cd accumulation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that excess Cd induced damage to plant organ cell ultrastructure, as chloroplast structural abnormalities and deformations in cell walls. Based on transcriptome analysis, some key DEGs and their involved pathways, such as metal transporters were identified to perform crucial roles in Cd tolerance. In addition, Cd significantly affects soil pH and further influences microbial community structure. Under Cd stress, the increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Ascomycota likely facilitated Cd tolerance in <em>D. brandisii</em>. Overall, the physiological characteristics of <em>D. brandisii</em> and beneficial rhizospheric microbes may improve the Cd tolerance in this bamboo, implying woody bamboos are a promising environment-restoration plant. These results provide important information for further research on multifunctional genes of Cd tolerance and selective changes in rhizosphere microbial communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}