Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Succulence and aquaporin expression during drought and recovery in the CAM epiphytic bromeliad Acanthostachys strobilacea (Schult. & Schult.f.) Klotzsch","authors":"Victória Carvalho ,&nbsp;Evandro Alves Vieira ,&nbsp;Kleber Resende Silva ,&nbsp;Eduardo Purgatto ,&nbsp;Catarina Carvalho Nievola ,&nbsp;Marília Gaspar","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to climate change, drought-rewatering cycles might become more intense and frequent, potentially threatening epiphytic bromeliads as they are detached from the soil. Hence, research on drought-rewatering responses is essential to determine the resilience of these species to projected future environmental conditions. The tankless, CAM epiphytic bromeliad <em>Acanthostachys strobilacea</em> shows significant drought tolerance from its early developmental stages. Here, we investigated water storage remobilization and the expression of aquaporin genes in the succulent leaf tissues of juvenile <em>A. strobilacea</em> plants in response to a drought-rewatering cycle and their relation to metabolic status. Under greenhouse conditions, 3-month-old plants were subjected to 14 days without irrigation, followed by 1 day of rewatering. We conducted analyses of water status, leaf anatomy, photosynthetic rates, titratable acidity, metabolic profile, and aquaporin gene expression. Data on water status indicated drought-induced turgor loss, which could be mainly attributed to the collapse of the hydrenchyma (water-storage tissue). The water stored in these cells likely relocated to the photosynthetically active cells of the chlorenchyma, which may have helped maintain metabolic activity. Indeed, titratable acidity, gas exchange, and metabolic data showed intensified CAM activity after drought. Drought also increased proline and antioxidant contents but significantly reduced the expression of <em>AsPIP1;1</em>, <em>AsPIP1;2-like</em>, <em>AsTIP2;2</em> and <em>AsNIP2;2</em> genes. After 1 day of rewatering, turgor, CAM activity, and the expression of most aquaporin genes and most metabolite contents were fully restored to control levels. The rapid turgor recovery, even in the absence of leaf water-absorbing trichomes, was due to water storage in hydrenchyma cells upon rehydration. Additionally, the modulation of aquaporin expression likely reduced water loss during drought and aided turgor restoration after rewatering. These results can guide future research on the responses of epiphytic bromeliads to climate change, essential to developing conservation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105985"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf gas exchange responses to combined heat and drought stress in wheat genotypes with varied stomatal density","authors":"Theresa Pflüger,&nbsp;Signe M. Jensen,&nbsp;Fulai Liu,&nbsp;Eva Rosenqvist","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stomata regulate the plant’s gas exchange and water balance, and their density may be a crucial factor in the response to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of leaf gas exchange of three spring wheat genotypes with different stomatal density to progressive drought and combined heat and drought stress. The stomatal conductance (<em>g</em>_<em>s</em>) was the most sensitive parameter that declined with increasing drought stress. This negatively affected transpiration and leaf cooling, and limited photosynthesis (<em>A</em>) when <em>g</em>_<em>s</em> decreased to &lt; 550 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The treatments affected all three genotypes similarly over time irrespective of stomatal density. However, when related to the fraction of transpirable soil water (<em>FTSW</em>) in the pot, <em>g</em>_<em>s</em> and <em>A</em> of the low and high stomatal density cultivars responded differently when heat was added to the drought stress. The high stomatal density cultivar showed no difference in maximum <em>g</em>_<em>s</em> at <em>FTSW</em> &gt; 0.3, and a similar decline of <em>g</em>_<em>s</em> and <em>A</em> at <em>FTSW</em> &lt; 0.3 in drought alone and combined drought and heat. The low stomatal density cultivar showed a higher maximum <em>g</em>_<em>s</em> and the most severe decline of <em>g</em>_<em>s</em> under combined heat and drought _<em>s</em>tress and a significantly slower decline of <em>g</em>_<em>s</em> under drought alone, which was also reflected in a significantly slower reduction in <em>A</em> under drought compared to the combined stress. Overall, the drought response of stomatal closure dominated the physiological response under simultaneous heat and drought irrespective of stomatal density, and it was only in the combined stress that the maximum photochemical efficiency <em>F</em>_<em>v</em><em>/F</em>_<em>m</em> was negatively affected. In conclusion, to elucidate the effect of drought and combined drought and heat on the leaf gas exchange in wheat cultivars with varied stomatal density, it is crucial to relate the parameters to the available soil water, not the duration of the drought.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105984"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of two repeats containing MYB transcription factors in groundnut identifies drought-inducible genes involved as a negative regulator of root nodulation","authors":"Abhilasha Abhilasha ,&nbsp;Akancha Shukla ,&nbsp;Lakhani Amiben,&nbsp;Swarup Roy Choudhury","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>MYB</em> gene superfamily encompasses a group of related genes found in all eukaryotes. In contrast to animals, higher plants contain large numbers of two-repeat <em>MYB</em> genes, which have been established in regulating crucial developmental, biotic, and abiotic stress responses that profoundly affect the plant's yield. However, a comprehensive analysis of the two-repeat <em>MYB</em> gene family in groundnut and its progenitors, especially the role of two-repeat <em>MYB</em> genes in response to drought stress, and the effect of those genes in nodulation have not been reported so far. Our recent analysis of the groundnut genome has identified 79 (<em>Arachis duranensis</em>), 84 (<em>Arachis ipaensis</em>), and 161 (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em>) two-repeat <em>MYB</em> genes, which belong to multiple distinct subgroups based on their architecture. Here, we provided a complete overview of the gene structure, protein motif organization, chromosome localization, gene duplication events, and synteny analysis to clarify evolutionary perspectives. Members of the same subgroup showed highly conserved structure and motif compositions. The whole-genome duplication and segmental duplication likely contributed to the expansion of two-repeat <em>MYB</em> genes in <em>Arachis hypogaea</em>. The upstream sequences of most genes contained phytohormone-responsive, stress-responsive, light-responsive, and plant growth-related elements. The genes not only have diverse expression profiles across different development stages but as shown in our experimental findings, most of them were induced by ABA and drought-related stress. Further gene silencing experiments demonstrated that two drought-inducible <em>MYB</em> genes, homologs of <em>Arabidopsis MYB96</em> and <em>MYB94</em>, function as a negative regulator of root nodulation. The results of this study can serve as a strong foundation for further elucidation of the physiological and molecular function of two-repeat <em>MYB</em> genes in groundnut.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105981"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major abiotic stresses on quality parameters in grain legumes: Impacts and various strategies for improving quality traits","authors":"Uday Chand Jha ,&nbsp;Manu Priya ,&nbsp;Yogesh Dashrath Naik ,&nbsp;Harsh Nayyar ,&nbsp;Mahendar Thudi ,&nbsp;Somashekhar M. Punnuri ,&nbsp;Kadambot H.M. Siddique ,&nbsp;P.V. Vara Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abiotic stresses, such as drought, heat, salinity, waterlogging, tropospheric ozone, and heavy metals, adversely affect crop growth and yield, posing significant challenges to crop production, including grain legumes. With global climate change likely to exacerbate these stresses, legume yields are becoming increasingly vulnerable. While the detrimental effects of these stresses on crop yield are well-documented, their impact on quality traits in grain legumes is less recognized. Abiotic stresses can alter grain carbohydrates, proteins, fats/lipids, amino acids, sugar content, various micronutrients, food value, and antioxidants, significantly impairing quality traits. This review summarizes the negative impacts of various abiotic stresses on the quality parameters of different grain legumes and explores crop breeding strategies, plant physiology, genomics, and novel molecular tools to mitigate these adverse effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105978"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of CmoADHs in Cucurbita moschata—Critical role of CmoADH9 in drought tolerance","authors":"Qingfei Li ,&nbsp;Zhengxiang Liu ,&nbsp;Peiwen Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Han ,&nbsp;Xuejin Chen ,&nbsp;Xinzheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In plants, alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are involved in stress response, organ development, fruit ripening, and metabolite synthesis. However, little is known regarding ADH-encoding genes (<em>ADHs</em>) in <em>Cucurbita moschata</em> which is usually used as a rootstock for cucumber, melon, watermelon, and other cucurbit crops to resist soil-borne diseases and abiotic stresses. We identified 11 <em>CmoADHs</em> in the <em>C. moschata</em> genome that were unevenly distributed across seven chromosomes. These genes were predicted to encode stable cytoplasmic acidic proteins, sharing a low degree of identity with each other. The genes exhibited different intron–exon structures. Analysis of <em>cis</em>-acting regulatory elements showed that <em>CmoADHs</em> contain environmental stress-, hormone response-, light response-, and development/tissue specificity-related elements in their promoters. Expression pattern analysis revealed that <em>CmoADH2</em>, <em>CmoADH3</em>, <em>CmoADH4</em>, <em>CmoADH9</em>, <em>CmoADH10</em>, and <em>CmoADH11</em> had the highest expression levels in the roots, which were significantly higher than those in the other tested tissues. These six genes may play important roles in the growth and development of roots, and in related abiotic stress responses. <em>CmoADH1</em>, <em>CmoADH5</em>, <em>CmoADH6</em>, <em>CmoADH7</em>, <em>CmoADH8</em> had the highest expression in the apical region and could be involved in the differentiation of newly formed tissues. To study the role of <em>CmoADHs</em> in abiotic stress, salt, drought, low temperature, and ethephon treatments were performed. Under drought conditions, <em>CmoADHs</em> showed different expression trends. The expression levels of <em>CmoADH1</em>, <em>CmoADH2</em>, <em>CmoADH3</em>, and <em>CmoADH9</em> increased significantly and peaked after 1 h of drought treatment, indicating that these four genes are more sensitive to drought stress. Under salt treatment, all <em>CmoADHs</em> showed a significant increase or decrease in expression within 6 h, except for <em>CmoADH5</em> and <em>CmoADH10</em>, which were insensitive to salt treatment. The expression of most of the <em>CmoADHs</em> was significantly downregulated by low-temperature treatment. Ethephon treatment significantly induced the expression of all the <em>CmoADHs</em>, except <em>CmoADH2</em>, to different degrees within 12 h. <em>CmoADH9</em> was found to be involved in root growth and drought stress resistance. Identification of these <em>ADH</em> genes can provide useful resources for conferring stress resistance in other economically important crops.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105967"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic plasticity of water-related traits reveals boundaries to the adaptive capacity of a dominant European grass species under increased drought","authors":"Gerónimo Agustín Cardozo ,&nbsp;Karim Barkaoui ,&nbsp;Maria Dolores Hidalgo-Galvez ,&nbsp;Florence Volaire","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The intensification of droughts due to climate change is a global concern, and many plant species face increasing water deficits. Understanding the role of phenotypic plasticity in plant adaptation to these changing conditions is crucial. This research focuses on <em>Bromopsis erecta</em>, a dominant perennial grass in European and Mediterranean grasslands, to predict its potential adaptation to climate change. We assessed plants from shallow and deep soils (i.e., with contrasting water reserves) of a Mediterranean rangeland in southern France, and tested the effect of six years of experimentally increased summer drought compared to the ambient conditions on plant traits, survival and abundance. In both field and common garden experiments, we measured water-related traits, including static traits under non-limiting water conditions, and dynamic traits, such as rates of trait variation during drought. Trait plasticity was determined as a reaction norm to increasing soil water stress and was tested against changes in <em>B. erecta</em> abundance over the past decade, including the study period. Trait plasticity was detected only for leaf dry matter content (LDMC), revealing that the resource strategy of <em>B. erecta</em> became more conservative over less than a decade with higher LDMC and leaf thickness according to the plant economic spectrum. No plasticity was found for osmotic potential or specific leaf area. The variability of other traits was ascribed to the possible lagging effect of previous water stress and was associated more with soil depth than with previous summer drought intensity. The abundance decline of <em>B. erecta,</em> which dropped from 20 % to around 5 % in shallow soils, was not associated with the plasticity of LDMC but was positively correlated with variations in leaf base membrane damage, meaning unexpectedly, that plants exposed to the most severe summer drought also had the most sensitive leaf base membranes, a possible sign of maladaptive trait plasticity in the population. This key trait response reveals boundaries to the adaptive capacity of this perennial grass to survive pluri-annual drought.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105970"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847224003289/pdfft?md5=659fe90fa6805776ea1ddb6a204c20bc&pid=1-s2.0-S0098847224003289-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide characterization of the Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) gene family in Ammopiptanthus nanus and overexpression of AnLEA30 enhanced abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco","authors":"Yanjing Liu,&nbsp;Wanli Shi,&nbsp;Kuo Dong,&nbsp;Xueqi Zhao,&nbsp;Yuzhen Chen,&nbsp;Cunfu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins play a crucial role in determining how plants respond to abiotic stress. Nonetheless, the comprehensive characterization and function of the LEA gene family in <em>Ammopiptanthus nanus,</em> an endangered evergreen shrub plant that survived in harsh desert environments, are largely unknown. Through a comprehensive genome-wide investigation, we successfully identified 45 <em>AnLEA</em> genes in <em>A. nanus</em> and divided them into eight groups. AnLEAs have typical LEA domains, and the promoter analysis shows that they contain various <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements related to stress resistance. The diverse expression patterns of <em>AnLEAs</em> under different abiotic stress treatments suggest that they play an important role in responding to stress. Overexpression of <em>AnLEA30</em> in tobacco significantly enhanced abiotic stress tolerance by effectively stabilizing and protecting membranes, scavenging reactive oxide species (ROS), and improving photosynthesis, demonstrating the potential for application of <em>AnLEA30</em> in plant improvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomics and metabolomics analysis revealed that Se-mediated Cd precipitation and nutrient cycling regulated soil-rice (Oryza sativa L) microenvironmental homeostasis under cadmium stress","authors":"Sixi Zhu ,&nbsp;Suxia Sun ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Luying Sheng ,&nbsp;Huan Mao ,&nbsp;Xiuqin Yang ,&nbsp;Zhongbing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exogenous selenium (Se) addition can dynamically regulate the establishment of microbial communities, induce the expression of specific microbial functional genes, and affect the homeostasis of the soil-plant microenvironment. In this study, we used metagenomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate Se-mediated homeostatic changes and functional responses in the rhizosphere soil of rice seedlings. Results show that compared with the Cd set, selenium (1 mg/kg) Se content in the Soil and rice plant increased by 88.5 % and 99.1 %, respectively. Soil-fluorescein diacetate (S-FDA) hydrolyze enzymatic activity increased by 42.9 %, Rice on Cd enrichment coefficient increased by 71.1 %, but the transfer coefficient by 21.6 %, making a lot of cadmium ion stranded in the root, easing the toxicity of cadmium to plant. Metagenomic analysis revealed that Se bioaugmentation altered the structure and composition of the rhizosphere microbial community and induced remodeling of the rice rhizosphere microbiome. Increase the heavy metal resistance genes (cznA czcD, czcP, dltC, and CREM), nutrient cycling functional genes (atoB tktB, acs, sdhA, accA, ppdK, NRT, narB, nifD, napA, pstS, GlpQ, spoT, phoR, sucC) and heavy metal transport protein family (P-ATPase, CDF, ABC, and MIT) expression. It significantly improved the health of the rhizosphere microenvironment and alleviated soil hardening and nutrient deficiency caused by heavy metals. At the same time, in metabonomics analysis, The upregulated Differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were mainly in the Biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides, Sulfur metabolism, Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone Biosynthesis, Cysteine, and methionine metabolism in enrichment significantly. The mediated reshaping of rhizosphere microorganism groups indicates that there is ane an advantage in the nutrient cycle. Also, the secondary metabolism and antioxidant capacity have significantly strengthened the ed, and the large strain caused by the death of heavy metals is a result of poor Soil. In addition, the Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) signaling pathway was activated among the remodeling microbiomes, and the receptor protein inducer was upregulated, which activated the population response among the rhizosphere microbiomes and resulted in the overexpression of specific functional genes of each microbiome. By enhancing the resistance to heavy metals and nutrient cycling ability of the rhizosphere microbiome, the mobility and bioavailability of Cd ions were significantly reduced, the rhizosphere soil microenvironment health was improved, and the adaptability of rice to Cd stress was improved. This study reveals the Se of rice rhizosphere Cd-resistant bacteria mediating mechanisms; research for precise regulation of plant rhizosphere microorganism groups opens new avenues of research and offers a new way for crop production safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105958"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional responses of durum wheat to chronic chromium exposure reveal candidate proteins involved in metal detoxification and compartmentalization","authors":"Marcos Fernando Basso ,&nbsp;Alessio Aprile ,&nbsp;Miriam Negussu ,&nbsp;Ilaria Colzi ,&nbsp;Ida Pernice ,&nbsp;Carla Lo Passo ,&nbsp;Cristina Gonnelli ,&nbsp;Alessandro Frontini ,&nbsp;Luigi De Bellis ,&nbsp;Matteo Buti ,&nbsp;Federico Martinelli","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chromium phytotoxicity results in relevant alterations to plant physiology, gene expression, and genomic DNA methylation at a transgenerational level. Herein, transcriptional responses of durum wheat (<em>Triticum turgidum</em> L.) to chronic chromium exposure were explored in roots and leaves by RNA-seq approach. Plants grown all the time in a hydroponic system supplemented with 2.5 and 10 µM hexavalent chromium were compared to unstressful control plants, assessing biomass and seed yield analyses after senescence. Then, transcriptomic analysis was performed with these plants kept under 10 µM chromium 50 days after the onset of exposure. The chromium concentrations used were considered the lowest dose sufficient to alter gene expression without impeding plant development, while the sampling time reflected the effects in the pre-harvest phase and long-lasting defense mechanisms. Root and leaf samples from plants kept under 10 µM chromium stress and from unstressful control plants were analyzed, generating 12 RNA-seq libraries. In total, 965 and 810 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed, respectively, in roots and leaves in response to 10 µM chromium stress. In roots, transcriptional changes were noted in the primary and secondary metabolism, redox homeostasis, protein modification, solute transport, nutrient uptake, and external stimuli responses. Meanwhile, the transcriptional changes in leaves were primarily found in the secondary metabolism, hormone-related pathways, chromatin modifications, cell division, protein modification and homeostasis, solute transport, and nutrient uptake. In particular, the metal uptake and translocation pathways were studied with greater emphasis to identify key proteins involved in chromium transport and compartmentalization. Furthermore, several genes involved in the biosynthesis of malate-derived organic acids, trace metal transport/detoxification/chelation, and vacuolar compartmentalization were linked to primary defense responses, and some of them were also associated with two putative gene clusters. Therefore, these genes and gene clusters are suggested as valuable biotechnological targets for future proof-of-concept studies aimed at genetic engineering of durum wheat to improve plant tolerance to chromium exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847224003113/pdfft?md5=66cc6a46c836e4df0c335dd27ece7154&pid=1-s2.0-S0098847224003113-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic analysis of MsFtsH8 overexpression reveals enhanced salt stress response in alfalfa through PSII stability and antioxidant capacity improvement","authors":"Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Kuiju Niu ,&nbsp;Xiangcui Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiaoxi Zhu ,&nbsp;Qianwen Yu ,&nbsp;Junmei Kang ,&nbsp;Qingchuan Yang ,&nbsp;Tiejun Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruicai Long ,&nbsp;Mingna Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The FtsH (Filamentous temperature sensitive H) proteases, known for their crucial roles in protein quality control and maintaining the integrity of photosynthetic machinery, have emerged as key regulators of stress responses in plants. Our previous study revealed the overexpression of <em>MsFtsH8</em>, an <em>FtsH</em> gene from alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.), confers salt stress tolerance to the plant. By comparing the proteomic profiles of <em>MsFtsH8</em>-overexpressing alfalfa and wild type under salt stress conditions, we elucidate the molecular pathways underlying MsFtsH8-mediated salt stress resilience. We identified 730 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in <em>MsFtsH8</em>-overexpressing alfalfa under salt stress, compared to 498 DEPs in wild type alfalfa under the same growth condition. Our results reveal significant alterations in the expression of proteins involved in the photosynthetic system, consistent with the chloroplast subcellular localization of MsFtsH8. Specifically, MsFtsH8 overexpression stabilizes key components of Photosystem II (PSII) and enhances electron transport processes, leading to increased photosynthetic efficiency and oxidative photodamage repair capacity under salt stress. Moreover, <em>MsFtsH8</em>-overexpressing alfalfa exhibits elevated levels of antioxidative enzymes, further mitigating oxidative damage induced by high salinity. These findings deepen our understanding of the regulatory role of MsFtsH8 in salt stress response and highlight its potential for improving crop resilience under adverse environmental conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}