Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Genome architecture of the heavy metal tolerant and accumulator Hirschfeldia incana: Insights from genome sequencing, assembly, and comparative analysis","authors":"Said El Hasnaoui ,&nbsp;Mouna Fahr ,&nbsp;Abdelaziz Smouni","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Hirschfeldia incana</em> L., a member of the Brassicaceae family commonly found in Mediterranean regions, is known for its capacity to withstand and accumulate heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb) both in soil environments and hydroponic systems. This plant has been used as a model to study plant responses to heavy metals. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its tolerance and heavy metal accumulation are not fully understood, partly because of the limited knowledge about its genome. In this study, the genome of <em>H. incana</em> was sequenced, assembled, characterized, and annotated. Approximately 8.6 Gpb of data were generated using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT), resulting in a genome assembly of 390 Mb, comprising 5196 contigs with an N50 exceeding 131 kb. The genome had a BUSCO score of 97.2 %, with 38,454 genes and a repetition content of 38.25 %. Subsequently, the assembled genome was annotated using several databases including GO, InterPro, MetaCyc, PANTHER, Pfam, Reactome, SUPERFAMILY, and KEGG. This annotation yielded 22,661 GO terms and 143 KEGG maps. A comparative genomic analysis between <em>H. incana</em> and six Brassicaceae species (five hyperaccumulators of heavy metals and one non-hyperaccumulator) was also conducted. This analysis revealed that <em>H. incana</em> shares a substantial proportion of orthologous genes (89.7 % of orthogroups) with six Brassicaceae species. The generated phylogenetic tree suggests that <em>H. incana</em> is closely related to <em>B. juncea, B. napus,</em> and <em>B. oleracea</em>, indicating a common ancestry and potentially shared genetic factors contributing to hyperaccumulation in these species. Moreover, the copy number of twenty-nine genes involved in heavy metal tolerance and accumulation mechanisms in <em>H. incana</em> and six brassicaceae were assayed. This analysis revealed that <em>H. incana</em> and other hyperaccumulator species possess a higher copy number of genes related to heavy metal tolerance than the sensitive plant <em>A. thaliana</em>. Notably, the variation in gene copy numbers highlights their potential role in the adaptation of <em>H. incana</em> to heavy metal stress. This study provides a comprehensive genomic framework that enhance our understanding of <em>H. incana</em> adaptation to heavy metal stress, and offers valuable data for further genomic investigations of the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105991"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From landraces to haplotypes, exploiting a genomic and phenomic approach to identify heat tolerant genotypes within durum wheat landraces","authors":"Nadia Palermo ,&nbsp;Valentina Buffagni ,&nbsp;Filippo Vurro ,&nbsp;Giorgio Impollonia ,&nbsp;Domenico Pignone ,&nbsp;Michela Janni ,&nbsp;Henry T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Elena Dembech ,&nbsp;Nelson Marmiroli","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry and hot climates severely impact wheat yields, necessitating the development of innovative solutions to accelerate the breeding and selection of more adaptable durum wheat genotypes. The aim of this study was to identify new wheat ecotypes that can bridge the gap between commercial varieties and adaptability to ongoing climate change. In this study, advanced genomic and phenomic techniques were combined to characterize a set of durum wheat landraces derived from single seed descent (SSD). This approach enabled the identification of novel variability in the <em>TdHsp26-A1</em> and <em>-B1</em> genes. As a result, 38 durum wheat genotypes were analyzed using targeted enrichment PCR, leading to the identification of 17 novel haplotype combinations with SNPs in the TdHsp26 genes. The response of these SSD haplotypes to heat stress was characterized at both the seedling and tillering growth stages. Phenotypic analysis of contrasting genotypes led to the selection of two distinct genotypes: SSD69 and SSD397. During heat stress, SSD69 exhibited altered accumulation of H₂O₂ and MDA content under both growth conditions, providing new insights into the oxidative response to heat stress. Additionally, this work identifies phenotypic traits that are suitable for detecting differences between variants. The geographic distribution of the different alleles aligned with the spread of durum wheat from its center of origin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105986"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of ankyrin repeat gene family revealed SbANK56 confers drought tolerance in sorghum","authors":"Juanying Zhao ,&nbsp;Huiyan Wang ,&nbsp;Yujie Wu ,&nbsp;Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Xinqi Fan ,&nbsp;Du Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Guo ,&nbsp;Qingshan Liu ,&nbsp;Yizhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ankyrin repeat (ANK) proteins are crucial for cell growth, development, and response to hormones and environmental stress. However, there has been little research done to clarify the roles of ANK proteins in sorghum. In this study, 142 <em>ANK</em> genes of sorghum were identified and classified into 12 subfamilies according to the conserved domains. The <em>cis</em>-elements analysis revealed a substantial presence of stress-responsive elements within the promoter region of <em>SbANK</em> genes. After treated with drought, salt, and abscisic acid, <em>SbANK56</em> showed the highest expression levels among family members by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The survival rate was significantly improved by the overexpression of <em>SbANK56</em> compared to wild type (WT) under drought conditions. <em>SbANK56</em> overexpressing plants displayed lower malondialdehyde and higher proline contents compared to WT plants under drought conditions. Additionally, the expression levels of drought-associated genes were significantly increased in <em>SbANK56</em> transgenic plants. Importantly, the analysis of natural variation in <em>SbANK56</em> revealed a significant positive correlation between <em>SbANK56</em>_Hap4 and both its differential expression and drought stress tolerance. Taken together, our results provide some evidence for improving drought tolerance in sorghum through breeding initiatives while also advancing our knowledge of the evolutionary trends and functional mechanisms underlying ANK genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105989"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and proteomic responses of Posidonia oceanica to phytotoxins of invasive Caulerpa species","authors":"Daniela Oliva ,&nbsp;Amalia Piro ,&nbsp;Marianna Carbone ,&nbsp;Ernesto Mollo ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar ,&nbsp;Faustino Scarcelli ,&nbsp;Dante Matteo Nisticò ,&nbsp;Silvia Mazzuca","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The invasive green algae <em>Caulerpa taxifolia</em> (M. Vahl) C. Agardh, 1817 and <em>Caulerpa cylindracea</em> Sonder, 1845 are widely diffused in the Mediterranean Sea, where they compete for space with the endemic seagrass <em>Posidonia oceanica</em> (Linnaeus) Delile, 1813, a keystone species in Mediterranean marine biodiversity. The present study aims to explore the possible effects of bioactive metabolites from the invasive algae on the seagrass, which may imply an allelopathic action. In particular, the study focuses on the effects of the algal alkaloid caulerpin and the sesquiterpene caulerpenyne. Changes in leaf growth, chlorophyll content, and leaf protein expression of <em>P. oceanica</em> genets under treatments were evaluated after 28 days of cultivation in mesocosms. Caulerpenyne strongly inhibited the growth of adult leaves and the formation of new ones, while inducing the elongation of the intermediate leaves and increased total chlorophyll content; on the contrary, caulerpin did not significantly influence leaf growth and the formation of new ones. A total of 107 differentially accumulated proteins common to the two treatments were also identified using the proteomic approach. Both molecules induced cells to maintain homeostasis, enhancing the amino acid metabolism or fatty acid biosynthesis. Despite these disruptions, <em>P. oceanica</em> demonstrated a more efficient response to stress induced by caulerpin, stimulating the biosynthesis of essential amino acids to maintain cellular homeostasis and mitigate damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall, obtained results supports the possible role of caulerpenyne, and not caulerpin, as an effector in allelopathic interactions among invasive <em>Caulerpa</em> species and <em>P. oceanica</em> in the Mediterranean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105987"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Aspergillus flavus in modulating the physiological adjustments of sunflower to elevated CO2 and temperature","authors":"Renata A. Maia ,&nbsp;Milton Barbosa ,&nbsp;Augusto Cesar Franco ,&nbsp;Yumi Oki ,&nbsp;Maria Clara C. Romano ,&nbsp;Advanio Inácio Siqueira-Silva ,&nbsp;Eduardo Gusmão Pereira ,&nbsp;Luiz Henrique Rosa ,&nbsp;Heitor Monteiro Duarte ,&nbsp;Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Geraldo W. Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring the interactions between plants and foliar endophytic fungi under varying climatic conditions is crucial for harnessing endophytes that enhance plant resilience to environmental stressors. This study examines the role of a specific strain of <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> as an endophyte in sunflowers under standard and altered CO₂ and temperature regimes. We assessed the impact of this fungus on physiological traits such as chlorophyll and flavonoid content, gas exchange, and Chlorophyll a fluorescence using open-top chambers simulating ambient (∼420 µmol mol⁻¹) and elevated (∼880 µmol mol⁻¹) CO₂ levels, along with a temperature increase of 3°C. The findings indicate that <em>A. flavus</em> promotes nitrogen assimilation and chlorophyll production under ambient conditions, potentially enhancing sunflower growth and photosynthetic performance. However, under elevated temperatures (eT), inoculation with <em>A. flavus</em> resulted in decreased biomass and reduced Photosystem II efficiency. Elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) conditions also led to unexpected negative effects, with reductions in foliar nitrogen, leaf area, and light capture efficiency, culminating in diminished biomass. When both elevated CO₂ and temperature conditions were combined (eCO₂eT), the interaction further impaired Photosystem II efficiency, suggesting exacerbated physiological stress. These results demonstrate that environmental modifications can transform <em>A. flavus</em> from a beneficial endophyte to a potential pathogen, highlighting the dual nature of plant-fungal interactions. This study underscores the complexity of these relationships under changing climatic conditions and suggests a cautious approach to the agricultural use of endophytes to ensure plant health and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105992"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of cytokinins during flooding stress in plants","authors":"Niels Eerdekens ,&nbsp;John Vaughan-Hirsch ,&nbsp;Bram Van de Poel","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a world where climate change is increasingly affecting crop production, research into the functions of phytohormones during environmental stresses is crucial for the development of resilient crops. Cytokinins (CKs), conventionally recognized for their roles in cell division and vascular development, also exhibit involvement in stress adaptation. In the current climate setting, flooding events are increasing in both frequency and severity. Plants may suffer severe acute or chronic hypoxia, resulting in substantial yield losses. In this paper, the biosynthesis, signaling and transport of CKs, the impact of flooding on plants and the associated hypoxia signaling pathway of the group VII ethylene response factors are reviewed. Furthermore, this review summarizes the involvement of CKs specifically in flooding stress. Our review illuminates that CKs act as key phytohormones in regulating a number of processes associated with flooding stress, including epinasty, adventitious root formation, leaf chlorophyll degradation and transpiration. A hypoxia-induced alteration in root cytokinin expression pattern reduces root CK levels, thereby lowering CK transport to the shoot, and concomitantly affects shoot growth. The precise molecular mechanisms governing cytokinin-mediated responses to hypoxia remain incomplete. Future research could investigate a direct association between oxygen sensing and the cytokinin pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus mitigates the adverse effects of microplastics pollution on wheat and maize: Impacts on growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense","authors":"Zixin Geng ,&nbsp;Bingnan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yusui Duan ,&nbsp;Wansheng Xia ,&nbsp;Jianzhou Chu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MP) pollution in agricultural soils has become an important environmental problem. Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient for plant growth. P fertilizers are mainly applied to agricultural fields to achieve the high production expected by farmers. The experiment included two MP levels (0, 1 % w/w) and two P levels (0 mg kg⁻¹, 200 mg kg⁻¹) in order to know whether MP effects on wheat and maize are regulated by supplemental P supply. MP decreased plant height, photosynthetic pigment, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, while increased ROS and MDA contents. Wheat and maize exhibited distinct strategies in mitigating growth damage caused by MP pollution: wheat primarily increased the AsA contents, while maize predominantly enhanced APX activity. P supply alleviated the MP pollution effect by improving photosynthetic pigments, POD, and PPO activity in wheat and maize. P supply alleviated the MP pollution effect by improving antioxidant enzyme activities in the AsA-GSH cycling in wheat, while increasing non-enzymatic antioxidant contents in the AsA-GSH cycling in maize. The results showed that wheat and maize resisted MP pollution by different mechanisms, and P supply reduced the sensitivity of wheat and maize to MP pollution and its regulatory effect on wheat was better than that on maize.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>The response of different plants under the same microplastic and phosphorus conditions is limited. We find phosphorus alleviates microplastics pollution on wheat and maize through different regulatory routes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105993"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterologous expression of coffee HB12 confers tolerance to water deficit in transgenic plants through an ABA-independent route","authors":"Fernanda P. Cruz ,&nbsp;Roberta K.T.M. Loh ,&nbsp;Mariana L.C. Arcuri ,&nbsp;Carlos Dezar ,&nbsp;Luis W.P. Arge ,&nbsp;Thais Falcão ,&nbsp;Elisson Romanel ,&nbsp;Carolina V. Morgante ,&nbsp;João V.A. Cerqueira ,&nbsp;Thuanne P. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Stefanie M. Moura ,&nbsp;Adriana B. Arongaus ,&nbsp;Ighor L.G. Arantes ,&nbsp;Bruna P. Matta ,&nbsp;Regis L. Correa ,&nbsp;Eduardo Romano ,&nbsp;Maria F. Grossi-de-Sa ,&nbsp;Dorothea Bartels ,&nbsp;Raquel L. Chan ,&nbsp;Márcio Alves-Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth, with serious negative consequences for crop yields worldwide. Among these crops, coffee is severely injured by water deficiency. Despite its economic importance, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing coffee responses to water deficit. In the present work, a total of 288 members of the homeobox (HB) gene family were identified in the genome of the <em>Coffea arabica</em> Brazilian Coffee Genome Project database. <em>In silico</em> analysis allowed to determine the expression pattern of 33 HD genes. Among them, three genes (<em>CaZHD4</em>, <em>CaHB1-like2</em> and <em>CaHB12</em>) were found to be up-regulated by osmotic stress in the database. Expression analyses revealed that <em>CaHB12</em> is highly up-regulated in the leaves and lateral roots of <em>Coffea arabica</em> plants under moderate and severe water deficit conditions even after 10 days of drought induction. Functional characterization of transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing <em>CaHB12</em> resulted in increased tolerance to water deficit at different developmental stages and increased tolerance to salt stress during seed germination. To gain further insights into genes modulated by the ectopic expression of <em>CaHB12,</em> a RNA-Seq was performed revealing that classical drought-responsive genes were mostly repressed, suggesting that other mechanisms likely contribute to the tolerant phenotype exhibited by <em>CaHB12</em>-expressing plants, such as the pathway signalled by heat shock proteins, reactive oxygen species and heat shock transcription factor signalling pathways. Moreover, to provide further support for the involvement of <em>CaHB12</em> in drought stress tolerance, three independent soybean transgenic lines overexpressing <em>CaHB12</em> were employed in this study. Accordingly, at a physiological level, the constitutive expression of CaHB12 promotes the regulation of stomatal conductance and antioxidant activity under drought conditions, suggesting that this gene plays a key role in plant responses to water deprivation and can confer tolerance to drought stress. Our data suggest that <em>CaHB12</em> is a positive regulator of the stress response in coffee plants and indicate that this gene is a potential candidate for biotechnological approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105983"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of rising CO2 and temperature on grass phenology, physiology, and pollen release patterns in northern latitudes","authors":"Tarleena Tossavainen ,&nbsp;Minna Kivimäenpää ,&nbsp;Maria-Viola Martikainen ,&nbsp;Ari Leskinen ,&nbsp;Tiina Heinonen ,&nbsp;Anna-Mari Pessi ,&nbsp;Maria Louna-Korteniemi ,&nbsp;Sanna Pätsi ,&nbsp;Mika Komppula ,&nbsp;Annika Saarto ,&nbsp;Marjut Roponen","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change has complex effects on vegetation, including native grasses and those used as fodder plants. Like many other plant species, grasses respond to climate change by altering their phenology and physiological behavior, leading to changes e.g. in growth, reproduction and metabolic processes. Our study is the first to explore how <em>Phleum pratense</em> and <em>Alopecurus pratensis</em> respond to rising CO₂ and temperatures projected for northern latitudes for two growing seasons. We investigated growth, phenology, pollen release, and physiological parameters in plants cultivated under these conditions, simulated within environmentally controlled chambers.</div><div>Treatment with elevated temperature reduced the number of generative tillers and, consequently, decreased both the number of inflorescences and the season pollen integrals. Pollen release from <em>P. pratense</em> started up to 17 days earlier, and the daily peak concentration of released pollen was observed 1–2 h earlier in chambers with elevated temperatures when compared to the present climate conditions. Similar effects were noted in <em>A. pratensis</em>. Elevated CO₂ (EC) increased net photosynthesis of <em>P. pratense</em>, but this effect was reduced under elevated temperature (ET), suggesting an antagonistic interaction. In <em>A. pratensis</em>, both elevated CO₂ and temperature had an additive effect on increasing net photosynthesis, with the highest rate observed under the combined ETEC treatment. The elevated temperature or CO₂ did not affect the plant biomass.</div><div>Our findings propose that the rising temperatures in northern latitudes decrease the flowering of studied grasses and shift the seasonal and daily start of the pollen release. Changes in tiller proportions, reduced pollen integrals, and fewer inflorescences suggest that a warmer climate may negatively impact reproductive success, ecological fitness, and allergenic burden of these grasses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105995"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic, morphological, and anatomical changes over the development of cotton bolls and pedicels leading to boll opening under well-watered and water deficit conditions","authors":"Xuemin Hou ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Risheng Ding ,&nbsp;Taisheng Du","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth, development, and opening of cotton bolls largely determine the yield and quality of cotton plants. However, the hydraulic, morphological and anatomical changes of cotton bolls over this course are unclear. This study investigated the hydraulic properties, xylem structure and function of the cotton boll and the pedicel, and the boll transpiration over the developmental course of bolls under well-watered and water deficit conditions based on hydraulic measurements, dye tracing, boll water uptake, and microscopy. Results revealed that xylem structure and function of the boll and the pedicel were well maintained and bolls had a high transpiration rate during boll dehydration period under both conditions. Water deficit significantly reduced boll number, had no significant effect on the final dry matter content of bolls, and had limited effects on boll transpiration and hydraulic properties of the boll and the pedicel. This study indicates that vascular transport between the parent plant and the boll and boll transpiration were well coupled to ensure dry matter accumulation in the boll and promote boll dehydration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105996"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}