Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Is a combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi more beneficial to enhance drought tolerance than single arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in Lallemantia species?","authors":"Arezoo Paravar ,&nbsp;Qiang-Sheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change-induced abiotic stress hinders crop growth, providing a challenge to global food security and agricultural sustainability. An effective approach to safeguard crop production from drought stress is to use either a single species or co-inoculating different native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species. A pot experiment was carried out to examine the impacts of using single and combined AMF (<em>Claroideoglomus etunicatum</em>, <em>Funneliformis mosseae</em>, and <em>Rhizophagus intraradices</em>) on the growth and physiological-biochemical characteristics of <em>Lallemantia</em> species (<em>Lallemantia iberica</em> and <em>L</em>. <em>royleana</em>) under well-watered, moderate drought, and severe drought conditions. Drought stress had a notable negative impact on growth performance, photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, water use efficiency, nutrient uptake, oil and fatty acid levels, and sugar components, which were associated with restricted root development. In contrast, inoculation with mycorrhizal species, especially Mix 4 treatment (<em>C</em>. <em>etunicatum</em>, <em>F</em>. <em>mosseae</em>, and <em>R</em>. <em>intraradices</em>), significantly boosted root AMF colonization, leading to an increase in mycorrhizal growth response, mycorrhizal dependency, water use efficiency, and seed yield. Seeds produced under Mix 4 inoculation showed the highest levels of mucilage, sugar compounds, oil, and fatty acid compositions, compared with individual AMF and other AMF mixtures. Furthermore, the presence of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced by applying Mix 4 treatment under drought stress. It suggested that a combination of AMF species can better promote the growth and yield of <em>Lallemantia</em> species during drought stress by preserving the plants' physiological functions than single arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in wild soybean (Glycine soja) through multi-omics-based alternative splicing predictions","authors":"Taekyeom Kim ,&nbsp;Heeyoun Hwang ,&nbsp;Geul Bang ,&nbsp;Jungmin Ha ,&nbsp;Yong-Jin Park ,&nbsp;Jae Yoon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The absence of adequate moisture resulting from drought poses a significant threat to both the viability and productivity of soybean cultivation. Genetic variation in common soybeans has been noticeably reduced through continuous breeding, and wild relatives with wider genetic diversity are one of the best tools in the search for new tolerance genes. In this study, we selected 139 genes co-expressed at transcript and protein levels in response to drought in <em>Glycine soja</em> through a multi-omics analysis. Drought stress induced co-expression of transcripts and proteins involved in dopamine synthesis within tyrosine metabolism. Polyphenol oxidase, involved in the dopamine synthesis process, was uniquely identified in both DEGs and DEPs, with its protein abundance increased. Co-expression of 9-lipoxygenase during linoleic acid metabolism was confirmed, along with consistent protein accumulation. The co-expression profiling of transcripts and proteins suggests that they may influence their regulatory feedback loops or unknown regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, we predicted the regulation of alternative splicing (AS) in response to drought. AS was predicted for 139 co-expressed genes, and four drought-tolerance-related gene candidate groups were selected. The expression levels of four genes, <em>FT1</em>, <em>CCR1L</em>, <em>RPL18</em>, and <em>uncharacterized LOC114422617</em>, varied depending on their transcript isoforms under drought stress. The occurrence of AS under drought stress may play a role in eliminating susceptibility genes or inducing tolerance genes to adapt to drought stress. Overall, this study reveals a novel mechanism of drought adaptation in wild soybean by predicting the regulation of metabolic pathways and AS events at the transcriptome and proteome levels and presents potential targets for soybean breeding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847224002302/pdfft?md5=01e7d9472df16571a5bc813c8d11d4c4&pid=1-s2.0-S0098847224002302-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species interactions and bacterial inoculation enhance plant growth and shape rhizosphere bacterial community structure in faba bean – wheat intercropping under water and P limitations","authors":"Bouchra Benmrid ,&nbsp;Adnane Bargaz ,&nbsp;Hicham Oukfi ,&nbsp;Ammar Ibnyasser ,&nbsp;Rym Saidi ,&nbsp;Meryem Haddine ,&nbsp;Imane Chamkhi ,&nbsp;Said Cheto ,&nbsp;Giuliano Bonanomi ,&nbsp;Mohamed idbella ,&nbsp;Cherki Ghoulam","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Grain legumes / cereals intercropping systems with microbial inoculants, hold promise for improving crop productivity under stressful conditions. However, the tripartite interaction involving intercropping system, associated microbiota and stress combining water deficit and low phosphorus (P) availability remains understudied. This study evaluated the impact of three bacterial consortia (C₄, C₆, and C_ref containing Rhizobium and PSB strains) including single Rhizobium (<em>Rhizobium laguerreae</em>) on the agro-physiological performance of wheat (<em>Triticum durum</em>) and faba bean (<em>Vicia faba</em>) grown as intercrops or sole-crops under P and water deficient conditions. Inoculation, especially with C₆, significantly improved shoot and root biomasses of both wheat (up to 66 and 81 %) and faba bean (up to 54 and 266 %) intercrops compared to single <em>Rhizobium</em> inoculation and control treatments. Intercropping generally outperformed sole-cropping in above-ground physiology, root morphological traits, shoot and root P content, with a notable effect in response to C₆ exhibiting low microbial biomass P. Changes in bacterial community structure were primarily driven by cropping pattern and water regime rather than bacterial inoculation. Intercropping maintained bacterial diversity but shifted community structure, favoring Proteobacteria. Overall, inoculating intercropped wheat and faba bean with <em>Rhizobium</em>-containing consortia induced beneficial below-ground interspecies interactions under water and P-limiting conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eliciting the aboveground physiological regulation that underlies salinity tolerance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)","authors":"Ehsan Tavakkoli,&nbsp;Stephanie J. Watts-Williams,&nbsp;Pichu Rengasamy,&nbsp;Glenn K. McDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Salinity is a prevalent soil issue that reduces crop growth by a combination of osmotic stress and ion-specific toxicity. The crop response to salt stress is generally described in terms of a two phase model in which growth is initially reduced by osmotic stress and then Na⁺ toxicity. However, the relative importance of these mechanisms to salt stress is still not well understood. In this study a high-resolution image capture and analysis system was used to monitor shoot growth of faba bean plants non-destructively, while gas exchange measurements were used to examine the effects on photosynthesis in order to gain an understanding of the aforementioned stress mechanisms. The results of this soil-based study suggested that responses of crop growth to salinity stress depend on its severity: osmotic stress was the predominant cause of reduced growth at high levels of salinity, while specific-ion toxicity was more important under mild stress. We showed that the tolerant faba bean variety used dual mechanisms of ion exclusion and osmotic tolerance compared with the sensitive variety. Analysis of photosynthetic responses indicated that the extent to which stomatal closure affects photosynthetic capacity is indicated by the magnitude of the reduction in intercellular CO₂ concentration<em>.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847224002077/pdfft?md5=4bb8818077887b78bfd38249067a1488&pid=1-s2.0-S0098847224002077-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and analysis of the HD-Zip transcription factors in perennial ryegrass highlight LpHOX22 and LpHOX24 as negative regulators of osmotic and heat stresses","authors":"Di Yang ,&nbsp;Zhewei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengfu Fang ,&nbsp;Weiliang Wang ,&nbsp;Simin Wu ,&nbsp;Tianxiao Sun ,&nbsp;Yanping Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Xiang ,&nbsp;Hong Luo ,&nbsp;Zhulong Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors are involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, we have identified a total of 52 HD-Zip genes from the released genome of perennial ryegrass (<em>Lolium perenne</em>), a cool-season turfgrass and forage species, which is relatively sensitive to heat and drought stresses. These <em>HD-Zip</em> genes are classified into classes I-IV, of which, 49 are evenly distributed on all seven chromosomes of perennial ryegrass whereas other 3 are on scaffolds. <em>Cis</em>-elements analysis showed that phytohormone, light signaling, and stress responsive elements are abundant in the promoter region of the <em>HD-Zip</em> genes. Expression analysis indicated that <em>LpHOX24</em> and its paralog <em>LpHOX22</em> were significantly induced by heat stress treatment. Ectopic overexpressing (OE) of <em>LpHOX22</em> and <em>LpHOX24</em> in Arabidopsis compromised plant osmotic stress tolerance as evidenced by declined survival rate with elevated electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Expression levels of several osmotic responsive genes were downregulated in OE lines. Additionally, heat stress tolerance was impaired in <em>LpHOX22</em> and <em>LpHOX24</em> overexpression transformants, along with increased EL and MDA content. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of <em>LpHOX22</em> and <em>LpHOX24</em> repressed the expressions of <em>AtHSFAs</em> and <em>AtDREB2A</em> when compared to wild type after heat stress treatment. In summary, <em>LpHOX22</em> and <em>LpHOX24</em> potentially functioned as negative regulators in perennial ryegrass in response to osmotic and heat stresses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgenic poplar with the Zygophyllum xanthoxylon zinc finger protein transcription factor ZxZF gene shows improved drought resistance by regulating hormone signal","authors":"Tongtong Yao ,&nbsp;Hongjiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Weixi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Kexin Wang ,&nbsp;Dongxue Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Nan Sun ,&nbsp;Tanhang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenxu Zhu ,&nbsp;Changjun Ding ,&nbsp;Huihui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drought stress has emerged as a primary factor constraining the growth, development, and yield of plants. The synthesis and signal transduction pathways of plant hormones play key roles in physiological adaptation to drought stress. The drought-resistance-associated C2H2 zinc finger protein transcription factor gene (<em>ZxZF</em>), which we previously identified, was transformed into Bofeng No. 1 poplar (<em>Populus × euramericana</em> c1<em>.</em> ‘Bofeng1’). This study evaluated the mechanism of drought resistance improvement from the perspective of gene interaction networks between transcription factors and genes that regulate plant hormone signals. Transcriptome analysis shows that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between before and after drought and between wild-type (WT) and <em>ZxZF</em>-overexpression (OE) lines was significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction pathways in the KEGG pathway. Quantitative analysis of hormone content and expression of genes related to synthesis and signal transduction showed that abscisic acid (ABA) content and proline content in OE lines increased significantly after drought stress, which could not only enhance water retention ability of plants, but also avoid excessive amplification of ABA signals. Drought stress also increases the jasmonic acid (JA) content in OE lines, and JA can increase the content of antioxidant enzymes in OE lines through downstream signal transduction pathways, thus further eliminating ROS in plant leaves. In addition, as growth hormones, IAA and GA could be associated with ABA and JA through various downstream signal transduction pathways, and the interaction between hormones and hormone signal transduction pathways could jointly improve the drought resistance of <em>ZxZF</em>-OE lines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LED streetlamps alter tree architecture, downregulate the photosynthetic process and alter the sugar metabolism of Populus alba L.","authors":"Ermes Lo Piccolo ,&nbsp;Sara Torre ,&nbsp;Giulia Lauria ,&nbsp;Concetta De Quattro ,&nbsp;Federico Sebastiani ,&nbsp;Lucia Guidi ,&nbsp;Damiano Remorini ,&nbsp;Rossano Massai ,&nbsp;Marco Landi","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The escalating issue of light pollution in urban environments poses multifaceted challenges, affecting not only the nocturnal sky but also exerting intricate influences on plant physiology. This study delves into the physiological responses of an urban ornamental tree, <em>Populus alba</em> L. clone DI-1, to varying intensities of streetlamp LED night lighting (NL), a shift from traditional High-Pressure Sodium lamps. The investigation “sheds light” on the molecular pathways underlying observed physiological regulations, aiming to offer a comprehensive understanding of the manifold effects of NL on this tree species. NL altered tree architecture, i.e. increased branch length and diameters, underscoring the dynamic response of trees to nocturnal artificial lighting conditions. Regarding tree physiology, the NL-triggered net CO₂ assimilation (P_n) during the night resulted in limitations in stomatal conductance during daylight hours. This led to a reduction in P_n, particularly during dawn, hindering the quantum yield for the reduction of end acceptors of PSI. Changes in chlorophyll a-to-b proportion and overall concentration, electron transport chain, and gene expression further highlight the intricate interplay between NL and plant metabolic regulation. Notably, the increased gene expression of sugar transporters in both NL trees suggested a responsive shift in sugar and starch metabolism. This was reflected in the absence of a starch accumulation during daylight hours in NL leaves. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to urban lighting, considering its profound impact on photosynthesizing citizens. These findings highlight the pressing need for the development of innovative lighting spectra with reduced impact on plant physio-chemistry while ensuring visibility for citizen safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847224002193/pdfft?md5=2aab87262aa437059a2762b0b45b7cdf&pid=1-s2.0-S0098847224002193-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The regulation of photosynthesis and growth of rapeseed seedling by the interaction of red and yellow lights with blue light","authors":"Ke Zhang ,&nbsp;Yixuan Wen ,&nbsp;Jiangqu Tang ,&nbsp;Yibeibei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinxin Peng ,&nbsp;Yiwei Ji ,&nbsp;Jin Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interactive regulation among different lights on plant life-activities has not yet been fully understood. In the study, we investigated the interaction of red light (R) and yellow light (Y) with blue light (B) on growth and photosynthesis of rapeseed seedlings. The results showed Y and R as well as their combination of RY were not beneficial for plant photosynthesis and growth, but a quarter addition of B (RB, YB and RBY) obviously reversed these negative effects, improving stomatal behavior, leaf and root developments, photosynthetic traits, as well as synthesis and transport of photosynthetic products. Available light energy and B intervention together decreased the ratio of chlorophyll b (Chl b) to carotenoid (Car), while the opposite effect was observed in the absence of B treatments. Among the various lights, RY and Y significantly upregulated the majority of genes associated with chlorophyll metabolism, while RB predominantly upregulated genes related to the two photosystems (PS). Conversely, B and YB treatments generally suppressed the expression of these genes. Despite these differences in gene expression, the ratios of PSI/PSII to Chl b/Car were consistently maintained around 0.56 in the RB, YB, and RBY treatments. In contrast, this ratio was higher at 0.64 in the B treatment and lower, at less than 0.44, in the R, Y, and RY treatments. These ratios reflect the balance between light supply and utilization in plants under different lights, where plants under RB, YB, and RBY might achieve optimal light environments, while plants under B and under R, Y, and RY experienced high and low light stress, respectively. In conclusion, all combinations of B with R, Y or RY can be used for rapeseed cultivation, and the ratio of Chl b/Car to PSI/PSII might be an important reference index to select optimal light combinations for crop production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium content, metabolite profile, biological properties of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk plant exposed to elevated cadmium in soil","authors":"Akanksha Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Alakh Narayan Singh ,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar ,&nbsp;Gopal Nath ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cadmium (Cd), a highly mobile and hazardous toxic heavy metal negatively affects plant’s yield by regulating synthesis of biomolecules, involved in both physiological and biochemical activities. The present study investigated the Cd content, metabolite profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic leaf extracts (MLEs) of <em>Eclipta alba</em> L., plant exposed to elevated soil Cd (eCdS). The tested plants were grown in earthen pot and were weekly treated with Cd as CdCl₂. H₂0 (20 mg/L) till 70 days after the plant transplantation. The results showed that eCdS significantly elevated Cd content in root and shoot tissue of <em>E. alba</em> plant (91 % and 94 %, respectively) as compared to the control. UHPLC-HRMS profile of MLEs revealed a significant decrease in the amino acids and its derivatives with an increased level of phenolic contents, fatty acids, and lipids. Metabolites in MLEs were also upregulated and downregulated (31 and 98, respectively) by an eCdS. An eCdS further increased both total phenolics and total flavonoids content in MLEs of <em>E. alba</em> by 71 % and 31 %, respectively over the control. <em>In-vitro</em> antioxidant activities in MLEs were also found to be significantly increased due to eCdS as DPPH &gt; ABTS &gt; FRAP (30 %, 26 % and 21 %, respectively) as compared to the control. Cd treated plant’s MLEs also revealed maximum reduction in an inhibition zone of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (ATCC 27853), among the tested bacterial strains. The present study concludes that eCdS led to the significant changes in the metabolite profile, phenolics content and biological activities of <em>E. alba’s</em> MLEs suggesting its ameliorating role in improving the medicinal value of <em>E. alba</em> plant. However, direct consumption of raw material of <em>E. alba</em> plant is not recommended due to high accumulation of Cd in its different parts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric NO2 enhances tolerance to low temperature by promoting nitrogen and carbon metabolism in tobacco","authors":"Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Jiechen Wang ,&nbsp;Zebin Li ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Song ,&nbsp;Yanjie Liu ,&nbsp;Yongzheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With abnormal global climate change and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, low-temperature stress poses an increasingly serious threat to the diversity of plants. Low temperatures accompanied by limitations in nitrogen cause a series of morphological, physiological, and molecular changes in plants. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a gas that is considered to be a toxic air pollutant. However, NO₂ in the atmosphere can be absorbed by plants and participate in nitrogen metabolism. In this study, tobacco (<em>Nicotiana tabacum</em> L.) seedlings were fumigated with a concentration of 4 µL·L⁻¹ NO₂ at 4 ℃ for 10 days. NO₂ promoted the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) pathway in the leaves at low temperatures, which transforms more organic nitrogen that can be directly utilized by the plants, and improves the skeleton for carbon metabolism. Moreover, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was generated through the ornithine and glutamate pathways, and the biosynthesis of proline was also enhanced after treatment with NO₂. Together, these compounds regulate the osmotic balance of tobacco leaf cells under low-temperature stress. NO₂ activated the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle in the leaves under low-temperature stress, and this antioxidant enzyme system synergistically removed the intracellular free radicals that result from reactive oxygen species. Additionally, NO₂ significantly increased the content of nitric oxide (NO) in the leaves under low-temperature stress and enhanced the opening of stomata, thus, improving photosynthesis in the leaves. The biosynthesis of chlorophyll in the leaves was inhibited by low-temperature stress, but NO₂ promotes the biosynthesis of chlorophyll directly or through the nitric acid signaling pathway and improves the ability of plants to capture light energy. NO₂ also alleviates the photoinhibition induced by cold stress by regulating photosynthetic electron transfer and absorbing more energy for the assimilation of photosynthetic carbon. This improves the photochemical efficiency of tobacco leaves. In conclusion, NO₂ enhanced the tolerance of tobacco seedlings to low temperature by regulating nitrogen metabolism, the osmotic balance, antioxidant system, and photosynthesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141424030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}