Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and prevalent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Clara Matthiessen, Lina Glaubitz, Sarah Lucht, Julia Kälsch, Tom Luedde, Raimund Erbel, Andreas Stang, Börge Schmidt, Scott L Friedman, Ali Canbay, Lars P Bechmann, Barbara Hoffmann","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000268","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease characterized by lipid accumulation within hepatocytes, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, in the absence of secondary causes of hepatic fat accumulation. Although air pollution (AP) has been associated with several conditions related to NAFLD (e.g., metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus), few studies have explored an association between AP and NAFLD. The aim of the study was to investigate whether exposure to AP is associated with NAFLD prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used baseline cross-sectional data (2000-2003) of the Heinz-Nixdorf-Recall cohort study in Germany (baseline n = 4,814), a prospective population-based cohort study in the urbanized Ruhr Area. Mean annual exposure to size-fractioned particulate matter (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, PM_coarse, and PM_2.5abs), nitrogen dioxide, and particle number was assessed using two different exposure models: a chemistry transport dispersion model, which captures urban background AP exposure on a 1 km² grid at participant's residential addresses, and a land use regression model, which captures point-specific AP exposure at participant's residential addresses. NAFLD was assessed with the fatty liver index (n = 4,065), with NAFLD defined as fatty liver index ≥60. We estimated ORs of NAFLD per interquartile range of exposure using logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a NAFLD prevalence of 31.7% (n = 1,288). All air pollutants were positively associated with NAFLD prevalence, with an OR per interquartile range for PM_2.5 of 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.24) using chemistry transport model, and 1.06 (95% CI = 0.94, 1.19) using the land use regression model, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a positive association between long-term AP exposure and NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"7 5","pages":"e268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/36/ee9-7-e268.PMC10569764.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk of pulmonary NTM infections and water-quality constituents among persons with cystic fibrosis in the United States, 2010-2019.","authors":"Ettie M Lipner,&nbsp;Joshua P French,&nbsp;Rachel A Mercaldo,&nbsp;Stephen Nelson,&nbsp;Adrian M Zelazny,&nbsp;Julia E Marshall,&nbsp;Michael Strong,&nbsp;Joseph O Falkinham,&nbsp;D Rebecca Prevots","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease varies geographically in the United States. Previous studies indicate that the presence of certain water-quality constituents in source water increases NTM infection risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify water-quality constituents that influence the risk of NTM pulmonary infection in persons with cystic fibrosis in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a population-based case-control study using NTM incidence data collected from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry during 2010-2019. We linked patient zip code to the county and associated patient county of residence with surface water data extracted from the Water Quality Portal. We used logistic regression models to estimate the odds of NTM infection as a function of water-quality constituents. We modeled two outcomes: pulmonary infection due to <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex (MAC) and <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 484 MAC cases, 222 <i>M. abscessus</i> cases and 2816 NTM-negative cystic fibrosis controls resident in 11 states. In multivariable models, we found that for every 1-standardized unit increase in the log concentration of sulfate and vanadium in surface water at the county level, the odds of infection increased by 39% and 21%, respectively, among persons with cystic fibrosis with MAC compared with cystic fibrosis-NTM-negative controls. When modeling <i>M. abscessus</i> as the dependent variable, every 1-standardized unit increase in the log concentration of molybdenum increased the odds of infection by 36%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that naturally occurring and anthropogenic water-quality constituents may influence the NTM abundance in water sources that supply municipal water systems, thereby increasing MAC and <i>M. abscessus</i> infection risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"7 5","pages":"e266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569765/pdf/ee9-7-e266.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between timing in pregnancy of drought and excess rainfall, infant sex, and birthweight: Evidence from Nepal.","authors":"Nadia G Diamond-Smith, Adrienne Epstein, Marya G Zlatnik, Emily Treleaven","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000263","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Past research on the impact of climatic events, such as drought, on birth outcomes has primarily been focused in Africa, with less research in South Asia, including Nepal. Existing evidence has generally found that drought impacts birthweight and infant sex, with differences by trimester. Additionally, less research has looked at the impact of excess rain on birth outcomes or focused on the impact of rainfall extremes in the preconception period. Using data from a large demographic surveillance system in Nepal, combined with a novel measure of drought/excess rainfall, we explore the impact of these on birthweight by time in pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using survey data from the 2016 to 2019 Chitwan Valley Study in rural Nepal combined with data from Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station, we explored the association between excess rainfall and drought and birthweight, looking at exposure in the preconception period, and by trimester of pregnancy. We also explore the impact of excess rainfall and drought on infant sex and delivery with a skilled birth attendant. We used multilevel regressions and explored for effect modification by maternal age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drought in the first trimester is associated with lower birthweight (<i>β</i> = -82.9 g; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 164.7, -1.2) and drought in the preconception period with a high likelihood of having a male (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.01). Excess rainfall in the first trimester is associated with high birthweight (<i>β</i> = 111.6 g; 95% CI = 20.5, 202.7) and higher odds of having a male (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.02, 2.16), and in the third trimester with higher odds of low birth weight (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.40, 4.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increasing rainfall extremes will likely impact birth outcomes and could have implications for sex ratios at birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"7 5","pages":"e263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/62/6c/ee9-7-e263.PMC10569756.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial modeling of ambient concentrations of volatile organic compounds in Montreal, Canada.","authors":"Sara Zapata-Marin,&nbsp;Alexandra M Schmidt,&nbsp;Dan Crouse,&nbsp;Vikki Ho,&nbsp;France Labrèche,&nbsp;Eric Lavigne,&nbsp;Marie-Élise Parent,&nbsp;Mark S Goldberg","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are components of the complex mixture of air pollutants within cities and can cause various adverse health effects. Therefore, it is necessary to understand their spatial distribution for exposure assessment in epidemiological studies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective was to model measured concentrations of five VOCs within the city of Montreal, Canada, developing spatial prediction models that can be used in health studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured concentrations using 3M 3500 Organic Vapor Monitors, over 2-week periods, for three monitoring campaigns between 2005 and 2006 in over 130 locations in the city. Using GC/MSD (Gas Chromatography/Mass Selective Detector), we measured concentrations of benzene, n-decane, ethylbenzene, hexane, and trimethylbenzene. We fitted four different models that combine land-use regression and geostatistical methods to account for the potential spatial structure that remains after accounting for the land-use variables. The fitted models also accounted for possible variations in the concentration of air pollutants across campaigns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest concentrations for all VOCs were found in December with hexane being the most abundant followed by ethylbenzene. We obtained predicted surfaces for the VOCs for the three campaigns and mean surfaces across campaigns. We found higher concentrations of some VOCs along highways and in the Eastern part of Montreal, which is a highly industrialized area.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Each of the fitted models captured the spatial and across-campaigns variability for each VOC, and we found that different VOCs required different model structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c2/d4/ee9-6-e226.PMC9555929.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33545198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanadium in groundwater aquifers increases the risk of MAC pulmonary infection in O'ahu, Hawai'i.","authors":"Ettie M Lipner,&nbsp;Joshua P French,&nbsp;Stephen Nelson,&nbsp;Joseph O Falkinham Iii,&nbsp;Rachel A Mercaldo,&nbsp;Rebekah A Blakney,&nbsp;Yihe G Daida,&nbsp;Timothy B Frankland,&nbsp;Kyle P Messier,&nbsp;Jennifer R Honda,&nbsp;Stacey Honda,&nbsp;D Rebecca Prevots","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hawai'i has the highest prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease in the United States. Previous studies indicate that certain trace metals in surface water increase the risk of NTM infection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify whether trace metals influence the risk of NTM infection in O'ahu, Hawai'i.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based ecologic cohort study was conducted using NTM infection incidence data from patients enrolled at Kaiser Permanente Hawai'i during 2005-2019. We obtained sociodemographic, microbiologic, and geocoded residential data for all Kaiser Permanente Hawai'i beneficiaries. To estimate the risk of NTM pulmonary infection from exposure to groundwater constituents, we obtained groundwater data from three data sources: (1) Water Quality Portal; (2) the Hawai'i Department of Health; and (3) Brigham Young University, Department of Geological Science faculty. Data were aggregated by an aquifer and were associated with the corresponding beneficiary aquifer of residence. We used Poisson regression models with backward elimination to generate models for NTM infection risk as a function of groundwater constituents. We modeled two outcomes: <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex (MAC) species and <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> group species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For every 1-unit increase in the log concentration of vanadium in groundwater at the aquifer level, infection risk increased by 22% among MAC patients. We did not observe significant associations between water-quality constituents and infection risk among <i>M. abscessus</i> patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concentrations of vanadium in groundwater were associated with MAC pulmonary infection in O'ahu, Hawai'i. These findings provide evidence that naturally occurring trace metals influence the presence of NTM in water sources that supply municipal water systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9555944/pdf/ee9-6-e220.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33516650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of future clean air policies in Europe: Proposed analyses of the mortality impacts of PM_2.5 and NO₂.","authors":"Barbara Hoffmann,&nbsp;Bert Brunekreef,&nbsp;Zorana J Andersen,&nbsp;Francesco Forastiere,&nbsp;Hanna Boogaard","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000221","url":null,"abstract":"Health impact assessments (HIA) and cost-benefit analyses (CBA) play a major role in the ongoing revision of the European Union Ambient Air Quality Directive (EU AAQD). HIAs quantify the public health impacts of the air pollution levels a population is exposed to. CBAs quantify the economic costs of achieving lower air pollution levels and the (monetized) benefits for public health that result from these lower air pollution levels. In this commentary, we consider the recent body of evidence on the effects of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on total mortality from natural causes and present the rationale for conducting additional analyses within the framework of the HIA conducted for the revision of the EU AAQD, based on the recently published European “Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe” (ELAPSE) study. The air pollution-related burden (presented as impact on mortality from natural causes) for Europe has been estimated since 2014 in the annual “Air Quality in Europe” reports published by the European Environment Agency (EEA). EEA in their HIA has used relative risk estimates from meta-analyses by Hoek and colleagues1 in 2013, based on evidence published before January 2013: 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) for PM2.5 and 1.05 (1.03, 1.08) for NO2, both per 10 μg/m 3. The EEA, in its latest HIA for 2019, assumed no threshold for PM2.5, and a threshold of 20 μg/m3 for NO2, and estimated 307,000 and 40,400 premature deaths in the EU27 associated with PM2.5 and NO2, respectively. 2 In support of the recent development of the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines, new systematic reviews of the evidence of effects of air pollutants on mortality were published in 2020.3,4 These reviews include studies conducted in all parts of the world and across a wide range of exposure levels. The linear summary estimates from these global systematic reviews are used in the current HIA and CBA informing the revision of the EU AAQD. The systematic review on PM2.5 and total mortality documented a summary estimate of 1.08 per 10 μg/m3 with a confidence interval of (1.06, 1.09), based on 25 studies.3 The systematic review on NO2 and total mortality reported a summary estimate of 1.02 per 10 μg/m3 with a confidence interval of (1.01, 1.04), based on 24 studies.4 This latter review has also reported an association between longterm, warm season ozone exposure and total mortality with a summary effect estimate of 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) per 10 μg/m3, which is being used to estimate the impacts of long-term warm season ozone concentrations in the revision of the EU AAQD. These systematic reviews were published in 2020 and included studies available until September 2018. They do not include important new European studies that have been published since. We propose that additional analyses should be conducted based on these new studies to ensure that the HIA and CBA to inform the revision of the EU AAQD consider","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5a/49/ee9-6-e221.PMC9556041.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33516652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of preconception mixtures of phenol and phthalate metabolites with birthweight among subfertile couples.","authors":"Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Vicente Mustieles,&nbsp;Paige L Williams,&nbsp;Irene Souter,&nbsp;Antonia M Calafat,&nbsp;Melina Demokritou,&nbsp;Alexandria Lee,&nbsp;Stylianos Vagios,&nbsp;Russ Hauser,&nbsp;Carmen Messerlian","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although parental preconception exposure to some phenols and phthalates have been associated with reduced birthweight, few studies have examined these chemicals as complex mixtures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 384 mothers and 211 fathers (203 couples) who gave birth to 384 singletons from a prospective cohort of couples seeking fertility evaluation. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), parabens, and 11 phthalate metabolites including those of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were examined. Birthweight was abstracted from delivery records. We used principal component analysis and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to examine maternal and paternal preconception mixtures in relation to singleton birthweight. We also fit couple-based BKMR with hierarchical variable selection to assess couples' joint mixtures in relation to birthweight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PC scores of maternal and paternal preconception low molecular weight phthalates factor, and paternal preconception DEHP-BPA factor were associated with reduced birthweight. In BKMR models, we found that maternal preconception monoethyl phthalate and BPA concentrations, and paternal preconception mono-n-butyl phthalate concentrations were inversely associated with birthweight when the remaining mixture components were held at their median concentrations. In couple-based BKMR models, paternal preconception biomarkers contributed more to couples' joint effect on birthweight compared with maternal preconception biomarkers. A decreasing trend of birthweight was observed across quantiles of maternal, paternal, and couples' total preconception mixture concentrations, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results from this preconception cohort of subfertile couples suggest a complex interplay between paternal and maternal preconception exposure to mixtures of nonpersistent chemicals, with both parental windows of exposure jointly contributing to reduced birthweight.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9555928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33516649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to nitrate from drinking water and the risk of preterm birth: A Danish nationwide cohort study.","authors":"Vanessa R Coffman,&nbsp;Anja Søndergaard Jensen,&nbsp;Betina B Trabjerg,&nbsp;Carsten Bøcker Pedersen,&nbsp;Birgitte Hansen,&nbsp;Torben Sigsgaard,&nbsp;Jørn Olsen,&nbsp;Jörg Schullehner,&nbsp;Marie Pedersen,&nbsp;Leslie T Stayner","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence is emerging that preterm birth (PTB, birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation), a risk factor for neonatal mortality and future morbidity, may be induced by maternal nitrate ( <math> <mstyle> <msubsup><mrow><mi>N</mi> <mi>O</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>-</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </math> ) exposure from drinking water. The objective of this study is to assess the association between maternal exposure to nitrate and the risk of PTB in a nationwide study of liveborn singletons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We estimated maternal nitrate exposure from household tap water for 1,055,584 births in Denmark to Danish-born parents during 1991-2015 by linkage of individual home address(es) with nitrate concentrations from a national monitoring database. Nitrate exposure during pregnancy was modeled using four categories and continuously. Logistic models adjusted for sex, birth year, birth order, urbanicity, and maternal age, smoking, education, income, and employment, with generalized estimating equations were used to account for sibling clusters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,009,189 births were included, comprising 51,747 PTB. An increase in the risk of PTB was seen across categories of exposure (<i>P</i> < 0.001) with an odds ratio (OR) in the uppermost category (>25 mg/L nitrate) of 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.10). Evidence of an exposure-response relationship was observed in models using continuous nitrate (OR = 1.01 [95% CI = 1.00, 1.03] per 10 mg/L nitrate). In sensitivity analyses, results were robust to the addition of variables for short inter-pregnancy interval (<1 year between births), maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, paternal socioeconomic status and age, season of birth, and inclusion of post-term births. Results were virtually unchanged when the analysis was restricted to women exposed to less than the current European Union standard of 50 mg/L.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed an increasing risk of PTB with increases in nitrate in household tap water. These findings add to a growing body of evidence of adverse effects from nitrate in drinking water at levels below current regulatory levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f3/cc/ee9-6-e223.PMC9556052.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33516648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient air pollution and prostate cancer risk in a population-based Canadian case-control study.","authors":"Leslie Michele-Ange Kouam Youogo,&nbsp;Marie-Elise Parent,&nbsp;Perry Hystad,&nbsp;Paul J Villeneuve","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ambient air pollution is a human carcinogen and a possible risk factor for prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated associations between ambient concentrations particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and incident prostate cancer in a Canadian case-control study. Between 1994 and 1997, cases were identified from provincial cancer registries, and a population-based series of controls was recruited. Among men 50 years of age or older, risk factor and residential history data (1975 to 1994) were collected from 1,420 prostate cancer cases and 1,424 controls. Three methods were used to estimate the residential mean exposure to PM_2.5 and NO₂ during this period: (1) satellite-derived observations; (2) satellite-derived observations scaled with historical fixed-site measurements; and (3) a national land-use regression (LUR) model. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in relation to interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM_2.5 and NO₂ were estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for personal and contextual factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found positive associations between exposure to PM_2.5 and NO₂ over the previous 20 years and prostate cancer. An IQR increase in PM_2.5 (3.56 µg/m³ for satellite and 4.48 µg/m³ for scaled satellite observations) yielded ORs of 1.28 (95% CI = 1.07, 1.52) and 1.20 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.40), respectively. For NO₂, IQR increases (1.45 ppb for satellite, 15.18 ppb for scaled satellite-derived information, and 15.39 ppb for the national LUR) were associated with ORs of 1.09 (95% CI = 0.95, 1.24), 1.21 (95% CI = 1.02, 1.43), and 1.19 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.38), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the hypothesis that ambient air pollution increases the risk of prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9374191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40633126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent growth trajectories of county-level diabetes prevalence in the United States, 2004-2017, and associations with overall environmental quality.","authors":"Tara P McAlexander,&nbsp;Jyotsna S Jagai,&nbsp;Leslie A McClure","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased in the United States, and recent studies suggest that environmental factors contribute to T2D risk. We sought to understand if environmental factors were associated with the rate and magnitude of increase in diabetes prevalence at the county level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained age-adjusted diabetes prevalence estimates from the CDC for 3,137 US counties from 2004 to 2017. We applied latent growth mixture models to these data to identify classes of counties with similar trends in diabetes prevalence over time, stratified by Rural Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC). We then compared mean values of the US EPA Environmental Quality Index (EQI) 2006-2010, overall and for each of the five domain indices (air, water, land, sociodemographic, and built), with RUCC-specific latent class to examine associations of environmental factors and class of diabetes prevalence trajectory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall diabetes prevalence trends between 2004 and 2017 were similar across all RUCC strata. We identified two classes among metropolitan urbanized (RUCC 1) counties; four classes among non-metro urbanized (RUCC 2) counties; and three classes among less urbanized (RUCC 3) and thinly populated (RUCC 4) counties. Associations with overall EQI values and class of diabetes prevalence trends differed by RUCC strata, with the clearest association between poor air EQI and steeper increases in diabetes prevalence among rural counties (RUCC 3 and 4).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Similarities in county-level diabetes prevalence trends between 2004 and 2017 were identified for each RUCC strata, although associations with environmental factors varied by rurality.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8b/fb/ee9-6-e218.PMC9374184.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40633127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}