Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Fast chlorophyll fluorescence rise kinetics as a high-throughput diagnostic tool for evaluating the capacity of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid at inducing plant resistance against high temperature","authors":"Jingjing Li ,&nbsp;Haiou Liu ,&nbsp;Yanjing Guo ,&nbsp;Yuan Chang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;He Wang ,&nbsp;Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Ji ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujing Liu ,&nbsp;Bernal E. Valverde ,&nbsp;Shiguo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant resistant induction is considered as a promising strategy for protecting crops against extreme high temperature (HT). However, a high-throughput method to accurately estimate the capacity of plant resistance inducers (PRIs) for HT resistance has not been developed. Here, we present a simple approach using fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics in <em>Arabidopsis</em> leaf discs to assess PRI efficacy in inducing HT resistance. Both 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid (AMHA) and salicylic acid (SA) significantly alleviated the temperature-dependent increase in the K-peak of the OJIP curve and variations in amplitude of heat-responsive JIP-test parameters within the elevated-temperature range of 25–42℃. The PI_ABS (performance index on absorption basis) and W_K (relative variable fluorescence at the K-step to the amplitude F_J - F_O) as two classical heat-responsive characteristic parameters were used to produce a novel hypersensitive parameter HT sensitivity indicator, PI_ABS/W_K (named <em>H</em>_s). Based on the correlation of log<em>H</em>_s with elevated temperatures, a model for quantifying the capacity of HT-resistance induction (called <em>C</em>_<em>i</em>) by AMHA or SA was established. A three-grade classification according to the <em>C</em>_<em>i</em> value was proposed as low (0&lt; <em>C</em>_<em>i</em> ≤ 1℃), moderate (1℃ &lt; <em>C</em>_<em>i</em> ≤ 2℃), and high res_<em>i</em>stance (<em>C</em>_<em>i</em> &gt; 2℃). AMHA at 1 µM and SA at 100 µM had <em>C</em>_<em>i</em> values of 2.49℃ and 4.09℃ in <em>Arabidopsis</em> plants, respectively, associated with their high level of HT resistance induction. Additionally, the EC₅₀ derived from the relative stimulation ratio (<em>K</em>_c) was also introduced as a quantitative index for measuring the ability of AMHA and SA to induce HT resistance. The EC₅₀ value of AMHA is about 0.1 µM in <em>Arabidopsis</em> and 0.35 µM in tomato, being much lower than that of SA (approximately 63 µM in <em>Arabidopsis</em>). Thus, AMHA is a more potent plant inducer than SA. The model was validated through additional experimental evidence, demonstrating its reliability and applicability. This study provides an expeditious high-throughput method for screening promising PRI candidates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106040"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering genetic mechanisms of Al toxicity tolerance through meta-QTL analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Sandeep Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Anita Kumari ,&nbsp;Kuldeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Vijaya Laxmi ,&nbsp;Simardeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Harendra Verma ,&nbsp;Philanim Shimray ,&nbsp;Letngam Touthang ,&nbsp;Manjeet Talukdar ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Binay K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice is known for its tolerance to high aluminum (Al) concentrations in soil. However, the precise genetic and physiological mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Recent research has identified several candidate genes (CGs) and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Al toxicity tolerance in rice. Nevertheless, many more QTLs/genes are yet to be precisely mapped. We employed meta-QTL (M-QTL) analysis, integrating 12 independent mapping studies and 5 Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). The meta-analysis identified 53 M-QTLs from 157 projected QTLs, which were further narrowed down to 28 M-QTLs based on the number of overlapping QTLs on a consensus map. Gene identification through batch retrieval from the RAP database yielded 2765 non-redundant genes within the 28 M-QTL regions. Comparison of M-QTL CGs with six expression datasets associated with Al toxicity tolerance in rice resulted in the identification of 219 CGs with significant differential expression. Notably, 34 CGs were identified to be common across at least 2 studies. Further downstream analyses of CGs revealed the presence of <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements, transcription factors, and transporter proteins related to the Al toxicity tolerance response. Additionally, we analyzed the expression patterns of the four CGs, namely <em>NRT2.3</em>, <em>ALMT4</em>, <em>MT1</em>, and <em>MTP11</em>, which showed significant upregulation in the Al toxicity-tolerant rice genotype, Anjali. Conversely, in the sensitive genotype Swarna, only <em>NRT2.3</em> exhibited upregulation, while <em>ALMT4</em>, <em>MT1</em>, and <em>MTP11</em> were downregulated. Our study highlights significant meta-regions that hold the potential for improving rice genotypes for enhanced tolerance to Al toxicity in acidic soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher endogenous abscisic acid confers greater tolerance to saline-alkaline stress in Petunia hybrida","authors":"Xueqi Liu ,&nbsp;Hongzhuang Niu ,&nbsp;Jiazhe Li,&nbsp;Decheng Jiang,&nbsp;Ruihong Chen,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Qian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saline-alkaline stress not only leads to reduced crop yields but also diminishes the ornamental value of flowers. While petunia exhibits tolerance to saline-alkaline stress, research on the mechanisms underlying this tolerance remains unreported. We investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying saline-alkaline stress tolerance using two petunia genotypes (Haishishenlou and Mitchell Diploid) with differing tolerance levels. Haishishenlou exhibited less inhibition of growth under saline-alkaline stress compared to Mitchell Diploid, as indicated by higher biomass. Higher endogenous concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) and greater expression levels of ABA biosynthetic genes and lower expression levels of ABA catabolic genes in Haishishenlou than in Mitchell Diploid were observed when challenged by saline-alkaline stress, suggesting that a higher concentration of ABA may underpin the greater tolerance of Haishishenlou to saline-alkaline stress than that of Mitchell Diploid. Under saline-alkaline conditions, Haishishenlou displayed higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rates, Pro and soluble sugars content, as well as higher activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and a lower Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. Exogenous application of ABA alleviated the growth inhibition induced by saline-alkaline stress, promoted the accumulation of proline and soluble sugar, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio, and improved antioxidative capacity. These results indicated that a higher endogenous concentration of ABA may underpin the greater tolerance of petunia seedlings to saline-alkaline stress, and exogenous ABA improves the saline-alkaline tolerance of petunia seedlings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of two lycopene beta-cyclases reveal their essential roles in photoprotection in Nicotiana tabacum","authors":"Kun Li ,&nbsp;Mengxin Shen ,&nbsp;Ran Wang ,&nbsp;Wenqi Yang ,&nbsp;Lingmin Zou ,&nbsp;Kun-Peng Jia ,&nbsp;Haipeng Li ,&nbsp;Rui Xu ,&nbsp;Qianyun Jia ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujie Wang ,&nbsp;Zhikun Duan ,&nbsp;Xuwu Sun ,&nbsp;Jose R. Botella ,&nbsp;Yuchen Miao ,&nbsp;Jinggong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carotenoids are essential isoprenoids with vital roles in photoprotection and antioxidative processes in photosynthetic organisms. Lycopene Beta-cyclase (<em>β</em>-LCY) is a key enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis; however, the role of <em>β</em>-LCY in photoprotection is still unclear. In this study, we characterized two <em>β</em>-<em>LCY</em> genes in an allotetraploid tobacco cultivar K326, that are primarily expressed in leaves. Reduction of <em>β-LCY</em> expression by RNA interfercnce (RNAi) resulted in decreased carotenoid content, leaf variegation, impaired photosynthetic efficiency, and abnormal chloroplast morphology. <em>β-LCY</em> RNAi plants exhibited hypersensitivity to high light and lower non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) values under both normal and high light conditions. The stability of D1, a core subunit of photosystem II reaction center, was dramatically impaired <em>β-LCY</em> RNAi plants upon exposure to high light, suggesting severe photodamage of photosystem. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was increased in <em>β-LCY</em> RNAi plants compared to WT plants under both normal and high light conditions. These results indicate that <em>β</em>-LCY is crucial for NPQ, D1 stability and ROS homeostasis, thus protecting photosystem from photooxidative damage. These findings contribute to our understanding on the function of plant <em>β</em>-LCY and its potential implications for plant growth, development, and photoprotection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absorption and partitioning mechanism of nitrogen oxides by typical greening species of tree in Beijing","authors":"Shaowei Lu ,&nbsp;Mengxue Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Fang ,&nbsp;Junjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaotian Xu ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Qin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Liu ,&nbsp;Na Zhao ,&nbsp;Shaoning Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we analyzed the uptake of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and its processes of distribution in various organs of different typical greening species of trees and the differences in its uptake by these different species using the ¹⁵N stable isotope tracer method under the gradient of three NO₂ concentration treatments, namely, low, medium and high. These experiments were conducted using one-time artificial fumigation to provide necessary data and theoretical support for the selection and application of species of greening trees in urban gardens. The treatments of fumigation with different concentrations of NO₂ showed that the leaves of the six species of trees had the highest content of ¹⁵N. The organs that were the most effective at taking up ¹⁵N were the leaves in broadleaf trees and the branches in conifers. The content of ¹⁵N per unit of the leaves (0.0058–2.0486 μg/g) increased in parallel with the concentration of fumigant and then was rapidly transported to various organs in the tree. This caused different degrees of changes in other organs. The total content of ¹⁵N per unit was higher in the broadleaf species (0.0129–2.3171 μg/g) than in the conifers (0.0296–0.1260 μg/g). The leaves of broadleaf trees were the most effective at taking up ¹⁵N (0.0054–1.3228 %) under medium and high concentrations of fumigant with the exception of ginkgo. The ability of each organ of the other broadleaf species was leaves&gt;branches&gt;trunks&gt;roots, and the branches of conifers were the most effective parts of the trees at taking up NO₂ under three concentrations of fumigants (0.0789–0.4005 %). The highest rate of distribution of ¹⁵N was found in the leaves (48.14–99.53 %) in all six species under different concentrations of fumigant, and the distribution in the other organs varied to different degrees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen regulated reactive oxygen species metabolism of leaf and grain under elevated temperature during the grain-filling stage to stabilize rice substance accumulation","authors":"Yufei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yigong Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Peng ,&nbsp;Yiqian Sun ,&nbsp;Dengying Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Ran ,&nbsp;Yingying Shen ,&nbsp;Wenzhe Liu ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Ding ,&nbsp;She Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rational additional nitrogen is an important agronomic measure to cope with the adverse effects of warming on rice production. However, the mechanism by which nitrogen mitigated the adverse impact of substance accumulation due to elevated temperature is poorly clarified. Therefore, in this study, a field warming experiment during grain filling and 60 kg·ha⁻¹ of additional nitrogen was established. Under elevated temperature, panicle temperature was higher and increased more substantially than leaf temperature. However, nitrogen application did not significantly reduce the leaf, panicle, and canopy temperatures. Additional nitrogen under elevated temperature delayed the decline of chlorophyll, maintained leaf photosynthesis, and prolonged grain-filling period to alleviate the decrease of starch due to warming. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was sensitive to elevated temperature in leaves and grains. However, application of nitrogen under elevated temperature improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes to mitigate the increase of H₂O₂, resulting in a 30.31 % and 45.33 % decrease of H₂O₂ in leaves and grains compared to elevated temperature, respectively. Elevated temperature promoted the expression of heat-responsive genes, especially <em>HSP16.9</em> and <em>HSP26.7</em>, which were consistently increased in response to warming at 5–30d after flowering. In addition, the expression of <em>HSP16.9</em> at 5d and 10d after flowering and <em>HSP26.7</em> at 10d after flowering was further increased with nitrogen application under elevated temperature. Therefore, HSP may be the key regulator of grain response to warming with additional nitrogen under elevated temperature. In conclusion, the relevant results revealed the physiological mechanism of nitrogen to guarantee substance accumulation and provided new ideas for cultivation measures to protect against the likely scenario of global warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar flavonoids across an elevation gradient: Plasticity in response to UV, and links with floral pigmentation patterning","authors":"Matthew H. Koski ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Leonard ,&nbsp;Nishanth Tharayil","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolites produced in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway (FBP) mitigate abiotic stress caused by factors such as ultraviolet (UV) light. Testing whether constitutive flavonoid production or flavonoid plasticity differ between populations spanning ecological gradients can reveal whether geographic patterns are consistent with local adaptation. Abiotic induction of flavonoids can occur in leaves as well as flowers where flavonoids influence UV color patterns perceived by pollinators. Assessing how foliar flavonoids are associated with floral color phenotypes can shed light on how pleiotropy affects biochemical phenotypes across tissues. We exposed <em>Argentina anserina</em> (Rosaceae) plants from alpine and lower elevation populations to low and high levels of UV and measured foliar and petal flavonoid production using UHPLC coupled mass spectrometry. We associated foliar flavonoid abundance with petal flavonoid abundance, and the size of the UV absorbing petal area (‘UV bullseye’). We found that total foliar flavonoids increased in response to UV due to flavonol upregulation, but only one class of flavonols, fisetin, exhibited stronger plasticity in alpine populations. Alpine populations tended to increase the quercetin-kaempferol ratio more than low elevation populations when exposed to higher UV, a signature of photoprotection and radical scavenging. Relationships between foliar flavonoids and the floral UV bullseye differed between alpine and low elevation populations. Previous work showed kaempferol glycosides contributed to variation in UV bullseye size at high elevation, while non-kaempferols spanning multiple FBP branches were associated with bullseye size at low elevation. Here, we found that alpine plants with less foliar kaempferol and greater kaempferol allocation to petals than leaves had larger floral UV-bullseyes, suggesting that floral UV patterning may be shaped by a biochemical tradeoff between tissues. Overall, nuanced elevational differences in flavonoid plasticity revealed by detailed metabolite classification provided support for local adaptation. Additionally, our study highlights that flavonoid production in leaves could influence the evolution of flavonoid-based floral phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors determining the invasion pattern of Ageratina adenophora Spreng. in Kumaun Himalaya India","authors":"Bhawna Negi ,&nbsp;Kavita Khatri ,&nbsp;Surendra Singh Bargali ,&nbsp;Kiran Bargali","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Factors such as topography, soil composition, and nutrient availability significantly influence the density patterns of <em>Ageratina adenophora</em>. Understanding these dynamics addresses a gap in our knowledge of the species' adaptive mechanisms in mountainous regions. Furthermore, the impact of habitat features along road corridors on the population dynamics of invasive plants remains underexplored, particularly regarding the effects of disturbance levels, light availability, and soil properties on their establishment. A species-specific rapid ecological assessment was conducted using stratified random sampling, with parallel transects of 50 × 2 m established in triplicates at 20 m intervals. This resulted in 43 main transects across the identified plots and 67 parallel transects in adjacent habitats. The number of individuals of <em>A. adenophora</em> and its clumps were recorded from each quadrat. Chemical and physical parameters of soil were measured for soil collected from 0 to 15 cm depth. Linear Mixed Model analysis revealed a significant negative effect of elevation (p&lt;0.05) on the density of clumped individuals (Estimate: −0.31, t-value: −3.05), total individuals (Estimate: −0.27, t-value: −2.61), and clump number (Estimate: −0.30, t-value: −4.78). Western aspect also showed a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in clumped individuals (Estimate: −1.83, t-value: −2.80), total individuals (Estimate: −2.24, t-value: −3.47), and clump number (Estimate: −0.81, t-value: −1.97). Total <em>A. adenophora</em> density was highest near settlements (133 ind. m², Estimate: 1.19) and grasslands (103 ind. m², Estimate: 1.16), but lowest in broadleaf forests (26 ind. m²). Density decreased significantly with increasing distance from road verges (Estimate: −0.24, t-value: −2.34). Soil moisture content positively influenced total individuals (Estimate: 0.19, t-value: 2.75), clumped individuals (Estimate: 0.23, t-value: 3.20), clump numbers (Estimate: 0.05, t-value: 1.09), and individuals per clump (Estimate: 0.37, t-value: 3.28). Available nitrogen positively influenced non-clumped individuals (Estimate: 0.17, t-value: 2.04) but negatively affected individuals per clump (Estimate: −0.25, t-value: −2.21), indicating that lower nitrogen levels correlate with higher individual density per clump. Hence, effective restoration efforts are needed including soil improvement, invasive species removal and control, and the planting of native species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saline-alkaline conditions altered Bolboschoenus planiculmis carbon and nitrogen allocation tradeoffs","authors":"Jingyao Wang,&nbsp;Fengxue Shi,&nbsp;Liu Yang,&nbsp;Haibo Jiang,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Chunguang He","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization is an important factor that limits global agricultural production, specifically limiting the effectiveness of nitrogen-carbon resources and inhibiting plant growth. However, previous observations have focused on resource allocation, and there is little information about the coordination of carbon-nitrogen acquisition, allocation, and regulatory processes. We performed glasshouse pot experiments under different saline-alkaline conditions, and we measured 66 above- and belowground functional traits of <em>Bolboschoenus planiculmis</em>, to examine carbon-nitrogen resource acquisition and allocation strategies and their driving processes. Saline-alkaline conditions shifted <em>B. planiculmis</em> root-leaf functional traits toward a more acquisitive phenotype. Under low saline-alkaline conditions, although the root-leaf economic strategy inhibited resource acquisition efficiency, the opportunistic carbon-nitrogen capture and allocation strategy contributed to the maintenance of normal growth. However, highly saline-alkaline conditions led to the early enrichment of carbon-nitrogen resources in the corm. Additionally, saline-alkaline conditions altered the importance of physiological and biochemical processes in the carbon and nitrogen allocation regulatory network. In summary, <em>B. planiculmis</em> uses an opportunistic resource acquisition strategy under saline-alkaline conditions and a salt-avoidance allocation strategy under highly saline-alkaline conditions. This approach enables the maintenance of growth dominance under saline-alkaline conditions via gradient resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inoculation with multifunctional Bacillus sp. NEAU-DCB1-2 mitigates chromium toxicity in pakchoi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) through a multi-level mechanism","authors":"Lifeng Guo ,&nbsp;Dandan Du ,&nbsp;Tingting Li ,&nbsp;Ling Ling ,&nbsp;Wenshuai Song ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Yu ,&nbsp;Junlei Zhao ,&nbsp;Wensheng Xiang ,&nbsp;Junwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil chromium (Cr) accumulation is escalating, severely hindering plant growth and development. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have shown potential in enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metals. However, the role and mechanisms of Cr(VI)-reducing PGPB strains in improving the growth of pakchoi under Cr toxicity remain unclear. This study aimed to isolate a Cr(VI)-reducing PGPB strain from Cr-contaminated soil, evaluate its effect on pakchoi growth under Cr(VI) stress, and investigate the mechanisms involved. Our findings showed that <em>Bacillus</em> sp. NEAU-DCB1–2 effectively reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and produced indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores. Under Cr(VI) stress, inoculation with NEAU-DC1–2 significantly promoted seed germination and early growth of pakchoi. In pot experiments, NEAU-DCB1–2 significantly increased biomass accumulation, plant height, and root length of Cr(VI)-treated pakchoi seedlings, while reducing the Cr(VI) content in root, shoot and soil. Moreover, NEAU-DCB1–2 greatly increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities in seedlings under Cr(VI) stress, thereby reducing malondialdehyde content. Transcriptome analysis indicated substantial alterations in gene expression patterns after inoculation with NEAU-DCB1–2 under Cr(VI) stress. Further analyses revealed that NEAU-DCB1–2 mainly affected the responses of antioxidant system, metal chelation and transport, together with auxin, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid signaling to Cr(VI) stress. Conclusively, the Cr(VI)-reducing PGPB strain NEAU-DCB1–2 significantly enhances the growth and Cr tolerance of pakchoi through multiple mechanisms, offering a valuable microbial resource for mitigating the adverse effects of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils on the yield and safety of vegetable crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}