Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Split application of phosphorus fertilizer increased wheat grain weight under post-anthesis drought stress by delaying programmed cell death of endosperm","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drought is one of the important factors affecting wheat yield. However, the effect of split application of phosphorus fertilizer on the programmed cell death (PCD) of wheat endosperm cells under different post-anthesis water treatments is still unclear. In this study, three phosphorus fertilization methods (P1, all phosphorus fertilizer was applied at the spring green-up stage; P2, 50 % and 50 % of phosphorus fertilizer were applied at the spring green-up stage and jointing stage, respectively; P3, 40 %, 30 %, and 30 % of phosphorus fertilizer were applied at the spring green-up, jointing, and grain filling stages, respectively) were designed. Besides, two post-anthesis water treatments were designed: WT, full irrigation treatment; DT, drought stress treatment. Then, the effects of P1, P2, and P3 treatments on the endosperm cell development, nuclear number, nuclease activity, DNA fragmentation, DNA content, grain weight, and phosphorus content of winter wheat variety “Xindong 23” under WT and DT conditions were determined at different stages after anthesis. The results showed that under WT and DT conditions, the degree of nuclear deformation and nuclear membrane depression in P3 treatment was milder than that in P1 and P2 treatments. The ACPase amount in P3 treatment was more than that in P1 and P2 treatments. The number of endosperm nuclei in P3 treatment was higher than that in P1 and P2 treatments. Under DT condition, the endosperm DNA content of wheat grains collected 14–35 days post anthesis (DPA) in P3 treatment increased, and the peak time of genomic DNA fragmentation in P3 treatment was later, compared with those in P1 treatment. Under DT condition, the grain weight and grouting rate in P3 treatment were higher than those of P1 treatment at 7–28 DPA, and the 1000-grain weight of P3 was the highest under both WT and DT conditions, reaching 47.03 and 40.57 g, respectively. Under WT and DT conditions, compared with P1 treatment, the protein content change rate (3.16 % and 5.59 %, respectively) and the total phosphorus content change rate (34.36 % and 35.08 %, respectively) of wheat grains in P3 treatment were the highest. In summary, under the DT condition, split application of phosphorus fertilizer (P3, spring green-up stage stage: jointing stage: filling stage = 4: 3: 3) could increase the phosphorus uptake and utilization of wheat plants and grains, suppress the DNA fragmentation of endosperm cells, and delay the deformation and disintegration of nuclei, which ultimately delayed the PCD in endosperm and realized high grain weight and protein content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercooling cells of frost hardy palm leaves: Quantified percentage of frozen water and displacement from thermodynamic equilibrium","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Trachycarpus fortunei</em> is the most frost-hardy palm. Its leaves undergo supercooling, previously believed to involve a sublethal high temperature exotherm (HTE), followed by a period of no cellular water loss without freezing, which is terminated by a low temperature exotherm (LTE). However, this knowledge is based on laboratory studies only, and how leaves freeze in nature remains unknown. Also, experimental evidence is missing whether the LTE is caused by intracellular ice formation. We hypothesized that intracellular freezing is the cause of frost damage, and that it occurs after a certain amount of displacement from ideal equilibrium freezing. Observations on how <em>T. fortunei</em> plants freeze in the field, allowed appropriate laboratory simulations. The percentage of frozen water (p_fW) as a function of temperature and the displacement from ideal equilibrium freezing were estimated based on high-resolution differential scanning calorimetry. Cryo-microscopic examinations allowed the localization of ice during HTE and LTE. In the field, leaves froze at −3.3±1.0 °C, similar to non-supercooling species. Using Snomax®, appropriate control of HTE was achieved in laboratory on detached leaves. After the HTE, ice was localized exclusively in the vascular bundles. Thereafter, only a small percentage of water (6–14 %) was frozen. Interestingly, we found further, previously unknown ice formation processes between the HTE and LTE, indicating moderate freeze dehydration in addition to supercooling. Freeze dehydration was time dependent and increased under slow cooling (higher frost-dose). Regardless of season, cooling rate, or displacement from ideal equilibrium, the LTE occurred at −15.6 °C, matching with the killing temperature. Post-LTE, intracellular ice formation in mesophyll cells was identified as the cause of frost damage. Slower cooling reduced the displacement from ideal equilibrium, but did not change LTE, suggesting an inactivation or activation of molecular components involved in triggering intracellular ice formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847224002533/pdfft?md5=7f7adbb20757694ea7a902b15ba5ee70&pid=1-s2.0-S0098847224002533-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf economics spectrum of wheat in response to multigenerational atmospheric elevated CO2","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While numerous studies have explored the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration (<em>e</em>[CO₂]) on leaf traits in plants within a single life cycle, the effects of multigenerational <em>e</em>[CO₂] on leaf functional traits and their interrelationships remain obscure in major crops. Leaf economics spectrum (LES) comprises a group of leaf traits, which describes trade-offs between the leaf characteristics that reflect carbon economy or returns on the investments of nutrients and dry mass. In this study, the wheat seeds harvested from a 7-generation experiment under the <em>e</em>[CO₂] (800 μmol L⁻¹) or the ambient CO₂ concentration were planted to assess changes in the LES. Our results revealed a consistent increase in mass-normalized leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentration under the <em>e</em>[CO₂] over the generations. Photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency was positively correlated with photosynthetic rate per unit mass, dark respiration per unit mass, photosynthetic rate per unit area, leaf phosphorus per unit area, and dark respiration per unit area. Moreover, we used structural equation model to illustrate the network of relationships among LES traits and shoot dry weight, providing insights into the effects of the multigenerational <em>e</em>[CO₂] on wheat growth. This study contributes novel perspectives to our understandings of wheat responses to long-term climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hindered translocation of sugars within maize ear reduces grain weight under drought stress","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maize, one of the most important crops in the food chain, is facing severe threats from the escalating incidence of drought stress worldwide. Maize grain development requires assimilate uptake from the attached cob, however, the spatial distribution of sugars (the main carbon assimilate) within ear and its relationship with grain development under drought stress remain unclear. Here, we systematically investigated the dynamics of sugars and starch in different sub-tissues of cob (pith, woody ring, pedicel, and glume) and grain at different regions (the apical, middle and basal) of the developing ear under drought stress during grain filling. Results showed that the major sugar within cob was sucrose, followed by hexoses (fructose and glucose) and starch. Spatially, sucrose was highest in the woody ring and decreased toward the pedicel and then grain, whilst the hexoses were higher in the grain and then the cob center (pith) but gradually decreased towards the pedicel. Under drought, sucrose and hexoses were significantly accumulated in the pedicel but reduced in the grain, revealing that sugar uptake from the pedicel by grain was blocked. Moreover, sugars were reduced in the apical and middle regions of cob but were promoted in the basal region by drought, suggesting a drought-suppressed sugar translocation within cob. Accordingly, grain weight in the apical, middle, and basal regions were reduced by 18.9 %, 11.3 %, and 10.8 %, with starch weight decreased by 25.2 %, 21.4 %, and 2.0 %, respectively, at maturity. Collectively, these results support that sugar uptake from the pedicel by the grain and upward translocation along the cob are associated with grain weight in response to drought. These findings firstly uncover the spatial patterns for sugars within ear to respond to drought stress and highlight the importance of sugar availability within cob in grain yield formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study and transcriptome sequencing to identify candidate genes for waterlogging tolerance during germination in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Waterlogging stress is a significant abiotic stress that has a pronounced effect on both the yield and quality of barley. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the molecular response mechanisms involved in barley germination under waterlogging stress. In this study, we investigated five root and shoot traits related to waterlogging tolerance across 250 barley accessions. Our findings indicate that the tolerant genotype displayed lower levels of starch degradation, electrical conductivity (EC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to the sensitive genotype under waterlogging conditions. Through genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis, we identified 77 significant Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with waterlogging tolerance during germination. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq) revealed 1776 and 839 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Liu Leng Zi Da Mai (waterlogging tolerant) and Naso Nijo (waterlogging sensitive), respectively. It is noteworthy that a considerable number of these DEGs were found to be associated with transcription factors, including <em>AP2/ERF</em>, <em>HSF</em>, <em>WRKY</em>, <em>MYB</em>, and <em>MADS</em>. Through the integration of GWAS and RNA-Seq data analysis, a total of 32 candidate genes were pinpointed, primarily linked to plant hormones and energy metabolism regulation such as <em>ERF</em>, <em>HSF</em>, <em>AEC</em> and <em>LEA</em>. In conclusion, these findings provide novel genetic resources and insights to enhance waterlogging tolerance at germination in future barley cultivars through genomic and marker-assisted selection. This results also lay the foundation for further functional analysis of the identified candidate genes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) alleviates phytotoxicity of nanoplastics in maize (Zea mays L.) plants","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The escalating use of plastic leads to a significant presence of nanoplastics in agricultural soil, directly impacting the growth and development of plants. However, the effective strategies to mitigate the accumulation of nanoplastic remains limited. The goal of this work was to explore the effect of extracellular ATP (eATP) on alleviating nanoplastic toxicity in maize plants. Here, seven-day-old maize seedlings were treated with PSNP (50 mg/L) and eATP (1 mM). Subsequently, the growth of maize (roots and shoots), accumulation of PSNP in roots, and various physiological indicators was analyzed. Additionally, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were conducted to examine the changes in differentially expressed genes and metabolites under these treatments. The results were as followed: foliar applied eATP markedly inhibited the accumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNP) in roots, thus alleviating the inhibitory effect of PSNP on maize plants growth. eATP application alleviated PSNP increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and percent of electrolyte leakage, H₂O₂ and O₂^·- accumulation by activating antioxidant defense systems. eATP application significantly altered the expressions of aquaporin genes (<em>ZmNIP4;1</em>, <em>ZmNIP1:2</em>, etc.), resulting in the suppression of PSNP accumulation. In addition, eATP also triggered metabolic dynamics changes associated with Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and ABC transporters in maizes treated with PSNP. In conclusion, the exogenous foliar application of 1 mM eATP alleviates the adverse effects of PSNP on maize by activating antioxidant defense systems and suppressing the expression of aquaporin genes, thereby reducing PSNP accumulation. This approach also holds promise as a strategy for alleviating the phytotoxic effects of PSNP in modern agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in nutrient release and decay rate of poplar leaf litter and fine roots and their relationship with substrate quality and decomposition environment under ozone pollution","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ground-level ozone (O₃) pollution affects both the biochemical traits of plants and the decomposition of litter, consequently altering nutrient cycling in ecosystems. However, current research on litter decomposition primarily focuses on leaves, paying less attention to fine roots in the soil. O₃ pollution can lead to differences in the decomposition rates and nutrient release of poplar leaves and the quality of fine root litter. This study conducted a one-year decomposition experiment using five different qualities of leaf and fine root litters placed in a free-air O₃ concentration elevation system (O₃-FACE) under two treatments (ambient air and elevated O₃). The results showed that elevated O₃ significantly reduced the decomposition rate of the fast-decomposition pool while accelerated the decomposition rate of the slow-decomposition pool, and the impact on leaves was more pronounced than fine roots. The decomposition rate of the fast-decomposition pool gradually decreased with decreasing substrate quality, with exhibiting a maximum difference in residual mass of up to 21.7 % and 7.3 % on leaf litters and fine roots, respectively. Elevated O₃ had a more pronounced effect on C, N and P release in leaves compared to fine roots, markedly slowed down its release in leaves by reducing the quality of the litter. The C:N and lignin:N ratios of leaf litter, as well as the lignin:N ratio of fine roots, linearly increased with decreasing substrate quality. Substrates of lower quality decomposed at slower rates, with a corresponding decrease in the nutrient release rate. Nutrient release was more strongly affected by the quality of substrates than the decomposition environment. The findings provide deeper insight into the ecological processes of these two litter sources regulating nutrient cycles in poplar plantations under an O₃-polluted environment and could help improve terrestrial biogeochemical process models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein homeostasis and cell wall remodeling in response to jasmonate and gibberellin signals improve flood tolerance in soybean (Glycine max L.)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The establishment of soybean seedlings is sensitive to flooding, and colocalization of proteins and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) advances to narrow down the hub genes. To reveal soybean seedling tolerance to flooding, Qihuang34 (QH34), Jidou17(JD17), and their recombinant inbred lines were used in this study. Severe plant death, shorter root length, and more stress-induced proteins were observed in JD7 compared to QH34 under flooding. The major functional categories of proteins altered by flooding were similar in both cultivars, and formed a cohesive network. Protein abundance and gene expression of ribosomal protein S3 decreased in flooded JD17 compared to QH34. Through proteomics and QTL mapping, beta-glucosidase 44 and dehydrin were involved in flood tolerance. Beta-glucosidase 44 abundance, beta-glucosidase activity, and glucose content decreased in QH34 compared to JD17 during flooding. The dehydrin contained the <em>cis-</em>acting elements of methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) and gibberellin (GA), accompanied by increased levels of Me-JA and GA₃ in flooded QH34 and JD17, respectively. These findings suggest that integrating proteomics with QTL is advantageous to identify genes associated with flood tolerance, proposing that enhanced protein homeostasis and cell wall stiffening in root tips may confer soybean seedling tolerance to flooding via GA and JA signals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RING-type E3 ligase PROTEOLYSIS1 from Syntrichia caninervis targets ABI3 for degradation and modulates plant stress responses","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation is crucial for plants to respond to environmental stresses, with E3 ligases being particularly important in regulating responses to abiotic stresses. This study focused on the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase in osmotic stress response in desiccation-tolerant mosses. We identified PROTEOLYSIS1 (PRT1), a RING-type E3 ligase, in <em>Syntrichia caninervis</em>. Our <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> assays confirmed that ScPRT1 actively targets the abscisic acid-insensitive 3 (ABI3) protein for degradation. Overexpressing ScPRT1 in <em>Arabidopsis</em> and <em>S. caninervis</em> reduced their tolerance to salt and drought stresses. Transcriptome analysis showed that ScPRT1 overexpression downregulates ABI3 and suppresses genes in the <em>ERFs</em> and <em>DREBs</em> subfamilies, leading to impaired stress resistance. This research enhances our understanding of abiotic stress responses in bryophytes and highlights the significance of protein ubiquitination in these plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warming and water deficit impact the reproductive features of the tropical forage species Stylosanthes capitata","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increased temperature and water stress, alone and in combination, are among the factors that have the greatest influence on plant development and reproduction. However, little information is available about the effects of such stresses on tropical plant species. In this study, we investigated the effects of warming and two soil moisture conditions on the mating system of the tropical forage species <em>Stylosanthes capitata</em>, including the impact on seed anatomy and germination. Treatments consisted of two temperature levels, ambient (<em>aT</em>) and elevated (<em>eT</em>, +2 °C above ambient temperature), and two soil water conditions, regular irrigated (<em>rI</em>) and non-irrigated (<em>nI</em>, rainfed). We used a Temperature Free-Air Controlled Enhancement (T-FACE) facility to increase canopy temperature under field conditions. Under <em>nI</em>, regardless of temperature, plants exhibited a 39.5 % increase in the outcrossing rate which was attributed to limited floral resources. Consequently, there was a decreased rate of self-fertilization. We observed contrasting effects between irrigation and temperature for druse density; while <em>nI</em> induced a high druse density in the seed cotyledons, <em>eT</em> showed lower druse density, resulting in an intermediate condition under <em>nIeT</em>. Elevated temperature, regardless of the soil moisture levels, also led to an increase in the mass of one hundred seeds and caused a 36 % thinning of the seed coat cuticle, presumably resulting in greater water absorption. In the germination process, seeds derived from plants developed under <em>eT</em> and irrigation conditions showed longer roots with more seeds germinating in the first 120 hours. The effects of warming and soil water content on seed production and germination observed here could have important consequences for the reproduction of tropical forage species such as <em>S. capitata</em> in future climate scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}