Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Priming for drought resistance: UV-C flashes triggered pipecolate accumulation and dehydration avoidance in Capsicum chinense Jacq. but induced no growth or metabolic costs","authors":"Coline Pons ,&nbsp;Lindsay Mas-Normand ,&nbsp;Olivier Chevallier ,&nbsp;Jawad Aarrouf ,&nbsp;Laurent Urban ,&nbsp;Raphaël Lugan","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been increasingly studied as an elicitor of plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress. The biological responses to these stimuli can be either beneficial or detrimental and are not yet fully understood. We treated chili pepper plants with UV-C flashes (1 kJ·m⁻², 2 s, 254 nm) three times for 1 week before imposing progressive drought stress for 2 weeks. In the absence of drought, plants treated with UV-C showed identical height, leaf number, water content, and stomatal conductance to those of the control plants. Analysis of leaf metabolic fingerprints covering large portions of central and secondary metabolism also revealed a limited effect of UV-C treatment on the metabolome, including the accumulation of pipecolate. In contrast, when subjected to drought, plants treated with UV-C exhibited enhanced water retention in leaves and significant changes in the metabolome. Further investigation of metabolic responses revealed that variations in major water stress markers were significantly mitigated by UV-C pretreatment. Overall, the results suggest that UV-C treatments induce priming based on the activation of systemic defense effectors and the absence of harmful symptoms, resulting in partial but significant avoidance of dehydration and reduced drought-related metabolic consequences. This paves the way for agricultural applications to concurrently manage multiple stresses and to study the specific mechanisms at work in UV-C-primed plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847224002314/pdfft?md5=27a9a095d7315bb7b97c9d83e36abcaf&pid=1-s2.0-S0098847224002314-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt stress alters root meristem definition, vascular differentiation and metabolome in Sorghum bicolor (L.) genotypes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Knowledge on salt tolerance requires further investigation, particularly in plants of agro-food interest. Sorghum is a potentially useful plant because it is a emerging food species that combines high levels of salt tolerance with interesting nutritional characteristics. In sorghum different genotypes respond differently to saline stress and the early events characterizing the salt stress tolerance are not yet fully understood. Moreover, the number of salt resistant genotypes needs to be extended. The genotypes Bianca and Tonkawa are two possible candidates for extending sorghum cultivation to soils characterized by high levels of salinity. The root is the first organ that responds to soil conditions, especially during the initial stages of plant developmental. The research aim was to analyse the root system responses to salt stress (NaCl) of Bianca and Tonkawa genotypes to identify the morpho-functional and metabolic changes that occur during the initial stages of the root system development and to use them as discriminating parameters for assessing the different plant’s susceptibility to the salt. The results showed that salt stress negatively affected many morphological and cyto-histological root parameters, from seed germination to root system establishment. The salt altered the root meristem organization and quiescent centre (QC) definition, but similarly in both genotypes. By contrast, it reduced primary root (PR) length and induced a more extended oxidative stress in the adventitious roots (ARs) and lateral root primordia (LRPs) of Tonkawa in comparison with Bianca. The stele area and the number of protoxylem and phloem elements in the ARs were more reduced in 150 mM NaCl-treated Tonkawa seedlings in comparison with those of Bianca. Moreover, the salt enhanced lignin deposition in protoxylem, early metaxylem and endodermis and changed the root metabolic profiles significantly increasing the levels of leucine, isoleucine, alanine, proline, trigonelline, allantoin and glutamine in Bianca compared to Tonkawa. Altogether, specific morpho-anatomical and metabolic differences between the genotypes were identified as discriminating markers of genotype salt susceptibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009884722400234X/pdfft?md5=89b39d667b4718304503ac3efb8abff5&pid=1-s2.0-S009884722400234X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus (P) and Zinc (Zn) nutrition constraints: A perspective of linking soil application with plant regulations","authors":"Faisal Nadeem ,&nbsp;Sundas Abbas ,&nbsp;Faiza Waseem ,&nbsp;Najeeb Ali ,&nbsp;Rashid Mahmood ,&nbsp;Sadia Bibi ,&nbsp;Lifang Deng ,&nbsp;Ruifeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yanting Zhong ,&nbsp;Xuexian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant nutrients availability in soils has always been a factor determining crop growth and development. The availability of plant nutrients becomes limited either due to the indigenous low fertility status of soils or the nature of parent material along with the antagonistic chemical interactions. Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient, while zinc (Zn) is a vital micronutrient for crop growth and development in any agricultural production system. However, their co-existence remains a challenge in acidic as well as alkaline calcareous soils, worldwide. For instance, P precipitates as calcium phosphate (Ca₃(PO₄)₂) in calcareous soils at high pH, whereas the precipitation of both P and Zn occurs as zinc phosphate (Zn₃(PO₄)₂) in both alkaline calcareous soils (submerged conditions) and acidic soils owing to low pH conditions. This scenario renders limitations of both these essential nutrients in most of the agricultural soils. Various strategies like integrated nutrient management (INM), enhanced soil organic matter (SOM) incorporation and increased chemical fertilizer applications have been implied to make P and Zn available for crop uptake. Chemical (Inorganic) fertilizer application ensures P and Zn availability during the critical growth stages of plants; however, it results more in fixation rather than their availability. Thus, there is a need to consider the overall P and Zn dynamics in the soil and plant system by exploring their availability, transformation and utilization through soil, rhizosphere and plant processes. In this review, we will discuss the progress in P and Zn transporters/regulators in plants with a potential perspective of their linkage with the practices of P and Zn soil application rates to cope their coexistence constraints in agricultural soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of nitrogen regulates the ionic homeostasis, potassium efficiency, and proline content to improve the growth, yield, and quality of maize under salinity stress","authors":"Syed Ayyaz Javed ,&nbsp;Muhammad Tauseef Jaffar ,&nbsp;Sher Muhammad Shahzad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf ,&nbsp;Muhammad Awais Piracha ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mukhtar ,&nbsp;Shafeeq Ur Rahman ,&nbsp;Hesham S. Almoallim ,&nbsp;Mohammad Javed Ansari ,&nbsp;Jianguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Salinity has become a global problem for sustainable agriculture and poses a major threat to food security and crop productivity. Adequate nitrogen (N) application is considered an important and economical means to address the issue of salinity stress by alleviating its adverse effects on plant growth. For this, a pot study was performed to investigate the interactive effects of different levels of N and salinity on the morphological, biochemical, yield and quality attributes of maize. For this purpose, seven different levels of N were applied: 0 (control), 160, 186, 240, 267, 293 and 320 kg N ha⁻¹. These treatments were tested both under non-salinized conditions and in the presence of 10 dS m⁻¹ NaCl-induced salinity. The results showed that all parameters improved during the growth period of the maize plantwhen the N dose was increased upto the N5 (293 kg N ha⁻¹) and then followed a reduction trend at the N6 (320 kg N ha⁻¹), which could be due to the late plant maturity. It was also found that Na: K ratio and proline content decreased with increasing N level increased. This could be due to the antagonism of sodium ions (Na⁺) with the ammonium (NH₄⁺) form of N, resulting in improved total K uptake (TKUP), K harvest index (KHI), potassium yield efficiency (KYE), potassium use efficiency (KUE) and physiological K use efficiency (PKUE). Similarly, the increased N concentration also increased the protein, oil and starch content. Overall, optimizing N supply, especially at the N5 level, contributed significantly to improving maize plant adaptability to salt stress via regulating the K and proline content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the coordinated hydraulic plasticity across organs in soybean plants exposed to drought cycles","authors":"RDFB Alves ,&nbsp;PE Menezes-Silva ,&nbsp;L. Loram-Lourenço ,&nbsp;IMPG Abreu ,&nbsp;KM Alencar ,&nbsp;LF Sousa ,&nbsp;SES Almeida ,&nbsp;MA Aun ,&nbsp;MLF Silva ,&nbsp;SC Vasconcelos-Filho ,&nbsp;FG Silva ,&nbsp;JF Sales ,&nbsp;FS Farnese","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coordination of hydraulic function among different organs and their plasticity under stressful conditions are crucial for understanding drought tolerance in crops but remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the hydraulic plasticity in soybean organs exposed to one or two droughts and correlated this plasticity with recovery after rewatering. Repeated drought events resulted in different levels of dehydration in soybean leaves since plants exposed to two droughts (D2 plants) maintained higher water potential than plants exposed to a single drought (D1 plants). The difference in leaf water potential reflected the different drought acclimation strategies in D1 and D2 plants. D1 plants increased root hydraulic conductance, a change that can occur rapidly due to molecular modifications. The first drought also acted as an environmental cue, triggering changes that continued to develop over time (anatomical changes) and which increased water transport in the stem of D2 plants, reducing the drought impact in these organs and maintaining the water transport to the leaves. Leaves of D1 and D2 plants, in turn, reduced vulnerability to embolism, avoiding losses in rehydration capacity and helping to maintain the hydraulic functions essential for the rapid recovery of photosynthesis after rewatering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auronidin flavonoid pigments are a central component of the response of Marchantia polymorpha to carbon/nitrogen imbalance","authors":"Yanfei Zhou ,&nbsp;Nick W. Albert ,&nbsp;Rebecca M. Yorker ,&nbsp;Rubina Jibran ,&nbsp;David A. Brummell ,&nbsp;John L. Bowman ,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Tate ,&nbsp;Kevin M. Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergence of land plants around 450 million years ago transformed the terrestrial environment. The transition of plants to land required adaptations to a host of abiotic environmental challenges, such as drought, UV-B light, temperature fluctuations, and nutrient deficiency. Key for coping with these stresses was the evolution of specialist metabolite pathways. Of particular note for stress tolerance functions are the flavonoids, which are thought to have arisen with land plants. Recently, a new group of red flavonoid compounds named auronidins were identified in the liverwort model species <em>Marchantia polymorpha</em> (hereafter, Marchantia). The functions of auronidin in abiotic stress resistance are uncharacterised. To address this, we generated near-isogenic lines of Marchantia with either greatly increased or no auronidin production, by overexpression (<em>35 S</em>:Mp<em>MYB14</em>) or CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (Mp<em>myb14</em>), respectively, of Mp<em>MYB14</em>, the key R2R3MYB transcription factor regulating auronidin biosynthesis. Among a range of abiotic stresses tested, auronidin production was specifically induced by carbon/nitrogen (C/N) imbalance and by light stress. The presence of auronidin was associated with delayed plant senescence, enhanced photo-protection, and improved plant survival rates under C/N imbalance stress. Generation and analysis of loss-of-function and over-expression Marchantia lines for the homologue to the angiosperm <em>BT2</em> gene, which induces flavonoid production in response to C/N balance in Arabidopsis, showed that the Mp<em>BT</em> gene is not involved in C/N signalling. Thus, the function of BT2 in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis may have arisen through neofunctionalisation during angiosperm evolution. Our study furthers understanding of the function of auronidins in enhancing plant abiotic stress tolerance, revealing that they improve Marchantia tolerance to nutrient imbalance, potentially by serving as a carbon sink.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manganese toxicity elicits the degradation of auxin transport carriers to restrain arabidopsis root growth","authors":"Lin Tao ,&nbsp;Hu Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Luo ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Yanqi Ru ,&nbsp;Junhuan Lv ,&nbsp;Wenyi Pan ,&nbsp;Yalin Li ,&nbsp;Xuewen Li ,&nbsp;Yinglong Chen ,&nbsp;Jan Jasik ,&nbsp;František Baluška ,&nbsp;Sergey Shabala ,&nbsp;Xin Huang ,&nbsp;Lei Shi ,&nbsp;Min Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Manganese (Mn) is an essential microelement for plant growth but can be toxic when in excessive. Mn toxicity-inhibited root growth possible involves in auxin biosynthesis and transport in plants, but the mechanism remains elusive. Our results have suggested that Mn-inhibited root growth was possible associated with a reduced auxin levels in roots, as shown in experiments with (1) transgenic <em>DII-VENUS</em> and <em>DR5rev::GFP</em>; (2) the application of L-kynurenine (an inhibitor of <em>TAA1</em> activity), 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) to manipulate auxin levels; (3) using <em>taa1</em> (defection in auxin biosynthesis) mutants; and (4) determining IAA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Those results were explained via down-regulated transcriptional levels of auxin biosynthesis-related genes in plants, and reduced abundance of PM-localized auxin transport carriers in roots. Combination of auxin transport-related transgenic <em>pPINs-GFP</em> or <em>pAUX1::AUX1-YFP</em> lines and a real-time <em>in vitro</em> observation of PM-localized PIN2/3/4 carriers using transgenic <em>Dendra2</em> lines have revealed that excessive Mn induced degradation of these proteins, which might involve in Mn toxicity-elicited up-regulation of partially ubiquitin-, clathrin-meidiated endocytosis (CME)-, and endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-related genes. Overall, our results suggest that Mn toxicity reduces auxin level in the root apex possible via down-regulation of auxin biosynthesis-related genes and post-translational stimulation of the degradation of auxin transport proteins, leading to root growth inhibition caused by Mn toxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The defensin protein NtCAL1 functions as a positive factor in plant cadmium accumulation and resistance in tobacco","authors":"Weihuan Jin ,&nbsp;Haoyang Wang ,&nbsp;Qiong Liu ,&nbsp;Zhaolong Deng ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Xu ,&nbsp;Haohao Hao ,&nbsp;Shengjiang Wu ,&nbsp;Yong Shi ,&nbsp;Hongxiang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cadmium (Cd) poses a threat to food safety and human health. Plant defensins are small peptides that involved in Cd metabolism. however, the function of tobacco phyto-defensin protein NtCAL1 in Cd metabolism remains poorly understood. Here we identified the effects of NtCAL1 from tobacco on Cd metabolism. We provide evidence that NtCAL1 is located in the cell wall and varied expressed in organs of developmental stages. The overexpression of NtCAL1 has been demonstrated to enhance the content of AsA and antioxidant enzyme (CAT and APX) activities, as well as to positively regulate the expression of NtRAMP3, NtHMAα and NtHMAβ. The NtCAL1 was identified as a positive regulator of cadmium (Cd) translocation from the root to the shoot. Furthermore, the accumulation of Cd was inhibited by Cd foliar inhibitors. In conclusion, we propose that NtCAL1 acts synergistically with other proteins involved in Cd uptake and transport, thereby enhancing Cd tolerance through the upregulation of antioxidant substances and the activation of antioxidant enzymes.The <em>NtCAL1</em> provides a significant potential tool for the development of low-Cd tobacco, while remediation of Cd contaminated field soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GA3 and BAP phytohormone seed priming enhances germination and PEG induced drought stress tolerance in soybean by triggering the expression of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes and related genes at the early seedling growth stages","authors":"Siddhant Gahininath Jaybhaye ,&nbsp;Abhijit Subhash Deshmukh ,&nbsp;Rahul Lahu Chavhan ,&nbsp;Vikas Yadav Patade ,&nbsp;Vidya Ramesh Hinge","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drought stress strongly affects seed germination and seedling development during the early stages of plant growth in soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> L.). Seed priming with phytohormone (PH) is known to regulate various physiological and biochemical processes that govern plant growth and yield under optimal and stress conditions. In the present study, the effects of seed priming with Gibberellic acid (GA₃) (0.28 mM)_, 6-Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) (20 mM) and Methyl Jasmonate (MJ) (2.5 mM) was studied during germination and at early seedling growth stages in JS-335 (drought sensitive) and MAUS-71 (moderately drought tolerant) soybean varieties under PFG induced drought stress conditions. The seed priming effects were studied in terms of germination percentage and rate (Timson Index), accumulation of osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine), antioxidant enzymes activity <em>(superoxide dismutase</em> (SOD), <em>ascorbate peroxidase</em> (APX) and <em>catalase</em> (CAT)), and the relative expression of genes <em>viz., Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase copper chaperone (SOD-CCS)</em> , <em>iron-superoxide dismutase (SODB2)</em> , <em>betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH2)</em> and <em>dehydration-responsive element binding protein (DREB2A).</em> The germination percentage of non-primed soybean seeds decreased under drought stress but significantly increased upon GA₃ and BAP priming. Interestingly, seed priming with MJ completely inhibited the germination in both the varieties. GA₃ and BAP seed priming increased proline and glycine betaine accumulation under PEG induced drought stress in both the soybean varieties. The results showed that the activities of <em>SOD</em>, <em>APX</em> and <em>CAT</em> were significantly enhanced in the leaves of seedlings raised from GA₃ and BAP-primed seeds, as compared to the non-primed seeds under the drought stress conditions. Isozyme profiling of SOD and APX revealed that the GA₃ and BAP seed priming treatments enhanced the drought-inducible expression of SOD isozymes rather than inducing novel isoforms. In case of APX isozymes, GA₃ seed priming appears to preserve APX isozyme diversity in both varieties, and BAP seed priming elevated the expression of APX isoforms in both soybean varieties under the drought conditions. In response to the drought stress, relative expression of the genes associated with superoxide dismutase and glycine betaine <em>viz</em>., <em>SOD CCS, SODB2</em>, <em>BADH2</em> and <em>DREB2A</em> was markedly upregulated in the leaves of seedlings raised from the GA₃ and BAP primed seeds in both the soybean varieties. The global correlation analysis designated that the osmolyte Proline, antioxidant enzyme APX and CAT, and <em>SOD CCS, SODB2, BADH2</em> and <em>DREB2A</em> genes were potent regulator for drought stress tolerance mechanism in soybean. This study illuminates the intricate interplay of GA₃ ","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the rhizosphere to plant fitness: Implications of microplastics soil pollution","authors":"Maria Antonietta Ranauda,&nbsp;Maria Tartaglia,&nbsp;Daniela Zuzolo,&nbsp;Antonello Prigioniero,&nbsp;Maria Maisto,&nbsp;Emanuele Fosso,&nbsp;Rosaria Sciarrillo,&nbsp;Carmine Guarino","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs) are a widespread contaminant in the terrestrial environment, with potential impacts on the soil-plant system not yet well understood. This study explores the effects of oxidised low-density polyethylene-MPs (LDPE-MPs) on the rhizosphere ecology and plant fitness of <em>Fragaria x ananassa</em> (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier. The rhizospheric microbial community was investigated under the influence of 0,5 % LDPE-MPs by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16 S rRNA metagenomic analysis; photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and nutrient accumulation were assessed to evaluate plant physiological and biochemical status. Genes related to jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene biosynthesis, and nitrate signalling pathways were analysed to define the plant molecular response. Our results showed a shift in the rhizosphere microbial community. We identified MPs molecular biomarkers in the contaminated rhizosphere (<em>Fusarium, Thanatephorus</em> and <em>Pseudallescheria</em>) with potential pathogenic functions and two novel molecular biomarkers (<em>Ohtaekwangia</em> and <em>Ascobolus</em>). MPs pollution negatively impacts plant fitness, which showed decreased chlorophyll a and b (40 and 48 %, respectively), a change in nutrient content (fluctuations between 14,42 and 26,7 %) at the leaf level and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Gene expression related to JA, ethylene biosynthesis, and nitrogen signalling pathways is enhanced in plants grown in contaminated soil, as well as the root endophytic and epiphytic microorganism interactions. Our results demonstrate that MPs pollution influences the rhizosphere microbial community and functions, and consequently, negatively impacts plant health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847224002326/pdfft?md5=985fa229970b79aa2119ac74636a1eee&pid=1-s2.0-S0098847224002326-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}