Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Factors determining the invasion pattern of Ageratina adenophora Spreng. in Kumaun Himalaya India","authors":"Bhawna Negi ,&nbsp;Kavita Khatri ,&nbsp;Surendra Singh Bargali ,&nbsp;Kiran Bargali","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Factors such as topography, soil composition, and nutrient availability significantly influence the density patterns of <em>Ageratina adenophora</em>. Understanding these dynamics addresses a gap in our knowledge of the species' adaptive mechanisms in mountainous regions. Furthermore, the impact of habitat features along road corridors on the population dynamics of invasive plants remains underexplored, particularly regarding the effects of disturbance levels, light availability, and soil properties on their establishment. A species-specific rapid ecological assessment was conducted using stratified random sampling, with parallel transects of 50 × 2 m established in triplicates at 20 m intervals. This resulted in 43 main transects across the identified plots and 67 parallel transects in adjacent habitats. The number of individuals of <em>A. adenophora</em> and its clumps were recorded from each quadrat. Chemical and physical parameters of soil were measured for soil collected from 0 to 15 cm depth. Linear Mixed Model analysis revealed a significant negative effect of elevation (p&lt;0.05) on the density of clumped individuals (Estimate: −0.31, t-value: −3.05), total individuals (Estimate: −0.27, t-value: −2.61), and clump number (Estimate: −0.30, t-value: −4.78). Western aspect also showed a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in clumped individuals (Estimate: −1.83, t-value: −2.80), total individuals (Estimate: −2.24, t-value: −3.47), and clump number (Estimate: −0.81, t-value: −1.97). Total <em>A. adenophora</em> density was highest near settlements (133 ind. m², Estimate: 1.19) and grasslands (103 ind. m², Estimate: 1.16), but lowest in broadleaf forests (26 ind. m²). Density decreased significantly with increasing distance from road verges (Estimate: −0.24, t-value: −2.34). Soil moisture content positively influenced total individuals (Estimate: 0.19, t-value: 2.75), clumped individuals (Estimate: 0.23, t-value: 3.20), clump numbers (Estimate: 0.05, t-value: 1.09), and individuals per clump (Estimate: 0.37, t-value: 3.28). Available nitrogen positively influenced non-clumped individuals (Estimate: 0.17, t-value: 2.04) but negatively affected individuals per clump (Estimate: −0.25, t-value: −2.21), indicating that lower nitrogen levels correlate with higher individual density per clump. Hence, effective restoration efforts are needed including soil improvement, invasive species removal and control, and the planting of native species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saline-alkaline conditions altered Bolboschoenus planiculmis carbon and nitrogen allocation tradeoffs","authors":"Jingyao Wang,&nbsp;Fengxue Shi,&nbsp;Liu Yang,&nbsp;Haibo Jiang,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Chunguang He","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization is an important factor that limits global agricultural production, specifically limiting the effectiveness of nitrogen-carbon resources and inhibiting plant growth. However, previous observations have focused on resource allocation, and there is little information about the coordination of carbon-nitrogen acquisition, allocation, and regulatory processes. We performed glasshouse pot experiments under different saline-alkaline conditions, and we measured 66 above- and belowground functional traits of <em>Bolboschoenus planiculmis</em>, to examine carbon-nitrogen resource acquisition and allocation strategies and their driving processes. Saline-alkaline conditions shifted <em>B. planiculmis</em> root-leaf functional traits toward a more acquisitive phenotype. Under low saline-alkaline conditions, although the root-leaf economic strategy inhibited resource acquisition efficiency, the opportunistic carbon-nitrogen capture and allocation strategy contributed to the maintenance of normal growth. However, highly saline-alkaline conditions led to the early enrichment of carbon-nitrogen resources in the corm. Additionally, saline-alkaline conditions altered the importance of physiological and biochemical processes in the carbon and nitrogen allocation regulatory network. In summary, <em>B. planiculmis</em> uses an opportunistic resource acquisition strategy under saline-alkaline conditions and a salt-avoidance allocation strategy under highly saline-alkaline conditions. This approach enables the maintenance of growth dominance under saline-alkaline conditions via gradient resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inoculation with multifunctional Bacillus sp. NEAU-DCB1-2 mitigates chromium toxicity in pakchoi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) through a multi-level mechanism","authors":"Lifeng Guo ,&nbsp;Dandan Du ,&nbsp;Tingting Li ,&nbsp;Ling Ling ,&nbsp;Wenshuai Song ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Yu ,&nbsp;Junlei Zhao ,&nbsp;Wensheng Xiang ,&nbsp;Junwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil chromium (Cr) accumulation is escalating, severely hindering plant growth and development. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have shown potential in enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metals. However, the role and mechanisms of Cr(VI)-reducing PGPB strains in improving the growth of pakchoi under Cr toxicity remain unclear. This study aimed to isolate a Cr(VI)-reducing PGPB strain from Cr-contaminated soil, evaluate its effect on pakchoi growth under Cr(VI) stress, and investigate the mechanisms involved. Our findings showed that <em>Bacillus</em> sp. NEAU-DCB1–2 effectively reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and produced indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores. Under Cr(VI) stress, inoculation with NEAU-DC1–2 significantly promoted seed germination and early growth of pakchoi. In pot experiments, NEAU-DCB1–2 significantly increased biomass accumulation, plant height, and root length of Cr(VI)-treated pakchoi seedlings, while reducing the Cr(VI) content in root, shoot and soil. Moreover, NEAU-DCB1–2 greatly increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities in seedlings under Cr(VI) stress, thereby reducing malondialdehyde content. Transcriptome analysis indicated substantial alterations in gene expression patterns after inoculation with NEAU-DCB1–2 under Cr(VI) stress. Further analyses revealed that NEAU-DCB1–2 mainly affected the responses of antioxidant system, metal chelation and transport, together with auxin, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid signaling to Cr(VI) stress. Conclusively, the Cr(VI)-reducing PGPB strain NEAU-DCB1–2 significantly enhances the growth and Cr tolerance of pakchoi through multiple mechanisms, offering a valuable microbial resource for mitigating the adverse effects of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils on the yield and safety of vegetable crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of shaker K+ channel gene family in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and function of BvSKOR in response to salt and drought stresses","authors":"Ya-Dan Hu ,&nbsp;Pan-Pan Ren ,&nbsp;Ming Wei ,&nbsp;Henri Batoko ,&nbsp;Guo-Qiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potassium (K⁺) is the most abundant cation in plants, which is absorbed by roots and distributed throughout the plants and within plant cells, and is involved in various cellular processes. Shaker K⁺ channel plays crucial roles in the absorption and distribution of K⁺ and in the response to abiotic stress in plants. Herein, a total of six shaker K⁺ channel genes, <em>BvKAT1</em>, <em>BvKAT3</em>, <em>BvAKT1</em>, <em>BvAKT2</em>, <em>BvAKT5</em>, and <em>BvSKOR</em>, were identified in the genome of sugar beet (<em>Beta vulgaris</em> L.). The coding domain sequences (CDS) of these genes ranged from 2232 to 2739 bp, and protein lengths were varied from 743 to 912 aa. The shaker K⁺ channel genes contained hormone-related and light responsiveness <em>cis</em>-acting regulatory elements. The phylogenetic analysis showed that BvSKOR was highly conserved and contained six transmembrane structures. The expression patterns of <em>BvSKOR</em> under salt and osmotic stress were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and found that the expression level of <em>BvSKOR</em> under low concentration salt and osmotic stress at short period of treatment were significantly higher than that of the control group. The function of <em>BvSKOR</em> was further verified in tobacco (<em>Nicotiana tabacum</em>), and the results showed that under salt and osmotic stress, the roots of transgenic plants were significantly stronger than those of wild type (WT) plants, and the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugar, soluble proteins contents and antioxidant enzyme activity were significantly higher than those of WT plants. These results indicated that overexpression of <em>BvSKOR</em> can significantly enhance the salt and drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants. This study could provide theoretical support and genetic resources for genetic improvement of crops stress resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to drought stress via regulating respiration and ROS metabolism during germination","authors":"Yangmengfei She ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Bai ,&nbsp;Xuping Lu ,&nbsp;Weifang Min ,&nbsp;Tinglu Liao ,&nbsp;Lei Tian ,&nbsp;Peifu Li ,&nbsp;Chengke Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Germination marks a pivotal and sensitive phase in the life cycle of crops, with drought stress, precipitated by water scarcity, posing a significant impediment to the germination process in rice. Despite this, the regulation mechanism of respiratory and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism during rice germination under drought stress remains to be fully elucidated. This manuscript presents an integrative analysis encompassing morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular attributes of germinated seeds from a cultivated drought-sensitive rice variety (JN10) and a drought-resistant rice variety (NG36). Our findings revealed that drought stress adversely affected the germination of both rice varieties, with NG36 exhibiting a more rapid germination rate compared to JN10 under such stress conditions. This differential response was attributed to the heightened activities of key enzymes, elevated levels of metabolic intermediates, and upregulated expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in ROS and respiratory metabolic pathways in NG36. To further dissect the interplay between these metabolic pathways, we selected specific enzyme activities for detailed examination. Notably, a robust positive linear correlation was established among phosphofructokinase (PFK), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), citrate synthase (CS), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) in NG36. This correlation underscores the pivotal role of glycolytic pathways, particularly the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, in conferring drought resistance to NG36 during the germination phase under drought stress. To encapsulate our findings, the results of this investigation suggest that the rice cultivar NG36 manifests a heightened degree of drought tolerance relative to JN10. This is primarily achieved through the adept modulation of its respiratory metabolic pathways and the stringent preservation of ROS homeostasis during the germination phase under conditions of water deficit. These revelations provide unprecedented insights into the intricate regulatory mechanisms that subserve rice's drought resistance, potentially paving the way for the development of novel strategies in the breeding of rice cultivars with improved drought resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Microplastic stress on the composition and gene regulatory network of amino acid in Capsicum annuum","authors":"Yilan Cui ,&nbsp;Yueqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Guan,&nbsp;Youyang Fu,&nbsp;Xiao Yang,&nbsp;Mangu Hu,&nbsp;Rongchao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a widely used plastic in daily life. The extensive accumulation of PET microplastics (PET-MPs) in the environment adversely affects plant growth in multiple ways. However, the impact of PET-MPs exposure on the plant metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unexplored. To address this gap, we employed metabolomics and transcriptomics combination analyses to investigate the effects of PET-MPs exposure, varying in particle size and concentration, on the amino acid content and composition in pepper, as well as the underlying genes regulatory network. A total of 282 amino acids and their derivatives were identified, including 8 essential amino acids. Significant changes in differentially accumulated amino acids (DAAs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed across different treatments, indicating that PET-MPs exposure affects amino acid metabolism in peppers, with these effects closely related to the size and concentration of PET-MPs. Ten DAAs with significant variable importance were identified through OPLS-DA. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the red module was significantly correlated with most of the DAAs indicators, highlighting the essential roles of <em>HMSI</em>, <em>BCAT</em>, and 12 transcription factor (TF) genes in regulating amino acid synthesis under PET-MPs exposure. Furthermore, correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) identified three candidate genes, <em>HSMI</em>, <em>PROC</em>, and <em>FHM</em>, involved in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. This study enhances our understanding of MPs pollution and provides novel insights into the impact of MPs on crop growth and nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding cytokinin: Biosynthesis, signal transduction, growth regulation, and phytohormonal crosstalk under heavy metal stress","authors":"Asif Hussain Hajam,&nbsp;Mohd Soban Ali,&nbsp;Sumit Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Gausiya Bashri","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic activities have gradually led to heavy metal (HM) stress in plants, a growing concern threatening global food security. Hence, this issue requires significant efforts to mitigate the impact of HM stress on plants. Recently, phytohormones have gained attention as an approach to alleviate HM stress by enhancing plant tolerance through exogenous application and strategic modulation of endogenous biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Cytokinins (CKs) have emerged as key regulators in various physiological processes, particularly under HM stress, as they play a vital role in orchestrating adaptive responses by altering antioxidant defense systems, maintaining ion balance, and regulating stress-responsive gene expression. Moreover, CKs interact with other phytohormones, forming complex signaling networks that influence diverse aspects of biological processes. Understanding these interactions offers valuable insights into enhancing plant growth, development, and HM stress tolerance, particularly in contaminated areas. This review explores critical aspects of CK biosynthesis, transport, and signal transduction, as well as their roles in growth, development, and HM stress response. Additionally, it examines the crosstalk between CKs and other phytohormones, highlighting their potential to facilitate plant adaptations and gene expression, thus enhancing resilience under HM stress. This study integrates the mechanisms by which CKs modulate HM tolerance in plants, emphasizing their signaling dynamics under HM stress and novel interactions with other phytohormones. Furthermore, it addresses various aspects of these complex regulatory networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), revealing ATG8a and ATG18b participating in drought stress in Phoebe bournei","authors":"Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Yuting Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Han ,&nbsp;Qi Yang ,&nbsp;Shijiang Cao ,&nbsp;Zaikang Tong ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a highly conserved intracellular degradation process in eukaryotes, autophagy plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stresses such as drought. The aim of this study was to identify the autophagy-related genes (<em>ATGs</em>) in <em>Phoebe bournei</em>, and investigate the role of <em>PbATG8a</em> and <em>PbATG18b</em> in improving drought tolerance. In this study, a total of 35 <em>ATGs</em> were identified in <em>P. bournei</em>, and the basic physical and chemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal location, gene structure, conserved domain and <em>cis</em>-interacting elements in promoters of the <em>PbATGs</em> were analyzed. The expression patterns of <em>PbATGs</em> showed most <em>PbATGs</em> were response to PEG simulated drought treatment and ABA treatment, of which <em>PbATG8a</em> and <em>PbATG18b</em> were further selected for further research. <em>PbATG8a</em> and <em>PbATG18b</em> were transformed into yeast to improve drought tolerance, respectively. Overexpression of the number of autophagosomes. The overexpression of <em>PbATG8a</em> and <em>PbATG18b</em> in <em>P. bournei</em> increased the number of autophagosomes and the expression levels of other <em>ATGs</em>, such as <em>PbATG5</em>, <em>PbATG7</em> and <em>PbATG12</em>, which may be involved in the response to drought stress. Overall, we identified the <em>ATGs</em> and investigated the roles of <em>PbATG8a</em> and <em>PbATG18b</em> under drought stress, which provided a research basis and reference for the study of <em>PbATGs</em> in <em>P. bournei.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nickel phytoremediation potential of Plantago major L.: Transcriptome analysis","authors":"Shanwu Lyu ,&nbsp;Yujie Fang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhanfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Shulin Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Plantago major L</em>, a ubiquitous perennial weed thriving in diverse harsh environments, possesses a substantial reservoir of resistance genes, particularly those conferring resistance to heavy metals. Despite its prevalence, the intricate molecular mechanisms underpinning its exceptional ability to endure heavy metal pollution remain largely unexplored. Through transcriptome analysis, this study intended to reveal the mechanisms behind the enrichment of heavy metal Ni (nickel) in P. major and its potential for phytoremediation. In total, 7848 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited dynamic changes in tissues treated with different Ni concentrations. It was discovered that the root of <em>P. major</em> exhibited a more pronounced and significant response when exposed to higher concentrations of Ni. Furthermore, the upregulated genes associated with adversity stress were significantly observed in response to Ni stress. The majority of pathways related to plant growth and photosynthesis were significantly reduced; however, pathways related to metabolite synthesis, chitin synthesis, and adversity signal transduction were stimulated, and pathways related to root cell wall organization or biogenesis were suppressed. We identified that the rate-limiting enzyme PmHISN1A/B in the histidine synthesis pathway significantly enhanced Ni tolerance of the transgenic Arabidopsis without side effects, which was different to its Arabidopsis homologs. The study uncovered a molecular basis for the Ni tolerance of <em>P. major</em>, a heavy metal remediation plant, and provided potential genetic resources to cultivate novel <em>P. major</em> varieties or breed stress resilience crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting fodder oats to climate change: Enhancing growth, yield, and microbial dynamics under elevated CO2 and temperature","authors":"Maharishi Tomar,&nbsp;Prabha Singh,&nbsp;R. Srinivasan,&nbsp;Ravi Prakash Saini,&nbsp;Awnindra Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (e[CO₂]) and temperature (e°T) on various traits of oat (<em>Avena sativa</em> L.) varieties using open-top chambers (OTC) were investigated. A simulated environment was created for the experiment i.e., ambient temperature and CO₂ (a°T + a[CO₂]); elevated temperature (3 °C &gt; ambient temperature) (e°T); elevated CO₂ (550 ± 50 ppm) (e[CO₂]); and a combination of ambient temperature with elevated CO₂ (a°T + e[CO₂]), for accessing the effect of e°T and e[CO₂] on oats. a°T + e[CO₂] increased plant height to 121 cm compared to 114 cm in a°T + a[CO₂] and 111 cm in e°T + e[CO₂]. Seed weight was highest in a°T + e[CO₂] (3.09 g) compared to 2.53 g in a°T + a[CO₂] and 2.60 g in e°T + e[CO₂]. Leaf number and tillers were significantly higher in a°T + e[CO₂] (61.4 leaves, 10 tillers) than in a°T + a[CO₂] (27.6 leaves, 5.6 tillers) and e°T + e[CO₂] (44.3 leaves, 6.93 tillers). Chlorophyll content was highest in a°T + e[CO₂] (5.13 mg/g) compared to 3.61 mg/g in a°T + a[CO₂] and 1.47 mg/g in e°T + e[CO₂]. In contrast, germination rate was best in a°T + a[CO₂] (81.6 %) compared to e°T + e[CO₂] (60.3 %) and a°T + e[CO₂] (63.1 %). Malondialdehyde (MDA), a stress marker, was significantly higher in e°T + e[CO₂] (1.35 nmol/g) compared to a°T + a[CO₂] (0.299 nmol/g). Membrane stability index (MSI) was lowest in e°T + e[CO2] (13.2) compared to 20.9 in a°T + a[CO₂], indicating greater stress under e°T + e[CO₂]. Starch content in a°T + e[CO₂] (14.6 %) was more than double that of a°T + a[CO₂] (7.09 %). Microbial activity also showed significant differences. Dehydrogenase was highest in e°T + e[CO₂] (13.86 µg/g/day) compared to a°T + a[CO₂] (8.80) and a°T + e[CO₂] (12.62). Total bacterial count (TBC) increased in e°T + e[CO₂] (72) compared to a°T + a[CO₂] (61). Similarly, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and fungi (PSF) were highest in e°T + e[CO₂] (PSB: 104.5, PSF: 8.5) compared to a°T + a[CO₂] (PSB: 75.0, PSF: 4.0). <em>Rhizobium</em> and <em>Azotobacter</em> counts were elevated in a°T + e[CO₂] (95 and 94) compared to a°T + a[CO₂] (72.5 and 42.0), showing a strong positive impact of e[CO₂] on microbial populations. Specific oat varieties such as JHO-2000–4 and JHO-99–2 performed best under these conditions, showing higher yields and better stress tolerance. While e[CO₂] offers substantial benefits to oat plant growth and soil microbial activity, the additional stress from e°T complicates these benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}