Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic and antioxidant responses drive Haloxylon ammodendron’s adaptation to drip irrigation with saline and freshwater in saline-alkali soils","authors":"Haitao Dou ,&nbsp;Qiao Xu ,&nbsp;Tao Lin ,&nbsp;Zewen Tong ,&nbsp;Aishajiang Aili ,&nbsp;Hailiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saline water irrigation represents a promising strategy for addressing freshwater scarcity and rehabilitating saline-alkali lands, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to varying salt conditions remain poorly understood. This study investigated the molecular responses of <em>Haloxylon ammodendron（H. ammodendron）</em> to freshwater versus saline water drip irrigation in saline-alkali soils using integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses coupled with dynamic soil ion monitoring. Freshwater irrigation temporarily reduced soil Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels through leaching but caused Ca²⁺ and SO₄²⁻ accumulation, while saline water irrigation initially increased Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations before achieving ion rebalancing and pH stabilization. Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct molecular responses: freshwater irrigation induced 1305 differentially expressed genes primarily associated with secondary metabolite biosynthesis and antioxidant pathways, whereas saline water irrigation activated 825 genes enriched in carbohydrate metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis. Metabolomic profiling showed higher numbers of differentially expressed metabolites under freshwater irrigation, particularly organic acids and amino acids. Correlation analysis demonstrated that saline water irrigation enhances salt tolerance through suppressed gene expression and metabolic pathway reconstruction, notably involving key flavonoid biosynthesis genes (SS2296411, SS3033913) that enable precise adaptation to salt fluctuations. These findings reveal that <em>H. ammodendron</em> maintains physiological homeostasis under salt stress by dynamically regulating secondary metabolism, energy balance, and antioxidant systems, providing theoretical foundations for optimizing saline water utilization and developing salt-tolerant crops through targeted genetic engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenylpropanoid derived flavonoid biosynthesis pathway compensates for abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in dhurrin-free forage sorghum","authors":"Anita Kumari ,&nbsp;Alondra Cruz ,&nbsp;Pallavi Dhiman ,&nbsp;S.M. Impa ,&nbsp;Mitchell R. Tuinstra ,&nbsp;Gunvant B. Patil ,&nbsp;S.V. Krishna Jagadish","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sorghum (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> L. Moench) is a multipurpose cereal valued for its drought tolerance and biomass productivity. Despite its agronomic advantages, the widespread adoption of sorghum as a forage crop is significantly limited by the presence of dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside that, upon stress or herbivory, releases hydrogen cyanide (HCN), posing considerable risks to grazing animals. This study systematically investigated the metabolic ramifications of dhurrin elimination in a prussic acid-free (PF) sorghum genotype cultivated under contrasting irrigation regimes. The major aim was to elucidate the consequences of the loss of cyanogenesis on both agronomic performance and the modulation of stress-associated metabolic pathways. Untargeted metabolomics using UHPLC-QTOF-MS revealed significant metabolic reprogramming in PF sorghum, with comparable biomass and no yield penalty. Over 470 metabolites were differentially accumulated, including reduced alkaloids and phenolic acids and increased flavonoids, terpenoids, and jasmonates. Metabolic flux was redirected from dhurrin synthesis toward 4-coumarate-derived phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, boosting antioxidant production. Upregulated jasmonic acid biosynthesis suggests activation of alternative defence signalling. The loss of dhurrin leads to a comprehensive specialization of metabolism favoring antioxidant and hormone pathways without compromising growth, providing key insights for developing safer, resilient prussic acid-free forage sorghum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting possible correlations between leaf functional traits and heavy metal accumulation in two contrasting mangrove species across tidal gradients","authors":"Dadong Li ,&nbsp;Mengjie Tian ,&nbsp;Wei Ding ,&nbsp;El-Hadji Malick Cisse ,&nbsp;Lingfeng Miao ,&nbsp;Bingbing Ye ,&nbsp;Mengqi Li ,&nbsp;Yifan Long ,&nbsp;Fan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The leaves of mangroves are a key component of the plant biomass, and they have a prominent function in heavy metal accumulation from contaminated sediments, which modulates their functional traits. However, it remains unclear how mangrove leaf heavy metals coordinate with leaf traits at different tidal levels. Thus, two species, exotic <em>Sonneratia apetala</em> and native <em>Bruguiera sexangula</em>, were selected to perform a qualitative study that shed light on the mechanisms underlying mangrove leaf functional traits and heavy metal dynamics (As, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu) across different tidal levels. The results showed that with increasing tidal levels individual leaf weight and individual leaf area increased in <em>B. sexangula</em> but decreased in <em>S. apetala</em>. The <em>B. sexangula</em> showed a markedly higher capacity for heavy metal accumulation, sequestering metals in the spongy mesophyll, contrasting with <em>S. apetala</em>, which concentrated metals in the palisade mesophyll. Both species peaked in leaf heavy metal concentrations at mid-tidal levels, a phenomenon linked to specialized leaf structural adjustments, increased phytohormone levels (ZR, JA-Me, IAA and ABA), and amplified detoxification mechanisms, including reduced glutathione, non-protein thiols, glutathione-S-transferase, flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins, which were facilitated by acidic pH and Fe plaque deposition on roots. Partial least squares path modeling further suggested that phytohormones influenced metal accumulation indirectly by altering leaf anatomical features and boosting detoxification. These results highlight the importance of phytohormones' regulatory role in determining the variation of heavy metals in both species, which has significant implications for applications in using and selecting mangrove plants for phytoremediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palette of green: Exploring the effects of different wavelengths of green light on biomass and morphology in lettuce (Lactuca sativa)","authors":"Yunke Chen ,&nbsp;Elias Kaiser ,&nbsp;Ep Heuvelink ,&nbsp;Kai Cao ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Bian ,&nbsp;Qichang Yang ,&nbsp;Leo F.M. Marcelis","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is increasingly evident that green light (500–600 nm) affects plant growth, but the varying effects of different regions within this waveband remain unclear. We investigated how different regions of green light affect lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em>) growth, morphology and physiology. Lettuce was grown in a climate chamber with red/blue light as a reference treatment. In three green light treatments, 28 % of the red/blue light was replaced by green light. A higher fraction of green light logically meant a lower fraction of red and blue light. The green light was provided either by narrowband green LEDs peaking at 515 nm or 550 nm, or by a broadband green LED. In all treatments, light intensity was 212 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. After 21 days of growth, shoot biomass (+14–29 %) and height (+16–18 %) increased in all green light treatments compared to the reference, while leaf photosynthetic gas exchange and pigmentation remained unchanged. The largest biomass (+29 %) and leaf area (+18 %) were obtained in the narrowband green light treatment peaking at 550 nm. We conclude that the increase in lettuce biomass was not caused by a higher carbon assimilation per leaf area but may instead be explained by improved light distribution within the canopy. Our results suggest that specific regions in the green light waveband are more beneficial to lettuce growth than others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar amendment enhances water use efficiency in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under partial root-zone drying irrigation by modulating abscisic acid signaling and photosynthetic performance","authors":"Shangzhi Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Pengxin Hou ,&nbsp;Jianghan Ouyang ,&nbsp;Tovohery Rakotoson ,&nbsp;Congcong Zheng ,&nbsp;Qibo Tao ,&nbsp;Juan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deficit irrigation can potentially increase plant water use efficiency by regulating stomatal morphology and photosynthetic physiology, whereas the combined effects of biochar amendment and deficit irrigation on alfalfa growth and leaf physiology remain largely unknown in salt-affected soil. A split-root pot experiment was implemented to investigate the effect of biochar amendments (WSB: wheat straw biochar; CSB: corn straw biochar) and irrigation regimes (FI: full irrigation; DI: deficit irrigation, 70 % of FI on the entire root zone; PRDI: partial root-zone drying irrigation, only irrigating half of the root zone with soil water content maintained at the same level as that under DI) on the leaf morpho-physiological traits and water use efficiency of alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.). DI and PRDI exhibited a similar trend, with both leading to a significant reduction in stomatal conductance (<em>g</em>_s), carbon isotope discrimination (Δ¹³C_leaf), and net CO₂ assimilation rate (<em>A</em>) by altering stomatal traits and elevating leaf abscisic acid concentration ([ABA]_leaf), resulting in lower biomass accumulation. In contrast, biochar amendment of WSB and CSB significantly improved soil water-holding capacity, root water uptake and leaf water status, resulting in lower [ABA]_leaf and enhanced stomatal density (SD), stomatal size (SS) and Δ¹³C_leaf. Notably, PRDI combined with biochar amendment substantially enhanced leaf intrinsic WUE (<em>A</em>/<em>g</em>_s) and long-term WUE indicated by lower Δ¹³C_leaf, thereby increasing plant-scale WUE (WUE_plant) by 39–56 % compared to non-biochar-amended under PRDI treatment. Overall, co-application of biochar amendment and deficit irrigation facilitates more efficient and ecologically sustainable alfalfa management in salt-affected soil. Future studies should investigate long-term effects, underlying mechanisms, and large-scale applicability across diverse environmental contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High boron in irrigation water mitigates drought stress effects on 'Carrizo' citrange seedlings","authors":"M. Tasa ,&nbsp;M. González-Guzmán ,&nbsp;V. Arbona ,&nbsp;J.G. Pérez-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultivating citrus in semi-arid areas exposes them to drought periods and sometimes irrigation with non-conventional water sources (e.g. reclaimed water and desalinated seawater) containing high boron (B) concentration. This study aims to determine how high B influences plant water relations and water transport in well-watered (WW) and drought-stressed (DS) ‘Carrizo’ citrange [<em>Citrus sinensis</em> (L.) Osb. × <em>Poncirus trifoliata</em> L.] seedlings during a stress period and after rewatering. Seedlings were well-watered with control B (0.11 mg·L⁻¹) or high B concentration (5 mg·L⁻¹) for 29 days. Then irrigation was withheld from half the plants for 7 days (drought-stressed, DS), followed by a 10-day re-irrigation period using control B. High B irrigation increased endogenous B accumulation, without reaching toxic levels as chlorophyll fluorescence parameters remained unaltered and plant water status was unaffected. However, partial stomatal closure mediated by a 1.8-fold increase in foliar ABA accumulation decreased transpiration and photosynthesis. Under drought stress, plants irrigated with high B concentration better maintained their leaf water status, with leaf water potential decreasing by only 0.9 MPa compared to 1.8 MPa decrease in Control B-DS plants relative to their respective well-watered plants. Thus, high B enhanced drought tolerance through ABA-mediated stomatal regulation, allowing more conservative water use during drought. Plant water status of high B plants recovered faster and more completely than control B plants, which experienced greater drought-induced damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent responses to acid deposition and calcium addition in a subtropical secondary evergreen broadleaved forest: Experimental evidence from transpiration and water use efficiency dynamics","authors":"Lei Ouyang ,&nbsp;Longwei Lu ,&nbsp;Jingyi Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic acid deposition has induced severe soil acidification, leading to the depletion of calcium (Ca) and the accumulation of phytotoxic aluminum (Al). Ca is essential for sensing water stress, strengthening cellular structures, and enhancing plant water use efficiency (WUE), while Al impairs root function. Consequently, the altered soil Ca and Al dynamics are likely to produce divergent impacts on plant water use and WUE, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To investigate this, we conducted a manipulative field experiment simulating soil acidification (Acid) and calcium amendment (Ca) in a secondary evergreen broadleaved forest in South China from 2022 to 2024. We continuously monitored sap flow-based transpiration and analyzed the <em>δ</em>¹ ³C-derived intrinsic WUE (WUEi) in four dominant species: <em>Pyrenaria macrocarpa</em>, <em>Quercus myrsinifolia</em>, <em>Aporosa dioica</em>, and <em>Castanopsis fissa</em>. Additionally, we conducted periodic ecophysiological measurements, including soil and leaf stoichiometry, leaf water potential, and stomatal conductance. The results showed that species-specific responses to Acid and Ca treatments. <em>P. macrocarpa</em> exhibited no significant change in transpiration under the Acid treatment in 2022 and 2023 but showed a significant decline in 2024, suggesting a delayed toxicity effect from accumulated Al. In contrast, <em>A. dioica</em> consistently showed increased transpiration under the Acid treatment, potentially reflecting an adaptive strategy to maintain nutrient uptake and support photosynthesis in acidic soils. Both species showed a significant increase in WUEi with Ca amendment, positively correlating with soil Ca content and leaf Ca/Al ratio. In comparison, <em>Q. myrsinifolia</em> and <em>C. fissa</em> displayed no significant physiological responses to either treatment. These findings highlight the divergent strategies adopted by co-occurring dominant species in response to acid deposition and Ca amendment. Prolonged acid deposition may threaten species like <em>P. macrocarpa</em>, while species with high photosynthetic and water demands, such as <em>A. dioica</em> and <em>C. fissa</em>, may face increased risk of hydraulic failure under the combined stressors of acidification and drought.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver nanoparticles inhibit root growth and promote root waving by inhibiting polar auxin transport and local auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis root tips","authors":"Wuttisak Sarikhit ,&nbsp;Yang Bi ,&nbsp;Zhi-Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Juthamas Chaiwanon","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are incorporated into numerous consumer products for their antimicrobial and conductive properties. Despite the widespread use, the environmental implications of AgNP leakage, particularly on plant growth, remain underexplored. This study examined the effects of AgNP on root growth. Arabidopsis seedlings grown on vertical agar plates supplemented with AgNP showed a wavy root phenotype, which is caused by asymmetric growth at the root tips. The results showed that AgNP inhibited primary root growth and induced root waving in a dose-dependent manner; such effects were absent in seedlings treated with equivalent concentrations of silver ions (Ag⁺), indicating the unique impact of AgNP. Using auxin signaling mutants, we demonstrated that AgNP-induced root waving depends on functional auxin signaling. Analysis of auxin reporter lines revealed that AgNP disrupted normal auxin distribution and induce asymmetric auxin accumulation by interfering with polar auxin transport, specifically through downregulation of auxin efflux and influx carrier expression in the root tip —except for <em>PIN2</em>, which was upregulated in the epidermis and cortex. Furthermore, inhibition of TAA1-mediated local auxin biosynthesis using kynurenine, as well as mutation of the <em>TAA1</em> gene, exacerbated the root waving phenotype under AgNP treatment. Together, these findings reveal that AgNP modulates root growth and waving by interfering with auxin homeostasis and transport, highlighting a potential ecological risk posed by nanoparticle contamination in the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Position-specific isotope labelling gives new insights into chiral monoterpene synthesis of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.)","authors":"L. Erik Daber ,&nbsp;Philipp Nolte ,&nbsp;Jürgen Kreuzwieser ,&nbsp;Mirjam Meischner ,&nbsp;Jonathan Williams ,&nbsp;Christiane Werner","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chiral forms of monoterpenes and their enantiomeric composition are of ecological significance, e.g. for plant-insect interactions. However, biosynthetic pathways and drought-induced changes of enantiomeric monoterpene emissions are barely understood. We analyzed, for the first time, drought effects on the enantiomeric composition of <em>de novo</em> vs. storage emitted monoterpenes from Norway spruce saplings by position-specific ¹³C-pyruvate (¹³C2- and ¹³C1-labelled) feeding and ¹³CO₂ fumigation. Drought reduced total monoterpene emissions already during its early stages, strongly linked to net photosynthesis, and lead to a decline in <em>de novo</em> synthesis of monoterpenes. However, it unevenly affected chiral monoterpenes, leading to compositional changes of emissions with increasing drought. At the onset of drought, the (-)-enantiomers of limonene, β-phellandrene, α- and β-pinene were emitted at higher rates than the (+)-enantiomers. Our results suggest that (-)-enantiomers were emitted mainly from storage pools while emissions of (+)-enantiomers rather depended on <em>de novo</em> biosynthesis. Even though biosynthesis of different monoterpenes derives from the same precursor pool, isotopic label incorporation revealed three groups among monoterpenes: storage derived, dominantly labelled via ¹³C2-pyruvate, and dominantly labelled via ¹³CO₂-fumigation. Our results contribute to a growing amount of evidence of high flexibility in metabolic pathways of monoterpene biosynthesis in plant cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of biological soil crusts reshapes the strategies of non-structural carbohydrates in response to nitrogen deposition","authors":"Mingming Wang ,&nbsp;Zihan Kan ,&nbsp;Tingting Hui ,&nbsp;Boyi Song ,&nbsp;Huiliang Liu ,&nbsp;Benfeng Yin ,&nbsp;Ye Tao ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Rong ,&nbsp;Wei Hang ,&nbsp;Yuanming Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) are critical indicators of the carbon acquisition and consumption balance in vascular plants, and are equally important for biological soil crusts (BSCs), which serve as significant carbon sinks in arid regions. Nitrogen (N) deposition significantly alters NSC storage by affecting plant growth, photosynthesis, and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. However, the response of NSC to N deposition may vary across different developmental stages of BSCs due to differences in physiological structures and soil properties. We conducted a long-term field N addition experiment (2010–2021) in the Gurbantunggut Desert, with N rates from 0 to 3 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ and a 2:1 NH₄⁺-N to NO₃⁻-N ratio, to examine the effects of N on NSC and their components (fructose, sucrose, soluble sugars, and starch) in three BSC types: cyanobacterial, lichen, and moss crusts. Our results revealed that the development of BSCs from cyanobacterial to lichen and moss crusts significantly alters NSC allocation, with an increasing ratio of soluble sugars to starch (0.24–1–1.68). As N added levels rise, NSC content in all three BSC types exhibits a nonlinear trend, characterized by low promotion and high inhibition, with distinct threshold points (N1.5-N0.5-N0.5). This phenomenon arises from shifts in the NSC driving factors under N addition: transitioning from soil nutrient dependence (cyanobacteria) to regulation by plant antioxidant enzyme activity (lichen), and ultimately to a more complex physiological regulation involving photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyme activities (Moss). This study reveals the transition of BSCs from “environmental adapters” to “ecological regulators” throughout their successional stages. These findings provide new insights into the C metabolism of BSCs and have important implications for ecological restoration in N-impacted arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}