Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"High air temperature reduces plant specialized metabolite yield in medical cannabis, and has genotype-specific effects on inflorescence dry matter production","authors":"Mexximiliaan M.S.F. Holweg ,&nbsp;Thomas Curren ,&nbsp;Aurora Cravino ,&nbsp;Elias Kaiser ,&nbsp;Iris F. Kappers ,&nbsp;Ep Heuvelink ,&nbsp;Leo F.M. Marcelis","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving and standardizing the production of medical cannabis is essential for developing consistent and uniform medical products. Key challenges are achieving high concentrations of plant specialized metabolites (PSMs), uniformity of PSMs at different positions in the canopy, and high inflorescence dry matter production, while minimizing energy inputs for heating, ventilation, cooling, and electrical lighting. This study evaluated the effects of air temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) on PSM and dry matter production, and photosynthetic efficiency in medical cannabis (<em>Cannabis sativa</em>), 'Original Blitz' and 'Harmony CBD'. Plants were grown in climate-controlled chambers at three PPFD (600, 900, 1200 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) during the short-day (generative) phase. The experiment spanned four cultivation cycles, with two at a lower temperature (day/night 25/21 °C) and two at a higher temperature (31/27 °C) during the short-day phase. Higher air temperature reduced total cannabinoid concentrations, but had no effects on terpenoids, while enhancing PSM uniformity between upper and lower inflorescences. Further, higher air temperature either decreased inflorescence dry matter production (in 'Harmony CBD') or had no effect (in 'Original Blitz'), thus influencing total cannabinoid yield. Increasing PPFD resulted in a linear rise in inflorescence dry matter production without affecting PSM composition, increasing overall cannabinoid yield. Toward the end of the short-day phase, leaf photosynthesis declined, likely due to leaf senescence. High temperatures caused abnormal inflorescence clusters to develop on top of older inflorescences, disrupting typical maturation and leading to lower cannabinoid levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106085"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stomatal and non-stomatal regulations of photosynthesis in response to salinity, and K and Ca fertigation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L cv.)","authors":"Yingying Ma ,&nbsp;Zuoqiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Wei ,&nbsp;Fei Yan ,&nbsp;Xuezhi Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangnan Li ,&nbsp;Jingxiang Hou ,&nbsp;Zhanqing Hao ,&nbsp;Fulai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To study the response of photosynthesis of cotton plants to salinity, and K and Ca fertigation, leaf gas exchange, light and CO₂ response curves, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf N, P, Mg, K, Na and Ca concentrations, and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Cotton plants were grown at either 0 or 150 mM NaCl salinity (C and S treatment, respectively), and fertigated with or without K and Ca addition (O and K+Ca treatment, respectively). The results showed that 150 mM NaCl salinity decreased stomatal conductance (g_s), transpiration rate (T_r) and chloroplast CO₂ concentration (C_c). Yet it increased light saturated photosynthetic rate (A_L), CO₂ saturated photosynthetic rate (A_C), mesophyll conductance (g_m), maximum electron transport rate (J_max), maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (V_cmax) and triose phosphates use rate (TPU), resulting in a similar net photosynthesis rate (A_n) to that of C plants. K+Ca treatment enhanced A_n, g_s, T_r and C_c, particular under S condition, while it had no significant effects on g_m, J_max, V_cmax and TPU. Salt-induced increases in J_max, V_cmax and TPU were associated with higher [N]_leaf and [P]_leaf, whereas the J_max/V_cmax ratio decreased with increasing [N]_leaf and [P]_leaf, and C_c decreased with increasing [N]_leaf. Salt-induced improvement in A_C was linked to lower J_max/V_cmax ratio and C_c, while the increase in A_L could be ascribed to the lower non-photochemical quenching and higher photosystem II efficiency, which could be partially attributed to the salt-caused improvement in leaf superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activies. In conclusion, 150 mM NaCl salinity increased stomatal limitation but decreased non-stomatal limitation on A_n, resulting in sustained A_n and significantly lowered g_s and T_r, and hence an improved water use efficiency. K and Ca addition could alleviate the salinity-induced decrease in g_s and increase in stomatal limitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive hydraulic strategies of Pinus tabuliformis to drought across moisture-level slopes in the central Qinling Mountains, China","authors":"Lingnan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yixue Hong ,&nbsp;Yanjun Song ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Zeng ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Pérez-de-Lis","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the response mechanism of tree growth to climate change is essential for predicting future forest dynamics in temperate regions facing significant warming and drying situations. However, the mechanisms by which trees adjust their hydraulic structure, growth and physiology in response to water stress and their effects on radial growth and canopy dynamics across different moisture environments remain poorly understood. We investigate the strategies employed by <em>Pinus tabuliformis</em> on dry and wet slopes of the central Qinling Mountains in China to adapt their xylem to climate variability, using anatomical indicators (theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Kh), cell wall thickness, and conduit wall reinforcement (CWR)), tree-ring width and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) derived from δ¹³C analyses. Contrasting drought adjustment strategies were observed on dry and wet slopes. Trees on the drier slope deployed a relatively acquisitive strategy characterized by higher Kh and lower CWR. In contrast, trees on wetter slopes adopted a relatively conservative strategy with lower Kh and higher CWR. Under increasing drought severity, trees demonstrated a rise in iWUE, which has the potential to strengthen the response of hydraulic efficiency and safety indicators to precipitation. Moreover, anatomical structure and iWUE differentially affected tree-ring width and Enhanced Vegetation Index at various growing stages. Increasing iWUE could not prevent a decline in radial growth under unfavorable moisture conditions. These findings offer foundational insights into the physiological mechanisms used by <em>P. tabuliformis</em> to adapt to environmental changes in temperate areas, highlighting the complex interactions among climate, anatomical and physiological indicators, and growth dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus inputs on photosynthesis of three emergent macrophytes in a freshwater wetland","authors":"Xiaopan Wang ,&nbsp;Jiayin Feng ,&nbsp;Jinhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Guo ,&nbsp;Wenjing Ma ,&nbsp;Yaru Lyu ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Han ,&nbsp;Jingyi Ru ,&nbsp;Xueli Qiu ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excessive inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) into water bodies lead to eutrophication, resulting in significant alterations in nutrient cycles and wetland productivity. However, how N and P inputs regulate leaf functional traits and thus the photosynthesis of emergent macrophytes remains largely unexplored. Based on a field experiment simulating aquatic eutrophication in a freshwater wetland, this study was conducted to examine the influences of N and P inputs on leaf functional traits and the net photosynthetic rates of three dominant emergent macrophytes including <em>Phragmites australis</em> (<em>P. australis</em>), <em>Sagittaria trifolia</em> (<em>S. trifolia</em>), and <em>Alisma plantago-aquatica</em> (<em>A. plantago-aquatica</em>). The results showed that N input increased the net photosynthetic rates of <em>P. australis</em> and <em>A. plantago-aquatica</em> by 5.37 % and 14.7 %, but did not affect that of <em>S. trifolia</em>. Phosphorus input enhanced the net photosynthetic rate of <em>P. australis</em> by 3.20 %, but had no effects on the other macrophytes. Elevated leaf N content, leaf thickness and specific leaf area primarily drove the increases in photosynthesis of <em>P. australis</em> under eutrophication. By contrast, the stimulated chlorophyll content predominantly explained the enhanced photosynthetic rate of <em>A. plantago-aquatica</em>. In addition, the increased photosynthetic rates of emergent macrophytes positively contributed to plant biomass and ecosystem CH₄ emissions, indicating the importance of plant photosynthesis in driving wetland C source-sink functions. Our findings highlight the crucial roles of leaf functional traits in regulating plant photosynthetic process, and can provide new insights into understanding plant photosynthesis and C cycling feedback under aquatic eutrophication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106086"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought stress memory enhances the tolerance of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. in response to a subsequent drought: A physiological and omics perspective","authors":"Zhuoan Bai ,&nbsp;Xueqing Yang ,&nbsp;Na Zi ,&nbsp;Weibo Ren ,&nbsp;Jinjin Yin ,&nbsp;Ting Yuan ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Yuan ,&nbsp;Yaling Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here, we conducted physiological, global DNA methylation, and transcriptome assays on alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.) exposed to recycle drought stress to investigate stress memory and the response of subsequent drought stress and recovery. Our findings revealed a distinct memory response characterized by significant alterations in DNA cytosine methylation patterns across the genome. Notably, seedlings that underwent drought stress training exhibited enhanced growth and vitality, displaying greener and healthier traits than the control group after rewatering. Jasmonic acid and cytokinin levels were improved in drought stress-trained alfalfa, emphasizing these two hormones play a key role in drought memory responses. Furthermore, the upregulation of RuBisCO, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in drought stress-trained alfalfa reinforces the enhanced stress tolerance acquired through drought stress training. Differential DNA methylation during drought training mainly facilitates the selective expression of energy metabolism-related genes. A transcriptomic analysis revealed a notable promotion of energy metabolism, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism in alfalfa enabling individuals to endure subsequent drought stress following recurrent drought training. Post-rewatering, alfalfa underwent a metabolic shift from energy metabolism to lipid catabolism to generate energy to cope with drought stress and promote growth. This study offers valuable understanding into the mechanisms governing the formation of stress memory in alfalfa exposed to drought, presenting potential strategies for improving plant plasticity and productivity under water scarcity induced by climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond red and blue: Unveiling the hidden action of green wavelengths on plant physiology, metabolisms and gene regulation in horticultural crops","authors":"Roberta Paradiso ,&nbsp;Giacomo Cocetta ,&nbsp;Simona Proietti","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light intensity, photoperiod and spectral composition drive many fundamental functions of plant life and interacts with other environmental parameters and cultivation factors in determining the crop performance. Indeed, in addition to providing energy to power photosynthesis, light imparts precise signals regulating plant growth, development, and metabolism in photomorphogenesis, through the different wavelengths, detected by specific photoreceptors also at very low fluence rate.</div><div>While the efficiency of blue and red wavelengths in the photosynthetic process and their role in photomorphogenesis, as well as their absorption spectra, have been long since demonstrated, green radiation was considered useless (if not even detrimental) for plants for a long time, because of the poor action spectrum of photosynthesis and the weak absorption and high reflection in plant tissues. It is known now that instead the green light sustains photosynthesis in the deeper leaf lamina and canopy layers and participate to several photomorphogenetic processes. However, its role in the complex scenario of plant responses to light environment is still unclear and results in literature are sometimes conflicting.</div><div>The aim of this review is to update the knowledge on the effects of green, as both monochromatic light and portion of multispectral radiation, on plant physiology, metabolism, and transcriptional regulation to the most recent advances, with a special focus on those underlying useful agronomic outputs in terms of plant growth and yield, and product quality in vegetable and herbaceous crops. Last findings on these aspects are summarised in order to determine if and how green light-mediated responses can contribute to boost the plant performance in greenhouse and controlled environment horticulture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated nitrogen supply enhances the recovery capability of alfalfa following rewatering by regulating carbon allocation","authors":"Luanzi Sun ,&nbsp;Kun Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiacun Guo ,&nbsp;Junrui Zang ,&nbsp;Shipeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought events are increasingly frequent, posing a significant threat to plant growth and survival. Nitrogen (N) has been shown to improve drought tolerance in plants, but its role in facilitating recovery growth following rewatering after drought stress remains poorly understood. The alfalfa cultivated under hydroponic conditions with varying levels of N (Low N: 1 mM; Medium N: 4 mM; High: 7 mM) was subjected to drought-rewatering which was simulated by the addition and subsequent removal of PEG from the nutrient solution. The allocation of biomass (R/S) and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) between shoots and roots, and the percentage of assimilation allocated to NSC were investigated at the end of the drought, early stage (7 days post-rewatering), and late stage of rewatering (35 days post-rewatering). The results revealed that after 35 days of rewatering, the alfalfa grown under medium N level had fully recovered its growth to that of their well-watered control groups, with no significant difference in total dry weights; nevertheless, those grown under low and high N levels had total dry weights that were 18.3 % and 18.8 % lower than those of their corresponding control groups, respectively. Following rewatering, similar to the drought period, plants exposed to higher N levels tended to allocate more biomass and NSC toward roots rather than shoots. At 35 days after rewatering, the R/S of plants under the low N supply level decreased by 9.6 %; that of plants under the medium N supply did not change significantly; whereas that of plants under the high N supply increased by 46.6 % in comparison with their corresponding control group. Furthermore, a higher N supply level facilitated carbon allocation for tissue growth rather than reserving NSC, similar to the effect of N supply during the drought period. Therefore, a higher N supply may enhance the recovery capability of the plant after rewatering but may delay the recovery rate. During various stages of the drought-rewatering process, increasing the N supply level influenced the allocation of biomass and NSC between shoots and roots through different key enzymes and sucrose transporters. Our study provides valuable insights into the carbon regulatory mechanisms utilized by plants in response to rewatering after drought under varying N supply conditions. This contributes to a deeper understanding of plant adaptation strategies in the face of drought events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OsCEP8-mediated abiotic stress response is associated with auxin and sugar homeostasis in plants","authors":"Sakshi Aggarwal ,&nbsp;Ray Singh Rathore ,&nbsp;R. Rakhi ,&nbsp;Sumita Kumari ,&nbsp;Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek ,&nbsp;Ananda Mustafiz","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants are exposed to various abiotic stresses in natural environmental conditions such as drought, salinity, etc., which have a detrimental impact on crop yield. Therefore, understanding the signalling mechanism under abiotic stress will help us to engineer a crop tolerant to these abiotic stress conditions. Here, we studied the role of a signaling peptide, a C-terminally Encoded Peptide (CEP), in response to abiotic stress conditions. In this study, a stress-responsive member of the CEP gene family, <em>OsCEP8</em>, was characterized. The study revealed the pivotal involvement of a specific <em>OsCEP8</em> gene in enhancing tolerance towards abiotic stress in transgenic rice and <em>Arabidopsis</em> plants. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that under nutrient and mineral deficient conditions such as nitrogen and sugar deficiency, the <em>OsCEP8</em> overexpressing transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em> plants show an increase in primary and lateral root length. Moreover, this <em>OsCEP8</em>-mediated abiotic stress response regulates the auxin concentration in plants. The T-DNA insertion mutant of <em>Arabidopsis</em>, <em>cep8</em> exhibited low active auxin levels, and stress-responsive genes were downregulated in this mutant. Further, the expression of genes involved in the KIN10/SnRK1 pathway, such as bZIP2 and bZIP11, upregulated in <em>OsCEP8</em> overexpressing <em>Arabidopsis</em> plants. Thus, we proposed that <em>OsCEP8</em> mediated response directs redistribution of metabolic resources such as auxin to enhance resistance towards abiotic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylem anatomical structure as a determinant of hydraulic trait variation in C3 plant Reaumuria soongorica and C4 plant Salsola passerina","authors":"Hongyong Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Ma ,&nbsp;Yunxia Wang ,&nbsp;Jianbo Wang ,&nbsp;Tingting Xie ,&nbsp;Furong Niu ,&nbsp;Cai He ,&nbsp;Lishan Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moisture variation significantly impacts hydraulic traits and xylem anatomical structure in woody plants, thereby influencing water transport and embolism resistance. However, the precise relationship between these factors within desert shrubs remains unclear, and it may be related to plant functional types. We conducted a water manipulation experiment involving seedlings of the C₃ plant <em>Reaumuria soongorica</em> and the C₄ plant <em>Salsola passerina</em> within a rain shelter. We applied three water treatments: control, chronic drought, and flash drought. After a period of drought treatment, seedlings were rewatered to control level for 15 days, after which hydraulic traits and anatomical structures were measured. We found that: (1) vessel density was positively correlated with sapwood specific conductivity for <em>R. soongorica</em>, while hydraulic weighted vessel diameter positively correlated with embolism resistance; both hydraulic weighted vessel diameter and vessel internal diameter span was positively correlated with sapwood specific conductivity for <em>S. passerina</em>; (2) <em>R. soongorica</em> had lower edge density yet higher modularity compared to <em>S. passerina</em>; (3) sapwood and leaf specific conductivity emerged as hub traits in <em>R. soongorica</em>, while vessel internal diameter span was identified as a hub trait in <em>S. passerina</em>, thus serving as important predictors of hydraulic function and related attributes. Our study demonstrates distinct hydraulic strategies in the two species. <em>R. soongorica</em> employs a highly modular trait combination to adapt to water fluctuations, maintaining both high hydraulic efficiency and embolism resistance under drought stress. Conversely, <em>S. passerina</em> integrates traits for efficient resource access, ensuring hydraulic efficiency but compromising embolism resistance under drought stress. Integrating hydraulic traits with anatomical structures significantly enhances predictions of desert shrub resilience to drought within the context of global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreasing R:FR ratio in a grow light spectrum increases inflorescence yield but decreases plant specialized metabolite concentrations in Cannabis sativa","authors":"Stiina Kotiranta ,&nbsp;Aku Sarka ,&nbsp;Titta Kotilainen ,&nbsp;Pauliina Palonen","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultivation of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> for recreational and pharmaceutical purposes has been increasing significantly in recent years due to legalization in many countries. Cultivation takes place regularly indoors under varying artificial lighting sources. There is a lack of scientific knowledge on the effect of light spectrum on the <em>C. sativa</em> morphology, yield, and quality, especially the cannabinoid and terpene concentrations in the female inflorescences in indoor environments. Furthermore, only a handful of the spectra studies conducted so far study or discuss the effect of far-red radiation, while the effect of other wavelengths, such as UV or blue, has gained more attention. This study had two aims: (1) to examine plant morphology and inflorescence yield under varying red to far-red ratio (R:FR) treatments with equal photon flux densities (380–780 nm), and (2) to examine the possible relationship of the cannabinoid and terpene concentrations with the spectrum’s R:FR ratio, Plant material was collected as cuttings from <em>C. sativa</em> ‘Finola’ mother plants and grown under 18 h photoperiod before transferring them under the light treatments for 49 days (550 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, 12 h/12 h dark/light). Light treatments were created with two types of LED fixtures, white spectrum (380–780 nm) and far-red (730 nm), which were used to create four R:FR ratio treatments; R:FR 3, 5, 9, and 12. Plant morphology was affected by the R:FR ratio; under the lowest R:FR (3) treatment plants were tallest, and the apical inflorescence dry weight decreased linearly with increasing R:FR ratio. The concentrations of many terpenes and cannabinoids including cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), increased with increasing R:FR ratio. In conclusion, spectra with different R:FR ratios can be used as a tool at different growth phases to modify the plant morphology, inflorescence yield, and cannabinoid and terpene concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}