Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Unexpected hydraulic lift occurs in different tree species in mountainous areas of Beijing","authors":"Xiangrong Lv ,&nbsp;Guodong Jia ,&nbsp;Yanhui Wang ,&nbsp;Yujie Hu ,&nbsp;Zhenxia Ji ,&nbsp;Li Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vertical soil moisture heterogeneity in the rhizosphere affects the way vegetation absorbs water, resulting in hydraulic lift (HL). However, quantifying and resolving HL is difficult due to the unpredictability of subsurface components and complex plant-soil interactions. In this study, we investigated the HL occurrence in tree species (<em>Acer truncatum</em> Bunge and <em>Pinus tabuliformis</em> Carrière) in the mountainous areas of Beijing by pot experiments through the addition of heavy water (²H₂O) to create a soil moisture gradient. The results indicated that soil moisture differences (0.107–0.204 cm³ cm⁻³ for <em>A. truncatum</em>, 0.048–0.145 cm³ cm⁻³ for <em>P. tabuliformis</em>, respectively) led to a significant occurrence of HL in both broadleaf (<em>A. truncatum</em>) and conifer species (<em>P. tabuliformis</em>). The total HL was up to 4767 and 2735 cm³, with daily fluxes of 64–1,49 and 84–1133 cm³ d⁻¹ for <em>A. truncatum</em> and <em>P. tabuliformis</em>, respectively. The flux of HL in <em>P. tabuliformis</em> was lower and appeared later than that of <em>A. truncatum</em>. This is because <em>P. tabuliformis</em> will respond to drought by preferentially decreasing stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) compared to <em>A. truncatum</em>. As the Tr of <em>A. truncatum</em> and <em>P. tabuliformis</em> decreased, the probability of HL occurring increased, but the fluxes gradually declined. The occurrence of HL increased the likelihood of plant water uptake from deep soils, helping to alleviate drought stress in shallow soils. This study will help to understand the water acquisition and allocation strategies of plants under drought stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome and co-expression network reveals key genes associated with mesocotyl elongation in foxtail millet (Setaria italica)","authors":"Meiqiang Yin ,&nbsp;Mengyao An ,&nbsp;Yuxin Gao ,&nbsp;Jianjun Guo ,&nbsp;Chongyue Wang ,&nbsp;Yanjie Wen ,&nbsp;Mingjing Huang ,&nbsp;Juan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yinyuan Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106144","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mesocotyl elongation characteristics decisively influence the emergence rate and deep-sowing tolerance of gramineous crops. However, there is limited research on the mechanism of mesocotyl elongation in foxtail millet under deep sowing conditions. To address this research gap, 119 foxtail millet accessions were used to analyze genetic diversity. Moreover the long mesocotyl variety Qinhuang 2 (Q) and the short mesocotyl variety Dungu 1 (D) were screened for pot experiments under different deep-sowing conditions (6, 8, and 10 cm) to investigate the relationship between seedling emergence ability and mesocotyl elongation. Mesocotyl tissues at a 10 cm sowing depth for two to six days were subjected to transcriptome sequencing and determination of endogenous hormone content. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to analyze the transcriptional mechanism of mesocotyl elongation under deep-sowing conditions, highlighting the key genes influencing several plant characteristics. The mesocotyl lengths of 119 foxtail millet materials exhibited a normal distribution and were divided into five groups, with the length decreasing from Group 1 to Group 5. Under deep-sowing conditions, the emergence rate of the long-mesocotyl variety Q was much higher than that of the short-mesocotyl variety D. The results indicate that under deep-sowing conditions, mesocotyl elongation is the main driving force for pushing the plumule through the soil surface. The endogenous IAA and ACC contents were significantly higher in the long mesocotyl variety Q than in the short mesocotyl variety D. When 10 µmol/L of IAA and 200 mg/L of ethephon were applied, the mesocotyls of both varieties were elongated. In contrast, the ABA content was the opposite, and no significant difference was observed in GA&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, indicating that IAA and ETH play a key role in the elongation of the mesocotyl of foxtail millet. In the co-expression network analysis, four related genes were identified in each of the “brown” and “purple” modules that were positively correlated with mesocotyl elongation. The expression levels of auxin-responsive proteins (&lt;em&gt;IAA1&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;IAA17&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;SAUR36&lt;/em&gt;) and ethylene genes &lt;em&gt;EBF1&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;EIL3&lt;/em&gt; in Q were higher than those in D and increased with the elongation of the mesocotyl. Transcription factors &lt;em&gt;MYC2&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;TGAL6,&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;PIF4&lt;/em&gt; were involved in mesocotyl elongation. The “yellow” module was negatively correlated with mesocotyl elongation and contained transcription factors &lt;em&gt;ERF&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;WRKY,&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;TGA2&lt;/em&gt;. Notably, by analyzing the levels of endogenous hormones and phenotypes, the expression patterns of the hub genes &lt;em&gt;IAA17&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;IAA1&lt;/em&gt; have been found to be consistent with mesocotyl growth and show an overall upward trend. These findings provide insights into understanding the mechanism of mesocotyl elongation and highlight their potential application value in breeding foxtail millet to resist d","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the effects of Caulerpa metabolites on Posidonia oceanica apical and vertical shoots at physiological and molecular level","authors":"Daniela Oliva ,&nbsp;Amalia Piro ,&nbsp;Marianna Carbone ,&nbsp;Ernesto Mollo ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar ,&nbsp;Faustino Scarcelli ,&nbsp;Dante Matteo Nisticò ,&nbsp;Silvia Mazzuca","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive <em>Caulerpa species</em> produce bioactive metabolites that can disrupt seagrass physiology, yet their specific effects on different shoot types remain poorly understood. This study examines the physiological and molecular responses of <em>Posidonia oceanica</em> apical and vertical shoots to two major <em>Caulerp</em>a-derived metabolites: caulerpenyne (CYN) from <em>C. taxifolia</em> and caulerpin (CAU) from <em>C. cylindracea</em>. Exposure to 25 μM CYN led to a 90 % mortality in adult leaves of apical shoots and significantly inhibited juvenile leaf formation in vertical shoots, despite no effect on chlorophyll content. Conversely, 25 μM CAU stimulated juvenile leaf emergence but reduced adult leaf elongation by 93% and impaired chlorophyll content in both shoot types. Proteomic analysis revealed significant protein downregulation in CYN-exposed apical shoots, particularly those involved in photosynthesis, stress response, brassinosteroid signaling, and fatty acid metabolism. CYN also upregulated lactate dehydrogenase and glyoxalase while disrupting Ca²⁺/calmodulin signaling. CAU exposure led to a decrease in histone H4 but increased the abundance of protective proteins, including catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and Hsp70, mitigating oxidative damage. In vertical shoots, CYN enhanced fatty acid biosynthesis, lipoxygenase activity, phosphorylation pathways, and sulfur metabolism, while CAU suppressed methylation and increased histone H3. Apical shoots exhibited greater susceptibility to the phytotoxic effects of CYN than vertical shoots, while both showed great resilience to CAU. Given the critical role of apical shoots in clonal propagation, their heightened vulnerability to CYN may contribute to the decline of <em>P. oceanica</em> meadows in <em>C. taxifolia</em>-invaded regions. These findings reveal the molecular and physiological mechanisms of seagrass responses to invasive macroalgal toxins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of SnRK gene family and functional characterization of AcSnRK2.4 in response to heat stress in kiwifruit","authors":"Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Xueling Wen ,&nbsp;Zicheng Lv,&nbsp;Hongxu Chen,&nbsp;Dong Liang,&nbsp;Hui Xia,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) are pivotal in the plant’s response to biotic and abiotic stresses, primarily by triggering protein phosphorylation cascades. Despite their significance, there is a paucity of information regarding <em>SnRK</em> genes within the kiwifruit (<em>Actinidia chinensis</em>). In this study, 51 <em>AcSnRK</em> genes were identified from kiwifruit genome and distributed on 23 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all <em>AcSnRKs</em> were classified into 3 subfamilies. The gene structure, conserved motif, gene duplications and <em>cis-</em>acting element in the promoter were accomplished using TBtools-II software. The publicly available transcriptome datasets and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the majority of <em>AcSnRKs</em> were down-regulated by heat stress, with <em>AcSnRK2.4</em> demonstrating a particularly pronounced reduction in expression. In addition, we explored the biological function of <em>AcSnRKs2.4</em> using transient transformation methods. Overexpressed of <em>AcSnRKs2.4</em> showed higher SPAD, but lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, relative electrolyte leakage (EL) and ROS content compared with OE-EV lines under heat stress; while suppression of <em>AcSnRKs2.4</em> showed a opposite result. Furthermore, OE-<em>AcSnRK2.4</em> lines exhibited higher photosynthetic fluorescence parameters (except for Y(NO)), while these parameters were lower in pTRV-<em>AcSnRK2.4</em> plants. These findings suggest that AcSnRK2.4 positively regulates kiwifruit's response to heat stress. Our findings offer a new insight into the potential function of <em>AcSnRK2.4</em> in abiotic stresses and provide a theoretical groundwork for the molecular mechanisms underlying kiwifruit adaptation to such stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional lack of SLAC1 modifies guard cell metabolism without impacting photosynthesis under elevated [CO2] and moderated water restriction","authors":"Luana M. da Luz ,&nbsp;Luiz M.L. Valente ,&nbsp;David B. Medeiros ,&nbsp;William Batista-Silva ,&nbsp;Lucas C. da Costa ,&nbsp;Franciele S. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Samuel C.V. Martins ,&nbsp;Alisdair R. Fernie ,&nbsp;Adriano Nunes-Nesi ,&nbsp;Wagner L. Araújo","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding stomatal response to fluctuations in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO₂]) and water deficit is important to predict the overall plant performance under these two major environmental stressing factors. In <em>Arabidopsis</em>, slow-type anion channel (SLAC1) plays a central role in the control of stomatal closure with impacts on water use efficiency. Here we investigated whether the stomatal component also plays a central role in limiting photosynthesis in plants showing constitutive higher stomatal conductance (<em>g</em>_s), such as <em>slac1</em> mutants, under high CO₂ levels and water restriction. Under these conditions, <em>slac1</em> plants showed similar photosynthetic performance and growth when compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, our results suggest that the constitutive increased stomatal aperture in <em>slac1</em> plants is associated with a reorganization of primary metabolism in guard cells, in addition to the ion transport impairment, previously observed in <em>slac1</em> mutants. Altogether, our results indicate that higher <em>g</em>_s in <em>slac1</em> plants are not translated into enhanced photosynthetic performance and growth, independently of CO₂ levels and watering conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the nutrient flow environment promotes lettuce growth in hydroponics","authors":"Bateer Baiyin ,&nbsp;Yue Xiang ,&nbsp;Yang Shao ,&nbsp;Jung Eek Son ,&nbsp;Kotaro Tagawa ,&nbsp;Satoshi Yamada ,&nbsp;Mina Yamada ,&nbsp;Qichang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroponics is a plant growth system that uses liquid nutrient medium, but the effects of nutrient solution flow on root development are unexplored. Here, the comprehensive effects of nutrient flow on root morphology, antioxidant properties, and multi-omics characteristics of hydroponic lettuce were analyzed via root morphology, cell wall composition, oxidative stress indicators, and nutrient uptake at different nutrient flow and growth stages measurement. Under flow conditions, root length, surface area, and volume increased significantly, indicating that flow promoted root expansion and improved nutrient uptake. Cell wall components also increased, suggesting that flow may support root growth by strengthening the cell wall structure. Although oxidative damage indicators increased, the roots also exhibited high antioxidant enzyme activity, enhancing their response to oxidative stress induced by the flowing environment. Metabolomic analysis showed that flow activated cell division- and signal transduction-related pathways. Transcriptomics and proteomics showed the upregulation or downregulation of multiple genes and proteins related to root development and stress resistance, with significant enrichment in the lignin synthesis pathway. Nutrient solution flow, thus, promotes lettuce root growth and stress resistance through multilevel regulation, providing a theoretical basis for enhancing hydroponic crop growth environments, increasing yields, and improving vegetable crop quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron deficiency specifically activated anthocyanin accumulation in out pericarp of red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)","authors":"Yuan-Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xue-Mei Lu ,&nbsp;Yu-Ping Man ,&nbsp;Qi-Qi Chen ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Shi-Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Wen-Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Jin-Hu Wu ,&nbsp;Yan-Chang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The typical feature of red-fleshed <em>Actinidia chinensis</em> is the radical redness of the locules in the inner pericarp. However, in commercial orchards, we observed that kiwifruit on vines exhibiting leaf chlorosis symptoms also showed an extension of reddish flesh to the outer pericarp. The mechanisms linking anthocyanin accumulation in the outer pericarp of kiwifruit with leaf chlorosis remain poorly understood. Through establishment of the field and callus treatment experiments under iron deficiency, we analyzed element contents, fruit quality and differentially expressed genes, and confirmed that iron deficiency contributes to both the anthocyanin accumulation in the outer pericarp and the chlorosis symptoms in the leaves and fruit. Additionally, we found that genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, as well as <em>MYB75</em>, were significantly activated, with <em>MYB75</em> playing a key role in activating many of these genes. Two <em>DELLA</em> proteins of GA pathway were significantly induced, while <em>LBD37like,</em> a repressor of anthocyanin pathway, was inhibited by iron deficiency. A lot of iron transporters and storage proteins related to iron deficiency responses were identified in the over-reddened fruit. These discoveries enhance our understanding of anthocyanin regulation under iron deprivation and provide insights into how fruit responds to iron deficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen allocation and trade-off among growth and defense strategies of ornamental herbaceous plants exposed to increasing ozone concentrations","authors":"Ning Yang ,&nbsp;Samuele Risoli ,&nbsp;Chunlan Liu ,&nbsp;Qing Qiao ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Cotrozzi ,&nbsp;Elisa Pellegrini ,&nbsp;Cristina Nali ,&nbsp;Caihong Li ,&nbsp;Feixiang Zheng ,&nbsp;Mengyao Ma ,&nbsp;Yuanxin Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen (N) allocation and trade-offs across primary and secondary metabolic pathways help to evaluate plant adaptive capacity to harsh environmental conditions. Tropospheric ozone (O₃) is a major concern for ecosystem health, particularly in highly polluted cities like those of China. Here, <em>Salvia splendens</em>, <em>Zinnia elegans</em> and <em>Helianthus annuus</em> plants were exposed to ambient air (AA), moderate (AA+40 ppb, AA+40) and elevated (AA+80 ppb, AA+80) O₃ concentrations to explore interspecific differences in N allocation and O₃-response strategies. Photosynthetic rate (A) of <em>S. splendens</em> increased at 15 and 32 days from the beginning of the exposure (FBE; +24 % on average) under AA+ 40, whereas decreased in <em>Z. elegans</em> under both AA+ 40 and AA+ 80 (-24 %, on average, at 15 days FBE), and in <em>H. annuus</em> under AA+ 80 (-18 % at 32 days FBE). AA+ 80 reduced N based on leaf area (N_area) in all the three species. In addition, in <em>S. splendens</em>, AA+ 40 promoted N allocation to photosynthesis (N_photo; +10 % at 32 days FBE) and decreased the N allocation to cell wall (N_CW, -24 % throughout the entire exposure period), whereas in <em>Z. elegans</em> N_photo was decreased at 15 and 48 days FBE (-38 %, on average) and no change was reported in N_CW. Differently, both N_photo and N_CW decreased under AA+ 80 in all the three species. AA+40 maintained or improved the biomass production of <em>S. splendens</em> and <em>Z. elegans</em>, whereas <em>H. annuus</em> growth was inhibited. Overall, <em>S. splendens</em> and <em>Z. elegans</em> better adapted to AA+ 40 compared to <em>H. annuus</em>, which was attributed to increased contributions of N_photo and N to chemical defense, highlighting species-specific strategies in adapting to O₃-stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal patterns between wood formation and non-structural carbohydrate in two conifers with distinct life-history traits","authors":"Nipeng Qian ,&nbsp;Linxu Wang ,&nbsp;Gangdun Li ,&nbsp;Chunchao Dong ,&nbsp;Qijing Liu ,&nbsp;Guang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the dynamics of wood formation and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in trees is essential for unraveling mechanisms underlying carbon allocation and storage. While temperature is widely acknowledged as a key driver of growth initiation in temperate trees, the relative contributions of air and soil temperatures remain poorly quantified. In addition, the role of temperature in regulating the cessation of wood formation has received limited attention. In this study, we monitored intra-annual wood formation of <em>Picea koraiensis</em> and <em>Larix olgensis</em> across an altitudinal gradient and assessed seasonal variation in NSC concentrations in leaves, xylem, and phloem in Changbai Mountain. Growth onset was delayed by 3.3 per 100 m increase in altitude for <em>Picea</em> and 2.5 days for <em>Larix</em>. <em>Picea</em> initiated growth earlier and ceased later than <em>Larix</em>, reflecting species-specific phenological strategies. Growth onset was primarily driven by cumulative thermal conditions, particularly growing degree days, whereas cold degree days emerged as the sole temperature-related factor significantly associated with growth cessation. Despite contrasting seasonal patterns of NSC dynamics between deciduous <em>Larix</em> and evergreen <em>Picea</em>, the mobilization of NSCs was closely synchronized with cambial activity in both species. Starch concentrations reached their annual minima, and sugar concentrations peaked during periods of maximum width of cell enlargement and wall thickening, suggesting a conserved physiological mechanism for carbon utilization during xylem development. These findings reveal the interplay between temperature, phenology, and NSC dynamics in regulating xylem growth and carbon allocation. By elucidating these processes, this study advances our understanding of how temperate forests may respond to shifting climatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of phytohormone signaling under abiotic stress","authors":"Marcia Margis-Pinheiro,&nbsp;Ian C. Dodd,&nbsp;Christine Foyer,&nbsp;Nelson Saibo,&nbsp;Zhiyong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 106111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}