Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Drivers of phenotypic variation and plasticity to drought in populations of a Mediterranean shrub along an environmental gradient","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing the factors driving intraspecific phenotypic variation is crucial to understand the evolutionary trajectories of plant populations and predict their vulnerability to climate change. Environmental gradients often lead to phenotypic divergence in functional traits and their plasticity across populations. We studied the entire environmental range of the Mediterranean gypsum endemic shrub <em>Helianthemum squamatum</em> to evaluate the factors underlying quantitative population differentiation and phenotypic plasticity to drought, using a common garden with 16 populations that covered the main geographic and the entire climatic range of the species. Sampling followed a hierarchical approach to assess trait genetic variation within and among four distinct geographical regions. We found high but similar plastic responses across populations, which were consistent with adaptive plasticity to drought, including advanced phenology, more sclerophyllous leaves, higher water use efficiency and larger seeds in dry conditions. Despite these generally similar plastic responses, we found significant population differentiation in quantitative traits, part of which was structured at the regional scale. Such differentiation was not associated with environmental variation, including differences in climate and soil conditions. This suggests that non-adaptive processes might have had a role on genetic differentiation in <em>H. squamatum</em>, likely due to the island-like configuration of gypsum habitats and the lack of effective seed dispersal of the study species. Our results emphasize the role of phenotypic plasticity in adaptive drought response and the importance of considering both adaptive and non-adaptive processes shaping intraspecific phenotypic variation, which is crucial for predicting plant population vulnerability to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated above and below-ground responses of the gypsum specialist Helianthemum squamatum (L.). to drought","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gypsum endemics (i.e. gypsophiles) have adapted to live in gypsum-rich soils where nutrient unbalance and drought can be extreme. Despite their relevance as plants adapted to extreme conditions, a complete analysis of the physiological responses of gypsophiles to drought is still lacking. <em>Helianthemum squamatum</em> (L.) Dum. Cours. is a conspicuous Iberian gypsophile that has been reported to use gypsum crystallization water during the driest period, but the mechanisms behind this process are unknown. To characterize gypsophile responses to drought and unravel the mechanisms underlying gypsum crystalline water use, <em>H. squamatum</em> plants were grown in pots with natural gypsum soil and gypsum soil with deuterium-labelled crystalline water. After three years, a drought experiment was carried out and whole-plant responses were investigated. Unexpectedly, the labelling treatment affected soil physicochemical characteristics and reduced microbial biomass and organic matter content, decreasing plant aerial biomass. <em>H. squamatum</em> plants did not use gypsum crystallization water during simulated drought neither in the labelled soil, nor in the natural one. Drought reduced plant transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use, photosynthetic rate and the foliar concentration of most elements except P and N, which were higher in the drought stressed plants. We detected increased root exudation of choline, an osmoprotector, by drought stressed plants. The drought treatment also affected the structure of microbial communities but did not reduce the relative abundance of functional microbial groups, highly adapted to the natural drought pulses. Our results highlight an integrated water-saving strategy of <em>H. squamatum</em> plants in the short-term, where responses at the leaf level are combined with belowground processes, like altered root exudation. Our findings also underline the remarkable resistance to drought of microbial communities present in gypsum soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercropping salt-sensitive Solanum lycopersicum L. and salt-tolerant Arthrocaulon macrostachyum in salt-affected agricultural soil under open field conditions: Physiological, hormonal, metabolic and agronomic responses","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity is one of the important environmental risks affecting agricultural production in the world. Under this condition and with the conventional cultivation methods, glycophyte plants, like tomato, are subjected to many stresses, such as ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutritional disturbance, oxidative damage and metabolic disorders, which cause growth inhibition and yield reduction. In this context, the main objective of our study was to compare the physiological, hormonal, metabolic and agronomic responses of tomato plants (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) grown in monoculture (TM) or intercropping (TH) with the halophytic species <em>Arthrocaulon macrostachyum</em> in a salt affected soil. The results showed that the intercropping system (TH) reduced the soil electrical conductivity, and Na⁺ and Cl^- contents, improving mineral nutrition in tomato plants compared to TM. In addition, TH decreased the osmotic stress, improved water potential and increased water use efficiency in tomato plants, whereas the integrity of gas exchange parameters were maintained; as a consequence, an increase in tomato yield was achieved. Moreover, the ratio of stress hormones (ABA, SA and JA) to growth regulating hormones (GA, auxins and cytokinins) decreased under TH. Metabolomic analysis showed clear defined patterns of differentially accumulated metabolites. Some of the metabolites with higher abundance in TH were linked to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism, whereas alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, monoterpenoid biosynthesis and butanoate metabolism pathways were downregulated. Our results support the importance of <em>A. macrostachyum</em> in the desalination of salt-affected soils and in the improvement of tomato yield in mixed culture. Indeed, this intercropping system offers farmers a low-cost biosolution that improves yields while respecting the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the multifaceted roles of soil microbes in mitigating abiotic stress in crop plants: A review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abiotic stresses, including thermal extremes, water scarcity, metal toxicity, and high salinity levels, pose significant challenges to agricultural sustainability and food security. These stresses, driven by climate change, soil degradation, and pollution, disrupt water and nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and cellular integrity. Consequently, plant growth, production, and yield are significantly reduced, highlighting the need for sustainable techniques, like utilizing soil microbes, which is crucial for effectively alleviating abiotic stress in plants. Microbial inoculation, particularly with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), significantly mitigates these stresses. These microorganisms enhance plant growth, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance through mechanisms like nutrient solubilization, polyamine accumulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. They improve plant physiological responses, such as photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance, and contribute to ultrastructural stability by maintaining membrane integrity and promoting the accumulation of osmolytes like trehalose, proline, polyamines (PA), and glycine betaine (GB). The activation of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) further reduces oxidative stress. Key signaling pathways, including the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade and Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signaling, play critical roles in plant responses to osmotic and ionic stresses. Additionally, aquaporins (AQPs), Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs) and Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins are integral to abiotic stress resistance. Microbial symbiosis enhances these pathways, promoting ion homeostasis and stress resilience. Overall, understanding the intricate interactions between plants and soil microbes, coupled with sustainable agricultural practices, is crucial for enhancing crop resilience to abiotic stresses and ensuring food security amidst climate change. This review paper emphasizes the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses on agricultural sustainability and food security, highlighting the imperative for sustainable techniques like utilization of soil microbes to effectively mitigate these stresses and enhance crop resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental environment as a factor shaping salinity tolerance in halophyte Tripolium pannonicum L.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parental environment can significantly influence a range of plant traits across different growth phases and developmental stages. The impact of parental salinity variability on offspring germination and environmental factor response still requires thorough investigation. Therefore, we investigated seeds of <em>Tripolium pannonicum</em> L. from low-saline (Cie) and high-saline (Ino) habitats to elucidate the germination potential and adaptation potential of progeny to varying salinity levels. Germination and growth experiments were conducted to analyze germination parameters, plant areas, water-related traits, the concentration of organic solutes, malondialdehyde, and the activity of crucial oxidative defence enzymes. In the germination experiment, Cie seeds demonstrated higher germination potential with longer germination time under 200–400 mM NaCl compare with Ino seeds. The Cie population achieved the highest shoot and roots area at 100 mM and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. The Ino population exhibited its highest shoot and roots area at 200 mM NaCl. The Ino population indicated an increase in stem cortex cell area at 400 mM NaCl. The Ino population enhanced the synthesis of osmolytes as part of the salinity tolerance mechanism. Antioxidant enzyme analysis indicated higher peroxidase activity in Ino and higher superoxide dismutase activity in Cie under salinity, suggesting distinct enzymatic roles in salinity adaptation between populations. Our findings highlight the critical role of parental environmental conditions in shaping progeny traits, enhancing germination potential, and enabling adaptation of progeny plants to diverse environmental niches. The study underscores population-specific responses to environmental factor, emphasizing the complexity of halophyte adaptation mechanisms to salinity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought alters the physiological quality of runner-type peanut seeds during seed formation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sub-optimal water supply during crop development, especially during peak flowering and pod filling, affects the quality of the produced seeds, generally resulting in poor seed quality. The goals of this study were to identify the acquisition pattern of physiological components in peanut seeds as well as to assess the impact of drought during peanut seed development on its physiological quality. The research was conducted at the USDA-ARS National Peanut Research Laboratory in Dawson, GA for three consecutive years (2019, 2020, and 2021) using field conditions under two water regimes, well-watered control and drought stress. Rainout shelters were used to prevent rain in the drought-stressed block for 30 d, starting 80 d after planting. The well-watered block received supplemental irrigation when soil water potential reached −40 kPa. Peanut pods from the cultivar Georgia-06G were harvested at 2500 growing degree days, and the peanut maturity profile board was used to classify the pods into different maturity classes. Germination, vigor, desiccation tolerance (DT), and longevity tests were performed on seeds from each maturity class and both water regimes. The acquisition pattern for the physiological components of seed quality was developed for seeds grown under well-watered and drought conditions. Maximum germination occurred in 'brown 1' and 'brown 2' under drought and well-watered conditions, respectively. Both water regimes reached maximum vigor in the 'brown 1'; however, under well-watered conditions, vigor had a rapid decline after 'brown 1' while under drought stress, the decline in vigor was slower. Maximum DT was achieved between ‘orange’ and 'brown 1' under drought conditions, whereas under well-watered conditions, maximum DT was achieved between 'brown 2' and 'black 1'. Seeds from immature classes had lower capacity to be stored compared with mature seeds. Overall, drought stress promoted greater physiological quality in the peanut seeds than the well-watered treatment. Maximum physiological quality was achieved in the transition from ‘orange’ into 'brown 1' under drought conditions, and in the transition from 'brown 2' to 'black 1' class under well-watered conditions. Also, drought stress preserved seed quality for a longer period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of light intensity on the responses of seedlings of neotropical tree species to nitrogen source","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light intensity plays a crucial role in N uptake and assimilation in plants, but its interaction with different N sources is overlooked. Considering the high energy required for N assimilation, it is hypothesised that low light is critical for the seedling development with both N sources, but with increased light intensity, growing with nitrate (NO₃^-) becomes favourable in relation to ammonium (NH₄⁺). Seedlings of <em>Cecropia pachystachya</em> (pioneer), <em>Guarea kunthiana</em> (shade-tolerant, understory) and <em>Cariniana estrellensis</em> (shade-tolerant, canopy) were grown in hydroponic medium with NO₃^- or NH₄⁺ as the sole N source and subjected to low (LL) or high light (HL) for 60 days. All three species showed a decrease in growth when cultivated with NH₄⁺, compared to NO₃^-, under HL, but not under LL. The decrease in biomass reached 54 % in <em>C. pachystachya</em>, 36 % in <em>G. kunthiana</em> and 26 % in <em>C. estrellensis</em>. Growth reduction was associated with stomatal limitation of photosynthesis and reduced leaf area in <em>C. pachystachya</em>, and with non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis and oxidative stress in <em>G. kunthiana</em>. Cation uptake was negatively affected by NH₄⁺ in all species. <em>Cariniana estrellensis</em> showed no photosynthetic limitation and showed a higher tolerance to NH₄⁺ under HL in terms of nutrient content. In conclusion, neither N source significantly favors seedling development under LL, while NH₄⁺ is considerably more unfavorable for seedling development than NO₃^- under HL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aluminium bioavailability and toxicity disrupted chloroplast structure and inhibited inorganic carbon utilization and nutrient uptake in Vallisneria natans at acidic and alkaline pH","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Vallisneria natans</em>, as submerged aquatic plants, face significant threats from aluminium (Al) toxicity. While the effects of Al at low pH on terrestrial plants have been extensively studied, there is a lack of research on the impacts of both low and high pH on chloroplast ultrastructure and nutrient uptake in submerged plants. This research is important as it aims to fill this gap by exposing the leaves of Vallisneria natans to 100 μM Al at varying pH levels (4.5, 5.5, 7.5, and 9.5) for 48 hours. The results showed that inorganic carbon (CT), CO₂, and HCO₃ content increased at extreme pH levels (4.5 and 9.5), suggesting decreased inorganic carbon utilization under Al stress. Additionally, photosystem II efficiency and electron transport rate were significantly reduced at extreme pH levels, highlighting the sensitivity of V. natans to Al. Chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content were significantly lower at pH 4.5 compared to pH 7.5. Chloroplast structural disruptions were evident at extreme pH levels coupled with Al exposure, whereas minimal injury was observed at pH 5.5 and 7.5. The study also noted vacuole enlargement, altered plasma membrane permeability, and hematoxylin staining, indicating Al accumulation in leaves. ICP analysis revealed increased Al content at extreme pH levels, underscoring heightened Al bioavailability and toxicity. Significant reductions in macro and micronutrient content (P, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, B, Mn) were observed, likely due to Al-induced root and cell damage and altered nutrient uptake. These findings emphasize the complex interplay between Al exposure, pH fluctuations, and their cascading effects on the physiology and elemental composition of <em>Vallisneria natans</em>, highlighting the need for further research and environmental management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly distinctive population-specific thallium hyper-tolerance and hyperaccumulation in Silene latifolia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thallium is the most toxic element known to mankind and an emerging environmental contaminant of concern. Thallium is not only toxic, but also economically valuable, and therefore novel methods for extraction from contaminated land or wastes are desirable, including phytomining using hyperaccumulator plants. Facultative hyperaccumulation is a rare phenomenon reported from a small number of widespread species in which most populations are metal sensitive, but some populations are metal tolerant and hyperaccumulating. <em>Silene latifolia</em> is such as facultative hyperaccumulator for thallium, and in this study, we examined population-specific thallium tolerance and accumulation trait in two metallicolous and two non-metallicolous population. The results reveal that the metallicolous populations were thallium hyper-tolerant and hyperaccumulating, attaining up to 7000 and 14,000 µg Tl g⁻¹ d.w. at the highest thallium dose level in hydroponics (60 µM), while had minimal growth reductions. In contrast, the non-metalliferous populations accumulated up to 1000 and 2000 µg g⁻¹ d.w. and had a growth reduction of 50–70 % at the highest thallium dose level. Moreover, metallicolous populations preserved photosynthetic activity and had higher ionome stability under thallium treatment, in addition to a positive correlation between thallium and sulfur in their shoots. This study revealed a striking ecotypic response in thallium tolerance/accumulation in <em>Silene latifolia.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from the desert legume tree, Prosopis cineraria to develop stress-tolerant crops","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants inhabiting adverse growth conditions compete against stresses by the endogenous regulatory elements <em>viz</em>., promoters and terminators at the ‘right time’ (time-of-stress-act), ‘right place’ (tissue-of-act), and ‘right expression’ (time-of-transcription). Heat stress at the reproductive stage impedes pollen viability and stigma receptiveness, affecting the seed set. <em>Prosopis cineraria,</em> the dominant desert-inhabiting legume tree, is heat- and drought-tolerant. The distribution of heat shock elements in a heat-inducible promoter determines the magnitudes of target gene expression in different tissues/organs. Relative expression of <em>P. cineraria</em> heat shock protein <em>18.2</em> (<em>PcHsp18.2</em>) in alternate months of 2021 displayed the highest expression in summer. The flowers collected in June, the hottest month (47 °C) of 2021, exhibited a high expression of <em>PcHsp18.2.</em> The germination of the pollen collected was 80 %, and the trees eventually set seeds. Comprehensive analysis of the promoter (<em>pPcHSP18.2</em>) and terminator (<em>tPchsp18.2</em>) of <em>PcHsp18.2</em> by expressing the <em>gusA</em> in tobacco exhibited the highest expression under heat stress as similar to the expression of <em>PcHsp18.2</em> in environmental samples. Ectopic expression of <em>gusA</em> under <em>PcHsp18.2</em> promoter and terminator resulted in an increased seed set due to the viability of pollen and stigma under heat stress. The <em>gusA</em> expression under <em>PcHsp18.2</em> promoter and terminator was high-fold in anther compared to the <em>Lat52</em> and <em>g10</em> (endogenous genes under its promoter and terminator) genes under heat stress. The expression of genes under strong and balanced endogenous inducible promoter and terminator combinations, as in the desert-growing <em>P. cineraria</em> in transgenic plants, enables the development of resilient crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}